Introduction to Submarine Design Concept 0807

8/18/2019 Introduction to Submarine Design Concept 0807

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Introduction to Submarine Design Concept

Aug 8th, 2012


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Index

3.

2.

4.

5.

1. Outline

Submarine Systems

Design and Building

Submarine Development History

Development Trend


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❏Feature of Submarine and Change in the Perception

Stealth is the unique advantage – Not visible, not audible

Among the existing naval weapon systems, submarine can carry

out most various missions, safely, transports and projection withpowerful weapons.

Outline

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Since 1970, submarine is recording

No.1 position in every countries’

combat Fleet List and Jane’s FightingShip list by beating even aircraft

carriers


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Diving and Surfacing method

Diving when sea water is filled in main ballast tank(MBT) which is

placed in forward & after

Surfacing when sea water is ejected by compressed air

Outline

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Ballast tank

Trim / compens.tank


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Depth and Direction Control

3 dimension movement as

fixed-wing aircraft

Depth & direction control

by Rudder and Hydroplane

Outline

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Detection

The only detection method under sea is SONAR which useacoustic wave

Detection performance of SONAR is inf luenced by oceanenvironments

Outline

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Submarine’s Mission and Operation

Outline

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Outline

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Size

Mission

Propulsion

• Midget

• Submarine

• Strategic

submarine

• Tactical submarine

• Conventional

submarines

• Nuclear powered

submarine

전략잠수함 (미 Ohio급)

재래식잠수함 (독 212급) 원자력잠수함 (영 Vanguard)

전술잠수함 (미 Virginia급)

잠수정 (북 Yugo급) 잠수함 (호주 Collins급)

Classification


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❏The early stage of Submarine

Drebbel 1618(Netherlands) :

Manufactured with wood and leather

Bushnell 1770 (USA) : Constructed

with wood, operating propeller&

pumping with man power

Bauer 1850 (Germany) :

Constructed with Steel Hull equipped

Ballast tank

Holland 1899(USA) :Constructed Submarine using Engine

and electric motor

History

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Bushnell’s

turtle

Holland


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Submarine made by DREBBEL (1623)

- Ship with12 Paddles

- Covered with oil coating leather, prevent from water flow in

- Dive into 15 feet, and voyage 2 miles for 3 hours

History

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TURTLE of DAVID BUSHNEL [USA,1776)

(The First Submarine of Offense)

Constructed for attacking British Battle ship in the American

Revolutionary War

Length: 7.5FT / Height: 6FT / FLOATING EGG type

Attacked British warship ‘Eagle’ in Hudson river, but failed

Damaging British Armada ‘HMS Celvelas’1777 in New London

History

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HUNLEY, Submarine made by DAVID (USA,1863)

The South Army constructed to attack warship of the North Army

Torpedo HOUSATONIC , warship of the North Army, with installing

bomb in the end of BOOM (1864)

All the crew were killed by explosion and sinking

History

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st Milestone Holland

History

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Holland VIII (USA, 1900)

(The First Modern Submarine]

Adopted by every nation’s Navy( USA, UK, Germany, Japan)

Used Paraffin Engine for Voyage, Electric Engine for Diving

Equipped with A Torpedo Tube and DECK GUN

History

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❏Submarine in World War I: Germany constructed U – Boat Equipped Diesel Engine & Lead-acid Battery, operated guns, torpedoed

and mine

Sink 13,000,000 tons of vessels of the Allies, Damaged 7,500,000 tons,

loss of 14,000 lives

History

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Mission Task

○

Cut off logistic support attacking vessels by torpedo

○

Block port or narrow area of the sea by laying mines


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Hull Weapons

• Streamlined Hull form(Mainly for Surface navigation)

• Installing 3 inch Cannon on deck

• Embarking a lot of sea mine inside storehouse

Character of Submarine in WWI

History

Characteristic

• Constructing 500-900t level submarine, capacity of installing weapon increased

• Maximize its usage by surface operation on night time, and diving on day time

• Speed increased by using Steam turbine

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❏Submarine in WW II(Germany)

Submarine mass construction and advanced performance

Submerged depth 200m, double hull, snorkel, torpedo and

anti-air gun

History

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❏Submarine in WW II(USA, UK)

Large size up to 3,000t, increase of cruising range, development

of radar & sonar

History

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UK R Class


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▲ Hull & Weapons

• Surface ship hul l form(700 ~ 1200t)

• Diesel/ electric propel(including SNORKEL system)

• Installed Periscope, Radar

• The first submarine loaded aircraft (M2) (UK)

Submarine in WW II

• Torpedo tube{forward 4 EA /after 2 EA)

