Introduction to the laboratory for anaerobic digestion · Assignment to groups Practical...
Transcript of Introduction to the laboratory for anaerobic digestion · Assignment to groups Practical...
Tuesday, 08 November 2016 2 Lab for Environmental Engineers
Introduction topics:
OBJECTIVES
SCHEDULE
WORK & MATERIAL
Anaerobic Digestion
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AD describes the microbial degradation of organic substances (biomass) under oxygen depleted conditions to gaseous end products CH4 and CO2.
AD includes 3 metabolical steps:
Hydrolysis
Fermentation = Acidification
Methanogenesis
From a technical point of view it is however considered as an overall reaction
Organics Methane + CO2
Anaerobic Digestion – a Definition
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AD Situation in Switzerland Waste, not RenewablesB
aier
U.,
Bau
m S
., H
artm
ann
F., (
2012
) Bio
gene
Güt
erflü
sse
der S
chw
eiz.
BA
FU, B
ern
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How you can interpret your BMP Results!
max. BMPBMP after t(standard)
a(seed)
a(standard)
BMP of 2nd substrategas production rate
Lag phase
Multiple substrate effects
type of kinetics
SCHEDULE
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Date Work Reports / Presentations
Day 1 Thu. 10. Nov. 12:45
(HIL D 60.1) Introduction to the laboratory course Assignment to groups Practical introduction to anaerobic batch
experiments Starting first batch experiment Regular control of the batch experiments during
the week
Day 2 Thu. 17. Nov. 12:45
Introduction to analytics: TS, oTS, alkalinity and fatty acids (Titration), pH, gas quality
Practice all methods with experiment I reactors Calculate gas volume from the measured pressure End the first batch experiment until 22th of Nov.
Calculation of first batch gas volume until 23. Nov.
Day 3 Thu. 24. Nov. 12:45
Bring along first-batch gas production results Starting second batch experiment Control and measure the ongoing fermentations End mass balancing analysis of Day 2
Wed. 30. Nov.:
Hand in summary of results
SCHEDULE
Dienstag, 8. November 2016 5 Labor für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Date Work Reports / Presentations
Day 4 Thu. 01. Dec. 12:45
Control and measure the ongoing fermentations Discussion of summary of results
Day 5 Thu. 15. Dec. 12:45
Control and measure the ongoing fermentations Once experiment II has ended, measure mass
balancing analysis of the digestate
Present your intermediate results of experiment II
… Tue. 20. Dec.
End the second experiment and clean the reactors, including all mass balancing measurements
Cleaning the work place
Hand in the final report by 29. Dec. 2016
WORK & MATERIAL
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Gas production in: • small scale • anaerobic • wet digestion • batch reactors • manual pressure measurement
WORK & MATERIAL
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Reactor Setup:
Described in the SOP
WORK & MATERIAL
Dienstag, 8. November 2016 8 Labor für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Process control: pH
WORK & MATERIAL
Dienstag, 8. November 2016 9 Labor für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Process control: Titration
WORK & MATERIAL
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Mass balancing: TS (total solids)
WORK & MATERIAL
Dienstag, 8. November 2016 11 Labor für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
Mass balancing: oTS (organic total solids)
WORK & MATERIAL
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Process control / Mass balancing: Gas quality
OBJECTIVES
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Laboratory measurements to control the fermentation
Input and output characterization applying mass balancing analysis
Hands on experience on anaerobic digestion, carrying out two experiments:
1. Experiment I –get in touch with the instruments, activity of the inoculate (seeding sludge) in use.
2. Experiment II –main experiment, real data of real substrates, possibly to be introduced into a life cycle assessment.
OBJECTIVES
Dienstag, 8. November 2016 14 Labor für Umweltingenieurwissenschaften
The Experiment’s Details Experiment I • Choose and define reactor properties
• 4 reactors in use per group (2 x blank & 2 x cellulose)
• Goal is to determine the inoculate activity by using cellulose as
standardized substrate
0
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0 100 200 300 400
Pre
ssu
re [
mb
ar]
Time [hours]
B17 real B18 real Predicted steady stateReactor I Reactor II
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0 100 200 300 400
BM
P [
NL
ga
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oT
S]
Time [hours]
B17 B18 PredictedReactor I Reactor II Calculated max. gas
OBJECTIVES
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The Experiment’s Details Experiment II • Collaboration with Biogas Zürich
• 9 reactors in use per group
• Goals are: – to determine the BMP
– the rate of decay
– the fermentation behaviour of the substrate under
the conditions applied due to process controling
100 kJ (100%) substrate
50 kJ (50%) gas
50 kJ (50%) remaining