Introduction to SPSS Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM [email protected] 750-4169
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Transcript of Introduction to SPSS Allen Risley Academic Technology Services, CSUSM [email protected] 750-4169
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Introduction to SPSS
Allen RisleyAcademic Technology Services, [email protected]
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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SPSS Workshop Agenda
• Layout of the Program• Adding Data to SPSS• Preparing Data for Analysis• Creating New Variables• Descriptive Data Analysis• Working with SPSS Output
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Layout of the SPSS Program
• SPSS Program Windows
• Menus and Toolbars
• SPSS Options
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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SPSS Program Windows• SPSS Program Windows– Data Editor
• Data View• Variable View
– Output Viewer– Syntax Editor
• File Types– Data: filename.sav– Output: filename.spo– Commands: filename.sps
• Menus and Toolbars
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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SPSS Options• Users can set options to make
program easier to use• Edit menu– Choose Options– On General Tab:
• Display Names & File• h Record Syntax… & Temp. Dir.
– H:\
– On Viewer Tab:• h Display Commands in the Log
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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More SPSS Options– Output Labels Tab
• For Pivot Table Labeling:– Variables in labels shown as
Names and Labels– Variable values in labels shown
as Values and Labels
– Pivot tables Tab• For Tablelook:
– Choose Academic (narrow).tlo
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Adding Data to SPSS
• Use Syntax to Read an Existing Data File
• In-line Data in a Syntax File
• The SPSS Text Import Wizard
• Data Entry in the SPSS Data Editor
• Import from Excel
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Loading Data Using Text Wizard• The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:– File Menu:
• Read Text Data– In Open Data box, enter:
C:\SPSS\grades.txt– Step 1: choose No, Next– Step 2: choose Fixed
Width, No, Next– Step 3: use defaults: Next– Step 4: use defaults: Next
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Loading Data Using Text Wizard• The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:– Step 5: Use these names
and formats:• V1: ID, Numeric• V2: Gender, String• V3: Test1, Numeric• V4: Test2, Numeric• V5: Test3, Numeric• Click on Next
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Loading Data Using Text Wizard• The SPSS Text Import
Wizard:– Step 6: choose No, Yes
• The Yes will open a syntax window with the text of a GET DATA command
– Click on Finish– In the Syntax window
choose the Run Menu• Choose All
– This creates an SPSS data file with the contents of grades.txt
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Loading Data Using Syntax• You can re-use a syntax
file by opening it and running it– File menu
• Open– Syntax…
• You can open a blank syntax window to type in your own commands– File menu
• New– Syntax…
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Other Ways to Load Data• Data Entry in the SPSS
Data Editor
• Import from Excel– File Menu:
• Open– Data
– In Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.xls
– Click OK for defaults
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Preparing Data for Analysis
• Variable Formats
• Variable Labels
• Value Labels
• Missing Values
• Copying Data Propertieshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Formatting Your Variables• Variable Formats– Click on the Variable View
tab of the Data Editor to edit or display formats• Name • Type • Width• Decimals • Label • Values • Missing • Columns • Align • Measure
• Variable Labels – – Type in descriptive text
that explains what the variable measures
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Formatting Your Variables (cont.)• Value Labels – Text that
explains what numeric values stand for– Click in the cell of the Value
column for your variable, enter a Value and Label, click Add
• Missing Values – Defines values that should not be included in calculations– Click in the cell of the Missing
column for the variable, choose either Discrete… or Range… and enter the values
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Creating New Variables
• Collapsing Variables Using Recode
• Computing Variables
• Counting Values in Other Variables
• Ranking Cases
• Date and Time Variables
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Recoding Variables• Recoding renumbers or
collapses the values of a variable– Transform menu
• Recode into different variables
– Highlight variable(s) and move over with arrow
– Fill in a Name and Label for the new variable
– Click Old and New Values
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Recoding Variables
– Specify the Old Value• e.g., 90 through 100, 80
through 89, etc.– Specify a New Value
• e.g., 4 (for an A), 3(for a B), etc.
– Click on the Add button– Repeat until all old and new
values are specified– Old values can be defined as
single values, ranges or missing values
– Add value and variable labels, etc.
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Computing New Variables• Create new variables
using equations or functions– Transform menu
• Compute Variable– Enter a Target Variable
Name – e.g. TestAvg– Build a Numeric
Expression• E.g. – (Test1 + Test2 +
Test3)/3– Click OK
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Other Ways to Create Variables
• Counting Values in Other Variables
• Ranking Cases
• Date and Time Variables
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Descriptive Data Analysis
• FREQUENCIES
• DESCRIPTIVES
• CROSSTABS
• MEANS
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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The FREQUENCIES Procedure• FREQUENCIES creates tables
with counts of cases for each value of the variable
• Analyze Menu:– Descriptive Statistics…
• Frequencies
• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK
• Statistics, Chart and Format options are available
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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FREQUENCIES Output1. Command syntax2. Summary statistics3. Variable values and
corresponding labels4. Frequency counts for
each value5. Percentages
1. Raw percent2. Valid percents3. Cumulative percents
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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The DESCRIPTIVES Procedure• DESCRIPTIVES creates
tables with summaries of values for variables
• Analyze Menu:– Descriptive Statistics…
• Descriptives
• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OK
• Options are available to choose different statistics
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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DESCRIPTIVES Output
1. Command syntax2. Variable name and
label3. Number of cases4. Statistics:– Minimum– Maximum– Mean– Standard Deviation
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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The CROSSTABS Procedure• CROSSTABS displays the
intersection of values of two or more variables
• Analyze Menu:– Descriptive Statistics…
• Crosstabs
• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Row, Column or Layer variable lists, then click OK
• Statistics, Cells and Format options are available
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Crosstabs Output1. Table title
2. Column variables
3. Row variables
4. Cell counts (# of cases)
5. Column percents (% of
cases in column)
6. Statisticshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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The MEANS Procedure• MEANS calculates overall
means and group means (defined by independent variables)
• Analyze Menu:– Descriptive Statistics…
• Means
• Highlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Dependent or Independent variable lists, then click OK
• Optional Statistics are available
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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MEANS Output
1. Command syntax2. Numbers of cases
included and excluded3. Dependent variable4. Independent (group)
variable5. Means6. Number of cases7. Standard Deviationshttp://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Working with SPSS Output
• Editing/Manipulating Tables
• Exporting Output to a File
• Copying and Pasting Output
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Editing SPSS Tables• SPSS Table objects can
be opened for editing before you use them elsewhere– Right-click on the table– SPSS Pivot Table Object– Either Edit or Open
• Text can be formatted, rows or columns removed, footnotes added, etc.
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Exporting SPSS Output to a File• SPSS output can be
exported to other programs
• Either entire output file, or selected tables
• Export to Word, HTML, Excel, Text, PDF, or PowerPoint
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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Copying and Pasting SPSS Output• To copy and paste SPSS
tables from SPSS to Word:– Right-click on the table– Choose Copy– Switch to Word– Click location in the
document– Choose Paste Special– Choose Picture
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
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On-line SPSS Resources at CSUSM
• Academic Technology Services is developing on-line resources for help with SPSS. Visit our SPSS page at:
– http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/
• E-mail Allen Risley at: [email protected]
http://courses.csusm.edu/resources/spss/