Introduction to Storage Tanks & Tank internals
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Transcript of Introduction to Storage Tanks & Tank internals
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A Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECT
FacultySusobhan Sahoo
PNM-CG
Prepared byProduction-CG Team
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GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECTA Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
Petroleum products are classified according to their closed cup Flash Points as
given below:
Class-A :Liquids which have flash point below 23oC.
Class-B : Liquids which have flash point of 23oC and above but below 65 oC.
Class-C : Liquids which have flash point of 65oC and above but below 93 oC.
Excluded :Liquids which have flash point of 93oC and above.
Liquefied gases including LPG do not fall under this classification but form
separate category.
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TYPES OF TANKS
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Fixed roof tanks (Cone roof / Dome roof)
Floating roof tanks
Fixed cum floating roof tanks
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FIXED ROOF TANK
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Flammable
or
Combustible
liquid
Head space
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CONE ROOF TANK / DOME ROOF TANK
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FLOATING ROOF TANK
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Liquid in storage
Floating Roof
Seals
(Primary &
Secondary)
Foam dam
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FLOATING ROOF TANK
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FIXED CUM FLOATING ROOF TANK
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Product in storage
Floating roof
Head space
External fix roof
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FIXED CUM FLOATING ROOF TANK
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EXTERNALS & INTERNALS OF TANKS
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Tank Dyke
Surface drain
Stair case
Tank Pad
Shell manhole
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EXTERNALS & INTERNALS OF TANKS
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Inlet line or receiving line
Out let line or pump suction line
Inter tank transfer line / Jet mixing line
Heel stripping line
Siphon drain
Cleanout door
Shell manhole
Steam Coil & condensate line
Datum Plate
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EXTERNALS & INTERNALS OF TANKS
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Gauge platform
Tank gauging instrument
Spark proof gauge hatch with steeling well
PV valves
Goose neck
Rolling ladder / Rolling ladder wheel
Automatic bleeder vent
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EXTERNALS & INTERNALS OF TANKS
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Roof drain assembly
Emergency roof drain
Leg support
Roof seal system
Roof manhole
Roof pontoons
Earthing cable
Foam dam
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EXTERNALS & INTERNALS OF TANKS
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECTA Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
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FIXED ROOF TANK
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECTA Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
Vent line
Dip Hatch PipeDip Hatch
Receiving Line
Inter tank transfer line
Recirculation Line
Heel stripping line
Pump suction line
Man Hole
Clean Out Door
Datum Plate
Syphonic drain line
Fixed Roof
Valve are MOV, ROSOV
Pump
Legend Drain Funnel
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FLOATING ROOF TANK
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Dip Hatch PipeDip Hatch
Receiving Line
Inter tank transfer line
Recirculation Line
Heel stripping line
Pump suction line
Emergency Roof drain
Roof Drain Breathing valveFloating Roof
Man Hole
Clean Out Door
Datum Plate
Syphonic drain line
Pontoon Box
Ream Seal
Valve are MOV, ROSOV
Pump
Legend
Roof drain Flexible Hose Pipe
Maintenance &
Operation Leg
PRV
Drain Funnel
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FIXED CUM FLOATING ROOF TANK
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECTA Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
Vent line
Dip Hatch PipeDip Hatch
Receiving Line
Inter tank transfer line
Recirculation Line
Heel stripping line
Pump suction line
Emergency Roof Drain
Breathing valve
Floating Roof
Man Hole
Clean Out Door
Datum Plate
Syphonic drain line
Pontoon Box
Ream Seal
Fixed Roof
Valve are MOV, ROSOV
Pump
LegendDrain Funnel
PRV
Maintenance & Operation Leg
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TANK COMPONENTS
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Co-flex type Roof drain Roof Drain- NRV
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TANK COMPONENTS
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Breather ventEmergency Roof drain
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TANK COMPONENTS
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Roof Manhole Roof to Tank Ladder
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TANK COMPONENTS
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Pontoon Box PVRV
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TANK COMPONENTS
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Jet mixer Drain Sump
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STORAGE TANK CAPACITY
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Gross Capacity: Capacity of the tank up to the maximum safe filling height of
the tank.
Nominal Capacity: Geometric volume of the tank from bottom up to curb
angle in case of fixed roof tanks and the underside of the roof deck up to the
maximum floating position of floating roof in case of floating roof tanks.
Net Capacity: Net pumpable capacity of the tank during operation after
subtracting the volume of the tank bottom contents up to the top of normalpump out nozzle from safe filling capacity of the tank.
Dead stock: Product that remains in the tank at a point where the pump
suction fails.
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LAYOUT OF TANKS AS PER OISD-118
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The tank height shall not exceed one and half times the diameter of the
tank or 20 mwhichever is less.
