Introduction to the Periodic Table · The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their...
Transcript of Introduction to the Periodic Table · The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their...
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INTRODUCTION TO THE PERIODIC TABLE
ATOMIC NUMBER ● SYMBOL ● ATOMIC WEIGHT
ELEMENT ● COMPOUND ● MIXTURE
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CREATED BY DMITRI MENDELEEV
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WHAT IS THE PERIODIC TABLE?
oShows all known elements in the universe.
oOrganizes the elements by chemical properties.
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HOW DO YOU READ THE PERIODIC TABLE?
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WHAT IS THE ATOMIC NUMBER?
oThe number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
Or
oThe number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of an atom.
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WHAT IS THE SYMBOL?
oAn abbreviation of the element name.
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WHAT IS THE ATOMIC WEIGHT?
oThe number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
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HOW DO I FIND THE NUMBER OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND NEUTRONS IN AN ELEMENT USING THE PERIODIC TABLE?
o # of PROTONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of ELECTRONS = ATOMIC NUMBER
o # of NEUTRONS = ATOMIC _ ATOMIC
WEIGHT NUMBER
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ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURES
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WHAT IS AN ELEMENT?
oA substance composed of a single kind of atom.
oCannot be broken down into another substance by chemical or physical means.
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WHAT IS A COMPOUND?
oA substance in which two or more different elements are CHEMICALLY bonded together.
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WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
oTwo or more substances that are mixed together but are NOT chemically bonded.
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE?
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Periods:
Are arranged horizontally across the periodic table (rows 1-7). These elements have the same number of valence shells.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
2nd Period
6th Period
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Family:
Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 or 1-8 A,B). These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family:
1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family:
7 e- in the valence shell
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Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline
(earth)
Transition Metals
Noble GasHalogen
Chalcogens
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1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Individual members of selected Elements & their characteristics
H He
Li
Na
K Ca
Mg
Fe
I
Cl
F
P SSi
ONC
Al
ZnCu
Ag
Br
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The periodic table can be classified by the behavior of their electrons
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
West (South) Mid-plains East (North)METALS
AlkaliAlkaline
Transition
METALLOID NON-METALSNoble gasHalogensCalcogens
These elementstend to give up
e- and formCATIONS
These elementswill give up e- or
accept e-
These elementstend to accept
e- and formANIONS
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ATOMIC RADIUSAtomic Radius:
The size of at atomic specie as determine by the boundaries of the valence e-. Largest atomic species are those found in the SW corner since these atoms have the largest n, but the smallest Zeff.
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IONIZATION POTENTIALIonization potential:
The energy required to remove
the valence electron from an
atomic specie. Largest toward NE
corner of PT since these atoms
hold on to their valence e- the
tightest.
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ELECTRON AFFINITY
Electron Affinity:
The energy
release when an
electron is added
to an atom. Most
favorable toward
NE corner of PT
since these atoms
have a great
affinity for e-.
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Periodic Table and Periodic Trends
1. Electron Configuration
2. Atomic Radius: Largest toward SW corner of PT
3. Ionization Energy: Largest toward NE of PT
4. Electron Affinity: Most favorable NE of PT
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Periodic Table: Map of the Building block of matter
Type: Metal, metalloid and Nonmetal
Groupings: Representative or main, transition and Lanthanide/Actanides
Family: Elements in the same column have similar chemical property because of similar valence electrons
Alkali, Alkaline, chalcogens, halogens, noble gases
Period: Elements in the same row have valence electrons in the same shell.