Introduction to Storage Infrastructure

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Introduction to StorageInfrastructure


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Outline

Typical San Setup Storage Networking Components

Block devices, Char devices

Disk based devices (HDD, JBOD, RAID) Tape Drives and Libraries

Storage Lab Visit


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Typical SAN SetupLINUX Servers with Qlogic

/ Emulex HBAsSunFire V240

with Qlogic HBAs

IBM FastT200

FC-SANBrocade SAN Switch (3200) Brocade SANSwitch (3800)

Windows server withQlogic / Emulex HBAs

Tape Library StorageTek /

Quantum

McData / CNT switch

LSI ProFibre JBOD

Serial ATA


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Storage Networking Components

Cables and connectors

Gigabit Link Model (GLM) Gigabit Interface Converters (GBIC) Media Interface Adapters (MIA) Adapters Extenders

Multiplexers Hubs Routers Bridges

Gateways Switches Directors


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Side Bar - Block and Character Devices

All I/O devices are classified as either

block orcharacter (raw) devices.

The block special device causes the I/O to

be buffered in large pieces.

The character (raw) device causes I/O to

occur one character (byte) at a time.

Some devices, such as disks and tapes,

can be both block and character devices,

and must have entries for each mode.

Terminals operate in character mode.


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In Unix all physical devices are accessed

via device files; they are what programsuse to communicate with hardware. Files

hold information on location, type, and

access mode for a specific device. Device files are found in the/devdirectory.

The first entry in the permission field

indicates eitherb-->block, orc-->character.


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So what about a device that could be

accessed in character or block mode?

How many device files would it have?

One.

Two.

There are no such devices.
http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/a.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/b.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/c.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/c.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/b.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/a.html


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InterconnectsLINUX Servers with Qlogic


with Qlogic HBAs

IBM FastT200




Quantum

McData / CNT switch

LSI ProFibre JBOD

Serial ATA


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Storage Networking Components HBA A Host Bus Adapter is a card that connects data peripherals and

server host buses like PCI. A software device driver for each

model of HBA is required by the operating system. Types: FC and GigE

QLogic, Emulex, McData

Storage Networking ComponentsHBA


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Storage Networking ComponentsCables - FC


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Storage Networking Components - Cables

Similar to parallel SCSI and traditional

networking, there are different types of cables ofvarious lengths for use in a Fiber Channelconfiguration.

Two types of cables are supported: copper andoptical (fiber).

Copper cables are used for short distance (up to30m) and can be identified by their DB9 (9-pin)connector.

Fiber cables come in two distinct types: Multi-

Mode fiber (MMF) for short distances (up to2km) and Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) for longerdistances (up to 10km).


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Storage Networking Components Switches

Types: FC & Ethernet

Cisco, Brocade,

McData

Storage Networking ComponentsSwitches


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Storage Networking ComponentsSwitches

Used for interconnecting large numbers of

devices, increasing bandwidth, reducingcongestion, and providing aggregate throughput.

When a Fiber Channel switch is implemented ina SAN, the network is referred to as a fabric, or

switched fabric. Each device is connected to aport on the switch, enabling an on-demandconnection to every connected device.

Various FC switch offerings support both fabric

and/or loop connections. As the number ofdevices increases, multiple switches can becascaded for expanded access.


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Disk Based DevicesLINUX Servers with Qlogic


with Qlogic HBAs

IBM FastT200




Quantum

McData / CNT switch

LSI ProFibre JBOD

Serial ATA


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Disk Based Devices - HDD

Hard Drives

Interface: IDE, USB, SCSI, FC

Seagate, IBM, Maxtor,

Capacity: 20- 180 GB

Data Transfer Rate: over 100MB/s


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Disk Based Devices

Disk Based Devices

JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks)/Spanning

RAID (Redundant Array of

Inexpensive/Independent Disks)


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Disk Based Devices JBOD


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JBOD can be thought of as the opposite ofpartitioning: while partitioning chops singledrives up into smaller logical volumes,

JBOD combines drives into larger logicalvolumes.

It provides no fault tolerance, nor does itprovide any improvements in performance

compared to the independent use of itsconstituent drives.


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Advantages:

Avoiding Drive Waste: If you have a number ofodd-sized drives, JBOD will let you combine them

into a single unit without loss of any capacity

Easier Disaster Recovery: If a disk in a RAID 0

volume dies, the data on every disk in the array isessentially destroyed because all the files are

striped; if a drive in a JBOD set dies then it may be

easier to recover the files on the other drives (but

then again, it might not, depending on how theoperating system manages the disks.)


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Disk Based Devices RAID


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Disk Based DevicesSingle RAID Levels

Level 0: Provides data striping(spreading out

blocks of each file across multiple disks) but noredundancy. This improves performance but

does not deliver fault tolerance.

Level 1:

Provides disk mirroring.

Level 2: Bit-level striping with Hamming codeECC.

Level 3: Same as Level 0, but also reserves one

dedicated disk for error correction data. Itprovides good performance and some level of

fault tolerance.


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Disk Based DevicesSingle RAID Levels

Level 4: Block-level striping with dedicated

parity.

Level 5: Provides data striping at the bytelevel and also stripe error correction

information. This results in excellentperformance and good fault tolerance.

Level 6: Block-level striping with dual

distributed parity. Level 7: Asynchronous, cached striping

with dedicated parity.


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Disk Based DevicesNested RAID Levels

Nested RAID levels typically provide better

performance characteristics than either ofthe single RAID levels that comprise them.

The most commonly combined level is

RAID 0, which is often mixed withredundant RAID levels such as 1, 3 or 5 to

provide fault tolerance while exploiting the

performance advantages of RAID 0.

T D i


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Tape DevicesLINUX Servers with Qlogic


with Qlogic HBAs

IBM FastT200




IBM/Adic

McData / CNT switch

LSI ProFibre JBOD

Serial ATA

Tape Drive StorageTek /

HP/IBM


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Basic Storage Devices

Tape Drives

Interfaces: SCSI, FC,

FICON, ESCON

StorageTek, IBM, HP, Native Media Capacity: 20 -

200 GB

Native Data Transfer Rate:

10 35 MB/s Archival Life: 15 30 years

Tape Drives


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Composite Storage Devices Tape Library

Combination of Tape Drives, slots

and Media.

Includes robotic infrastructure for

movement of media between slots

and drives.

Capacity: Up to 90PB Number of cartridge slots: Up to

30 - 30,000

Number of drives: 2 - 2,048

StorageTek, IBM, Adic

Tape Library

Th k


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Visit To the StorageInfrastructure Lab

Introduction to Storage Infrastructure

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