• Improve loading unit &

loading plenty of torpedo

• Development of Homing Torpedo

• Installed guns on the deck(20mm ~ 5” )

History

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USS Nautilus – 19551st nuclear powered Submarine

History

Equipped with PWR [Pressurized Water Reactor)

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The change of submarine hull form

Type of Hull

FLEET TYPE

– Submarine before SNORKEL type(used by WW II)

– Surface vessel, Stream Line hull form – Especially for surface operation, minimize wave-making

resistance

– Surface speed is faster than submerged speed

History

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Submarine diving when it needed

Changed

Submarine surfacing when it needed

TEAR DROP Type

– Cylindrical, Tear Drop hul l form

– Mainly for underwater operation

– Streamlined and small sized Conning Tower

– Minimize Frictional resistance, decreased hydrodynamic noise

– Submerged speed is faster than surface speed

History

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❏Nuclear Submarine

1954 USA, The world’s first Nuclear Submarine(Nautilus)

1959 USA, Constructed the world’s first submarine equipped

with Nuclear warhead Intercontinental ballistic missile

USA and the Soviet Union constructed a number of SSBN &SSN

in the Cold War period

History

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Seawolf

Akula


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▲

Task & Mission

• SSBN : restrain nuclear war

• SSN : additional mission to SS

mission

- Carrier Battle Group Support

- SSBN protection

▲

Armament• Wire Guided

Torpedo

• Anti-ship Missile

• Land attack missile

• Mine

▲

Characteristic• Cylindrical or Tear drop hull

• Noise reduction

• Increased underwater detection

• Divided into SSN, SSBN

Figures of nuclear powered submarine

History

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▲ Los Angels class

○ Submerged speed 32kts/ Submerged

displacement 6,927t,

○

Maximum submerged depth 450m / Torpedo

tube 4 EA (533mm)

○

SUB - HARPOON, TOMAHAWK, MK 48

▲ SEAWOLF class

○

Submerged speed 36kts/ Submerged

displacement 9,137t,

○

Maximum submerged depth 610m / Torpedo

tube 8 EA(660mm)

○ SUB - HARPOON, TOMAHAWK, MK 48

Nuclear Powered Attack Submarine (SSN)

History

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▲

OHIO class SSBN (USA)○ Submerged displacement 18,750t

○ Missile mounted (Trident II 24EA / 6,500NM)

○ Nuclear Deterrence by retaliation to preemptive

strike

○ Nuclear attack to st rategic target

▲ TYPOON class SSBN(Submerged displacement

26,500t / Russ ia) SS-N-20 20 EA / 4,500NM)

Strategic Submarine Ballist ic Nuclear (SSBN)

History

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Trident 2 D5 SLBM

History

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Modern diesel submarine

▲

Armament

• Wire Guided

Torpedo

• Anti Ship Missile

• Mine

▲ Increased Task & Mission

○

Anti-surface ship, anti-submarine○

Sea lane containment &

protection

○ Port containment

○

Early Warning

○

Mine laying○

Support special

operations

▲

Feature○ Cylindrical or Tear drop hul l

○

Noise reduction

○

Increased underwater detection

○ Diesel-electric propulsion +AIP(1990s)

History

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❏Conventional diesel submarine

Underwater propulsion by battery

Recharging by diesel generator when battery discharged

History

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Type 209

Collins

Gotland

(Stirling)

KILO


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❏ AIP submarine

Enlarging diving period of conventional diesel submarine

Stirling Engine, Fuel Cell, CCDE and MESMA

History

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212(FC)

Agosta 90(B)

(MESMA)

Gotland

(Stirling)


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❏The Changing Role in Wars

Operational effectiveness of submarine was proved during world war I&II• Stealth, retaliation, cost-effectiveness are superior

Actual threat of submarine was proved again in Falklands war(1982)

• Argentina : Cruiser was sunk at the early outbreak of the war, only 1

submarine 209 class, San Luis was available

• British Task Fleet: about 20 vessels of light aircraft carrier, nuclear

powered submarine, destroyer, frigate were on a full alert against

submarine attack, discharged 200 rounds of anti-submarine weapons

Due to recent change to littoral combat, development of submarine is

accelerated• Nuclear powered submarines of the Big Powers has more strengthen in

littoral operations

• Conventional submarine has advanced performance and various

armament

History

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❏Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems

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Group 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Name HullPropulsion

Systems

Electric

Systems

Command &

Surveillance

Systems

Auxiliary

Systems

Outfit and

Furnishing Armament


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❏ Arrangement example - I

Submarine Systems

Class 209

S S


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❏ Arrangement example - II

Submarine Systems

Class 214

S b i S


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❏ Arrangement example - III

Submarine Systems

Class 212

S b i S t


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❏ Tank arrangement

Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏Electrical Technology Development

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Electric

Propulsion• DC Motor

Category Development in processPresent

Automation• Special control panel

• Independent Control

• PEM Motor

- Light, small

- Reliability

※

Superconductivity Motor is indevelopment

• Integrated control- Multi -Function Control Console(MFCC)- Integration systems

Electrical

System• Voltage regulating

• Constant Voltage

- Safety & Efficiency

Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏ Propulsion

Indirect driven method

Battery -- Propulsion motor - Shaft - Propeller

Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏ Diesel-powered propulsion

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Major equipment : Propulsion motor, Diesel Generator, Battery, Switchboard

Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏ AIP(Air Independent Propulsion) - Fuel Cell

Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏ AIP types

Fuel CellClosed Cycle Diesel Engine(CCDE)

MESMA Stirling Engine

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Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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❏Nuclear-powered propulsion

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Submarine Systems

S b i S t


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TorpedoesMissilesMines

BowSonar

Towed ArraySonar

Navigation PeriscopesElectronic Support MeasuresRadarCommunications

InterceptSonar

Flank Array Sonar

Signal BuoysDecoys

Combat SupportSystem

CommandManagementSystem3rd Party

Data

CommandManagementSystem

❏ Combat system

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Periscope

Torpedo, Guided

Missile

SONAR Console

C&C

SONAR

sensors

ESM

R/D

Communication

Antenna

❏ Combat System

Command & Control system• Data Bus(LAN), MFCC, CMS

Acoustic Detection System

• TAS, FAS, BPS, PRS, IS, AS,

MAS, ONA

Non-acoustic System• Periscope, ESM, Radar, IFF

Navigation Sys.

• INS, GPS, EM-Log, depth

sounder, DRT, NDMC

Communication Sys• HF, VHF, UHF, SHF, LF, VLF

• Internal Communication &

Announcing Sys.

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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TorpedoesMissilesMines

BowSonar

Towed ArraySonar

InterceptSonar

Flank

Array Sonar

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❏ Acoustic Counter Measure System

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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❏Non-acoustic Counter Measure System

Periscope – Pressure Hull penetrate type/ non-penetrate type

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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❏ Non-acoustic Counter

Measure system Radar

• Navigation Radar

• Avai lable with

periscope/Snorkel and

only in surfacenavigation

ESM

• Acquire target data by

analyzing enemy radar

wave

• Avai lable with

periscope/Snorkel and

only in surface

navigation

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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❏Communication system

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VLF/HF/UHF (EHF)

VLF

VLF

ELF

Speed

Depth

Towed

Antenna

Towed

Buoy

High Speed Buoyant

Cable AntennaMast Mounted Antennas

at Periscope Depth

Expendable

Communications

Buoy

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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❏Mast

50

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Living Quarter

• Bedroom & dining room

• Kitchen & Food storage

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❏ Auxiliary Systems

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Air regeneration system

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Density limits of gas

Oxygen : keep 21 ~ 18%

CO2 : keep under 1%

Hydrogen : keep under 2%

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Escape and rescue system

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Submarine Systems


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Submarine Systems


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❏ Weapon

Mounted weapon : Torpedo, guided missile, mine, torpedo

decoy

Weapon launcher : Torpedo tube, decoy launcher

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Torpedo tube

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Weapon handling system

Submarine Systems

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Submarine Systems


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Torpedo

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Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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Guided missile

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Exocetrange 70 km

1m

Tomahawkrange 450 km (anti-ship)

2000 km (land targets)

Harpoonrange 90 km

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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○ Anti-ship missile - Harpoon

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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○ Anti-aircraft missile

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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○ Mine

Submarine Launched Mobile Mine (SLMM)

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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○ Torpedo decoy

- Floating type, navigator type

Submarine Systems

Submarine Systems


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○ UNMANNED UNDER- WATER VEHICLE(UUV)

- shallow sea forward searching- Mine search & removal

Submarine Systems

Design and Building


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Countries who

can design and

build submarine

Design and Building

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Country Shipbuilder

USA❍ General Dynamics - General Dynamics, Groton❍ NewPort News SB - Newport News Shipbuilding

UK ❍ BAE – Submarine Solution

Germany❍ HDW - Howaldtswerke, kiel❍ GSC - German Submarine Consortium (Comprising Hdw and Thyssen)

France❍ DCN - DCN, Cherbourg Naval Dockyard

❍ Cherbourg - Cherbourg Dockyard

Russia

❍ Servmash - Severodvinsk❍ Severodvinsk - Severodvinsk 492 Shipyard❍ Komsomolsk - Komosomolsk