The minimum distance between a tank shell and the inside toe of the dyke
wall shall not be less than half the height of the tank.
In a dyked enclosure where more than one tank is located, firewalls of
minimum height 600mmshall be provided.
The height of tank enclosure dyke (including free board) shall be at least
1.0 mand shall not be more than 2.0 mabove average inside grade level.
Dyked enclosure shall be able to contain the complete contents of the
largest tank in the dyke in case of any emergency.
A group of small tanks each not exceeding 9 meters in diameter and in all
not exceeding 5000 M3
in capacity shall be treated as one tank for the
provision of firewall.
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DYKED ENCLOSURE
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Aggregate capacity of tanks located in one dyked enclosure shall
not exceed following values:
60,000 cum. for a group of fixed roof tanks.
120,000 cum. for a group of floating roof tanks
Fixed cum floating roof tanks shall be treated as fixed roof tanks
If a group of tanks contains both fixed and floating roof tanks, then it shall
be treated as a group of fixed roof tanks for the purpose of above limits.
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DYKED ENCLOSURE
PARADEEP REFINERY PROJECTA Sunrise Project for a Sunshine Future
Separation distances between the nearest tanks located in separate dykes
shall not be less than the diameter of the larger of the two tanks or 30
m, whichever is more.
Class-A and / or Class-B petroleum may be stored in the same-dyked
enclosure. Class-C petroleum should preferably be stored in separate
enclosure.
Excluded petroleum shall be stored in a separate dyked enclosure andshall not be stored along with Class-A, Class-B or Class-C petroleum.
Tanks shall be arranged in maximum two rows so that each tank is
approachable from the road surrounding the enclosure.
Tanks having 50,000 m3capacity and above shall be laid in single row.
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INTER-DISTANCE BETWEEN TANKS
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Floating roof tanks (Class A & B) : Dia upto 50M or more = (D+d)/4
Fixed roof tanks (Class A & B) : Dia upto 50M = (D+d)/4
Fixed roof tanks (Class A & B) : Dia more than 50M or more = (D+d)/3
Distance between Class C tanks: Dia upto 50M = (D+d)/6
C G
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REFERENCE HEIGHT
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Datum height: Height of datum plate from bottom of tank
Safe filling height: Height from datum plate up to safe filling capacity
Reference height: Height from datum plate to a reference mark at dip hatch
Calibration chart: To calculate volume with respect to height of tank
Tank Factor: Approx volume of tank per cm height
REFERENCE HEIGHT
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REFERENCE HEIGHT
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SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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Sprinkler system
Foam System
Rim seal fire protection system
High volume long range monitor (HVLRM)
Double headed hydrant monitor
Medium expansion foam generator
Gas detection system -CCTV
Flame detection system
SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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Foam Pourer Rim seal fire protection
SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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SAFETY SYSTEMS OF TANKS
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HVLRMSprinkler
ELECTRICAL & INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM TANKS
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ELECTRICAL & INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM - TANKS
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Electrical system:
Cathodic protection (CP) system
Earthing System
Bonding (Shell to ladder & Roof to ladder)
Instrumentation system:
Level transmitter (Servo & Radar)
Temperature Transmitter
ELECTRICAL & INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM TANKS
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ELECTRICAL & INSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM - TANKS
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DRAINING SYSTEM OF TANKS
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DRAINING SYSTEM OF TANKS
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Draining System:
Oily water system (OWS)
Contaminated rain water system (CRWS)
Storm water system / open drain
DRAINING SYSTEM OF TANKS
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DRAINING SYSTEM OF TANKS
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Storm
Water
Pond
CRWS
sump
OWS
sumpWWTP
Tank dyke
Surface Drain
Siphon drain
Roof drainValve Pit Sand trap
Stormw
aterchan
nel/opendrain
Tank
DOs and DONTs
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DOs and DONTs
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Un-authorized entry restricted.
Do not carry mobile phone inside Refinery/ tank farm area.
Always use proper PPEs.
Watch your steps and use handrails.
Maintain good housekeeping.
In case of any abnormalities inform control room immediately.
Maintain clear and proper communication with control room.
Sampling and water draining has to be done in presence of authorized
persons.
Never leave water draining from tanks without isolating drain isolation
valve.
Do not allow tank dip to increase beyond safe filling height of the tank.
DOs and DONTs
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DO s and DON Ts
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Proper line up to be checked before receiving or pumping out to/from a
tank.
Tank dip showing in instrument is to be cross checked by manual dipping
intermittently.
Check tank level depletion/increase by comparing with receiving/pumping
out rate.Use proper tools & tackles.
Do not allow any job(both HOT & COLD) with out clearance in work permit
system
Always be aware of up-wind direction and emergency exit.
Break glass of nearest manual call point during fire.
Be aware of siren codes and assembly point
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QUERIES
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