INTRODUCTION TO THE CELL

What is a cell?

•A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

Who discovered cells? •Robert Hooke (by looking at a piece of cork under a microscope

What is a theory? •An explanation, supported by many observations and experiments, that can be used to accurately explain related occurrences.

●A theory is the work of MANY scientists. It is a work in progress that may be supported by evidence, but NOT necessarily proven.

What is the cell theory?

1. All living things are composed of cells.

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

3. Cells are produced from other existing cells.

TO THE CELL THEORY:

#1- VIRUSES #2- THE CELL EVER

What is an organelle?

•A tiny structure that performs a cellular function and makes up a cell.

•Prokaryotic Cells have NO nucleus.

•Eukaryotic Cells have a nucleus.

Example: A Bacterial Cell

Examples: Animal Cell and Plant Cell

ORGANELLE

MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS

BY (FUNCTION):

“NICKNAME”

NUCLEUS Controls ALL cell

Activities

-Contains DNA (genetic material that directs all development)

Brain

NUCLEOLUS Site of ribosome production

Little Nucleus

CYTOPLASM Jelly-like material that allows other organelles to

travel throughout cell

RIBOSOME Site of protein synthesis

(where proteins are MADE)

●

●●

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

Regulates the passage of

materials into and out of the

nucleus

CELL MEMBRANE (PLASMA

MEMBRANE)

Regulates the passage of

materials into and out of the

cell

-Outer LIVING

barrier

Gatekeeper

MITOCHONDRIA Site of cellular respiration

(energy (ATP) is made here)

Mighty Mitochondria

or Powerhouse

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

Tubular transportation system for proteins

ER

Vacuole Stores food, water, and

waste

Storage Tank

CHROMOSOME Thick rod-like structures found in the

nucleus that direct growth and development

(Contain DNA)

CELL WALL Provides support and structure

(made of cellulose-a complex starch)

-is a NON-LIVING structure

CHLOROPLAST Site of photosynthesis

(contain chlorophyll-a green liquid NOT an organelle)

Food factory

LYSOSOME Digests old cell parts

Clean up Crew

Or

Suicide Sacs

WHAT ARE SOME BETWEEN PLANTS CELLS AND ANIMAL CELLS?

-Animal cells have a round shape/ Plant cells have a square shape -Plant cells have a cell wall/Animal cells DO NOT -Plant cells have a larger vacuole -Plant cells have chloroplasts (therefore plant cells can make their own food!)/Animal cells DO NOT -Animal cells have a lysosome/Plant cells DO NOT

-They are BOTH Eukaryotic cells (have a nucleus) -They BOTH have a cell membrane -They BOTH have mitochondria and ribosomes -They BOTH have a cytoplasm and ER

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

MITOCHONDRIA

NUCLEOLUS

NUCLEUS

RIBOSOMES

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

LYSOSOME CHROMOSOME

VACUOLE

CELL MEMBRANE

CYTOPLASM

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

CYTOPLASM

RIBOSOMES

CELL MEMBRANE VACUOLE

CHLOROPLAST

MITOCHONDRIA

NUCLEOLUS NUCLEUS

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

CHROMOSOME

CELL WALL

The Animal Cell has ALL of the above organelles EXCEPT:

The plant cell has ALL of the above organelles EXCEPT:

Which organelles are found in living cells?

Nucleus

-Controls ALL cell activities

-Homeostasis

-ALL others

-Aids the mitochondria by instructing it to make ATP

-Aids the ribosome by providing the DNA to make proteins

-Aids the cell membrane by telling it what to let in and what to let out

Cell Membrane

-Regulates what enters and leaves the cell

-Homeostasis

-Transport -Excretion

-Regulation

-Aids the mitochondria by allowing in the materials needed for cellular respiration

-Aids the ribosome by allowing in the materials needed to make proteins

-Aids the vacuole by allowing wastes to exit the cell

Cytoplasm

-Jelly-like material that allows other organelles to travel throughout the cell

-Homeostasis

-Transport

-Metabolism

-Site of many chemical reactions

-Allows vacuole to travel to cell membrane to release wastes

Mitochondria

-Site of cellular respiration (makes ATP)

-Respiration

-Homeostasis -Synthesis

-Provides the energy (ATP) for ribosomes to make proteins

-Provides the energy (ATP) for the cell membrane To allow materials to pass through

Chromosome

-Directs growth and development

-Homeostasis

-Growth

-Reproduction

Vacuole

-Stores food, water, and waste

-Homeostasis

-Excretion

-Nutrition

-Aids the cell membrane by storing materials that need to be released from the cell

-Aids the chloroplast by storing water needed to carry out photosynthesis

Ribosome

-Site of protein synthesis

-Homeostasis

-Synthesis

-Works with the nucleus to make the proteins coded for by DNA

-Provides the proteins for all cell structures (organelles)

Chloroplast

-Site of photosynthesis

-Homeostasis

-Synthesis

-Nutrition

-Produces the materials needed by the mitochondria to make ATP

Cell Wall

-Provides structure and support for plant cell

-Homeostasis