Introduction to the Skeletal System

Major Functions• Support• Protection• Movement• Storage (Minerals- Calcium,

Phosphate)• Blood cell formation

(hematopoiesis)

Bone ClassificationTissues Types

• Spongy or cancellous– Inside of the bone it appears as a

network of needle-like pieces• Compact

– Dense outer layer that appears to be solid or smooth

• Long Bones- Limbs• Short Bones- wrist• Flat Bones- breastbone• Irregular Bones- hip bones or

vertebrae

General Structure of Long Bones

• Diaphysis– (Long Axis of Bone)– Periosteum– Endosteum– Medullary cavity (yellow marrow)– Compact bone

• Epiphysis– (Bone Ends)– Articular cartilage– Red marrow– Spongy bone– Epiphyseal Plate

General Long Bone Structure

Bone Markings

Bone Markings• PROJECTIONS/PROCESSES

– Function: 1) Attachment of muscle tendon and

ligaments2)Joint formation

–Examples:• Tuberosity, trochanter

• Head, condyle

Bone Markings (cont.)• DEPRESSIONS AND OPENINGS

– Functions:• Depressions allow for attachments• Openings are passageways for blood vessels

and nerves– Examples:

Foramen (Round/Oval) FossaMeatus (Canal-like) GrooveFissure (Narrow slit-like)Sinus- (Cavity within bone that is filled with air lines with

Mucous membrane)

Bone Growth