❍ Admiralty Yard - Admiralty Yard, St Petersburg❍ Nizhny Novgorod - Nizhny Novgorod, Gorky

China❍ Huludao SY - Huludao Shipyard

❍ Wuhan SY - Wuhan Shipyard

Japan❍ Mitsubishi - Mitsubishi, Kobe❍ Kawasaki - Kawasaki, Kobe

North Korea❍ Sinpo shipyard / Sang-O class❍ Yukdaeso-ri shipyard / Yugo class

Sweden ❍ Kockums - Kockums, Malmo / Gotland class

Netherland ❍ RDM - Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij, Rotterdam / Walrus class

Italy ❍ Fincantieri - Fincantieri, Monfalcone / Sauro class

TotalDesign and Building capable countries 11 EA

Design and Building capable shipbuilders 21 EA

Refer to Jane’s

Underwater warfare

System (’07-’08)


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Design and Building


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❏Submarine development procedure

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Design and Building

Design and Building


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❏Comparison of designing

Korean type Germany US UK

Feasibility StudyTactical Technical

Requirement study Feasibility AndConcept Design

Concept

studiesConcept design Pre-feasibility Phase

Basic

design

Preliminarydesign

FeasibilityPhase

PreliminaryDesign Phase

FeasibilityPhase

Contract

design

Definition

Phase

Contract

Design Phase

Design forBuild

Detail design/

shipbuilding

Detail Design andConstruction

Phase

Detail Design

And ConstructionPhase

ProductionDesign

1) U.S. Navy Design Process and Construction2) Concepts in Submarine Design(UCL)

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Design and Building

Design and Building


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❏ Major contents by each step of design

Feasibility Study

Contents

Concept

& Period

○ Specification and building alternatives are deduced for new

building requirement, based on initial operation performance

○ Required period : 6 ~ 12 months

Action

item

○ Development trend

○ Space / general placement

○ Submarine size estimation

○ Required engine speed○ Shape and material review

○ Propulsion system

○ Alternatives deduction

○ Detection & weapon system

○ Weight estimation

○ Procurement plan & budget

Result ○ Feasibility Study review report & drawings

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Design and Building

Design and Building


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Concept design

Contents

Concept &

Period

○For ROC confirmation/ Top Level Requirement (TLR) writing,

select optimistic hull form based on the alternatives which is

deduced from feasibility study step.

On this step, rough design solution is provided about technical

issues and guideline for basic design

○ Required period : 6 ~ 12 months

Action

item

○ Concept of design, ship size estimation, hull form design,

general arrangement

○ Stability, special performance, propulsion system, combatsystem

○ Major equipment list, required budget estimation, etc.

Result○ Requirement for Operational Capabilities (ROC), Top Level

Requirement (TLR)

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es g a d u d g

Design and Building


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Basic design

Contents

Concept &

Period

○ Design for TLR requirement and generate the specification,

performance, armament, equipment arrangement, equipment

specification, system integration, drawing for detail design & building

contract, building cost, etc. In the result, TLS is made

○ Period : 3 ~ 4years

Action item

○ Ship dimensions & hull form decision : model test in parallel

○ Various systems design/arrangement and performance review

○ Criteria for specific performance and analysis

○ Crew living quarter design○ GFE/CFE specification decision

○ Official design review

Result ○ Top Level Specification(TLS), Building Specification

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g g

Design and Building


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Detail design/shipbuilding

Contents

Concept &

Period

○ Stage of generating detailed technical data and making detailed

working plan for shipbuilding & equipment arrangements based on

basic design

○ Period : 3 ~ 6years

Action

item

○ Detail design and ship building plan establishment

○ Major equipment installation scheme review and decision

○ Materials supply plan and quantity estimation

○ Integrated logistics support plan

○ Pressure hull detail structure modeling

○ Test and Evaluation Plan

○ Various systems design, etc.

Result ○ Detail report/construction drawing for building, operation manuals

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Design and Building


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❏Submarine WBS(Work Breakdown Structure)

Submarine

Set based on MIL-HDBK-881A and US Navy SWBS(Ship Work Breakdown Structure)

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g g

0000System

integration

1000Hull

structure

2000Propulsion

system

3000Electric system

4000Command &detection sys.

5000 Auxiliary

system

6000Outfittingsystem

7000Weaponsystem

• Systemperformance

• Configuration

management

• Quality

assurance

• Hull form

• ILS

• Shell plate

• Pressure hull

• BHD

structure

• Foundation

• Propulsionsystem

• Generator,

Propeller sys.

