Introduction to Streaming Video
Transcript of Introduction to Streaming Video
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Introduction toStreaming Video
Eric SmithAssistant Director
Information Security & NetworkingBucknell University
This is an interactive session: please connect your laptop to the bucknell_guests wireless network.
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What is Streaming Video?
Goal: to replicate typical TV broadcasts.
A copy of the content is not (should not) readily obtained by the client.
Playback begins immediately (almost… after buffering).
Transmission of digital audio and videoacross a data network.
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Challenges
In streaming video, you have to address diverse:
>> Operating Systems>> Bandwidth>> Browsers >> Media Players>> Media Codecs >> Users
TV is easy:Everyone has the same Channel 3.
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Patron location is not fixed – local versus remote. No control over clients’ hardware or software.
>> Present both high and low bandwidth options.>> Include tools to help the user decide
which option to use.>> Use an operating system-agnostic stream.
The Institutional Repository (IR) Audience
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Approaches to Streaming Video
HTTP: File Download
Streaming Media Servers
Hybrids
Multicast
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HTTP “Streaming”: File Download
.AVI (.MOV, etc.) file on a webserver
Client plays the downloaded file
File is saved to theclient’s hard drive
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HTTP “Streaming”: File Download
Client obtains a full copy of the media file.
Client machine must download entire file before playback begins
Easy – Just put the AVI on your webserver.
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HTTP “Streaming”: Demo
Test with audience
Copy AVI to webserver
http://www.bucknell.tv/demos
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Approaches to Streaming Video
HTTP: File Download
Streaming Media Servers
Hybrids
Multicast
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Streaming Media Servers
Each client’s connection is negotiated with the server on an individual basis
Windows Media (and QuickTime / Real / etc.)
Able to stream live events
You already own the software: Included as part of Window Server 2003/2008
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Streaming Media ServersWindows Media Services
Files to be streamed must be in a compatible WMV formatClients must use a compatible version of WMP
Mac / Linux users are problematic*
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Streaming Media Servers: DemoWindows Media Services
Convert source video to WMV
Create publishing point
Test with audience
ffmpeg –b 2000k -i /uploads/StarTrekTOS-TheLightsOfZetar-Clip.avi -acodec wmav2 TrekClip.wmv
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Approaches to Streaming Video
HTTP: File Download
True Streaming
Hybrids
Multicast
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HTTP “Streaming” Hybrids
FLV file on a webserver
Playback begins~ immediately
Excess datacached to local disk
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HTTP “Streaming” Hybrids
Played
Downloaded
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HTTP Streaming Hybrids Demowww.bucknell.tv
Upload source video to server
Convert to FLV
Test with audience
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Approaches to Streaming Video
HTTP: File Download
True Streaming
Hybrids
Multicast
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Multicast Video
Stream is duplicated and distributed by the network
Single AV streamsent to a
multicast IP address
Clients join themulticast group
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Multicast: Digital CATV Equipment
MPEG2 Encoder
Set-Top Box (STB)
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BUTV: Bucknell University’s Digital Cable TV
Bucknell
D&E Communications
SubscriptionCATV
Foreign Language &Special Events
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BUTV: Bucknell University’s Digital Cable TV
D&E Communications Datacenter
State College, PA
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Multicast Video: Pros and Cons
Requires multicast-aware routers and switches
High bandwidth, broadcast-quality streams
Very efficient use of network bandwidth
Inefficient for single-viewer applications
Disastrous to wireless networks
Does not work across the Internet
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Multicast Demo
Obtain packet capture
Re-transmit the packets
Test with a BUTV set-top box
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Automating the Process: www.bucknell.tv
Archival VideoIn IR
FLV Transcoder
Streaming FlashVideo
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Streaming Video: Bandwidth Issues
Streaming Server [n]
200Mb
320x240 30FPS stream ~500k
Max of 200 clients assuming 50% load
Internet
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The tubes are full: Akamai to the rescue
34,000 Servers – 70 Countries – 900 NetworksBucknell hosts 5 Akamai servers
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The tubes are full: Akamai to the rescue
34,000 Servers – 70 Countries – 900 NetworksBucknell hosts 5 Akamai servers
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The tubes are full: Akamai to the rescue
34,000 Servers – 70 Countries – 900 NetworksBucknell hosts 5 Akamai servers
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Akamai and Streaming Video
Content is served by the closest Akamai server.All major ISPs host Akamai cache servers.
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Akamai Streaming Video: Case StudyPatron connecting from a Time-Warner Cable Modem
Streaming directly to Bucknell:41ms Latency24 Router Hops
Streaming through Akamai:10 ms Latency7 Router Hops
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Akamai Demowww.bucknell.tv/demos
Upload source video to server
Convert to FLV
Upload to Akamai
Prepare HTML Container
Test with Audience
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References and Resources:
VLC: www.videolan.orgVirtualDub: www.virtualdub.org
FFMPEG: sourceforge.net/projects/ffmpegUbubtu: www.ubuntu.com
Medibuntu: www.medibuntu.orgSWFObject: http://code.google.com/p/swfobject
Akamai: www.akamai.comPSKL: www.pskl.us
Thank you for your attention. Questions?
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Appendix A: Archival Formats & Key Frames