• Propulsion

Auxiliary

• Powergenerator sys.

• Electric

supply sys.

• Ship control

& watch sys.

• Command &control sys.

• Navigation

sys.

• Communicati

on

• Underwaterdetection sys.

• General Auxiliary sys.

• Air

regeneration

• Sea water

sys.

• Clean water

sys.

• Ship control

sys.

• Generaloutfitting sys.

• Hull Outfitting

• Living

quarter

• Guidedmissile

• Mine

• Torpedo

Design and Building


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❏Hull structure technology status and development trend

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Status Development

Pressure hullmaterial

Hull structuredesign

• High Yield Strength Steel

(HY-80, 100)

• High Strength Low AlloySteel (HLES)

• Nonmagnetic s teel

(titanium)

• Theoretical calculation of

steel plates

• Stress concentration part

FEM analysis

• High Yield Strength

Steel (HY-130)※

Considering submerged

depth, operating area and

Workability

• FEM analysisexpansion

Category

g g

Design and Building


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❏Hull structure technology status

Safety Factor

• Calculation depth / Maximum diving depth: 1.5 – 2.0

Hull Material

• To minimize weight of pressure hull, steel strength is increased

• High Yield Steel is used

• HY-80, HY-100, HY-130

• High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) applying is increased

– Pre-Heating is unnecessary, cost saving

• Research on composite material application

– The case using Titanium on the former Soviet Union’s submarine

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• The former Soviet Union’s Alfa class (1977 built)

- made of Titanium

- dive available to maximum 1300m

g g

Design and Building


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❏ Acoustic Stealth Technology Status

Underwater radiated noise level of advanced countries is

decreasing 10dB by 10years

Underwater radiated noise of submarine tends to decrease 10dB

by additional displacement of 1,000 ton

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Design and Building


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❏ Acoustic Stealth Technology Status

Category Technical status Development trend

Underwater

radiated noise,

Sonar self-noise,

ship internal noise,

etc.

• Low noise machines installation

• Complex multi vibration isolation

system (Raft,. Elastic platform)

• Acoustic enclosure

• Elastic mount• Hull coating (damping increase)

• Active mount applied

• Research on magnetic

levitation vibration isolation

system application

• Research on active controlsubmarine noise

Acoustic Target

Strength

• Shape design

• Anechoic coating material applied

• Passive + active anechoic

coating material

development in research

(Raft) (Acoustic enclosure)

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g g

Design and Building


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g g

Submarine Noise

Passive Sonar

Active Sonar

Radiated noise from mechanical noise sources

Radiated noise from propeller

Flow noise

Target strength

Design and Building


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Machinery noise

decrease scheme

Underwater noise

insulation coating

Mount

Common bed

Vibration isolation

Acoustic shielding

Sound absorption

Fluid noise decrease scheme

Streamlined design

Minimize the size & q’ ty of the Openings

Propeller noise decrease scheme

Singing : Processing on blade edge, High DampingMaterial

Increase number of blades, highly Skewed Propeller

Design and Building


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❏Non-acoustic stealth, shock, etc technology status

Underwater electromagnetic technology• Non-magnetic hull development, in applying

• Deperming & Degaussing System applied

• Expanded application to permanent magnetic field & AC electromagnetic

field decreasing

RCS minimization : minimized RCS design on major mast

Minimize IR detection : Exhaust gas cooling equipment

Shock

• Design for underwater explosion

• Equipment & crew protection design

• Some advanced countries conducted real shock test – Shock design verification & crew training

• By installation COTS Equipment, anti-shock design required

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Design and Building


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❏Safety concept

Safety Factor

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Design and Building


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❏Submarine building process

Design and Building


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Design and Building


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Design and Building


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Design and Building


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❏Korean submarine type

Dolphin class small submarine

209 class submarine

214 class submarine

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Development Trend


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❏Structure development trend

Larger

Deeper depth

Maximized diving duration

Low noise

Various weapon installation & integration

Improved detection & information process capability

Littoral operations capability

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Development Trend


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❏Submarine technology development trend

Continuous increase of stealth

• Improved diving duration ability => Application AIP, next

generation battery development

• Improved stealth performance => Noise decrease measures,

coatings, low noise shape, etc.

• Increased submerged depth => High tension steel development Hull with sensors & intelligent combat management system

Weapon diversification & maximize precision strike ability

• Land attack/Anti-aircraft guided missile

• Unmanned underwater vehicle, etc.

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Terima KasihQ & A

Partner of Submarine ToT for Indonesia

Introduction to Submarine Design Concept 0807

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