Introduction to Solar Energydelftxdownloads.tudelft.nl/ET3034TUx-SolarEnergy/Week1/... · 2014. 8....
Transcript of Introduction to Solar Energydelftxdownloads.tudelft.nl/ET3034TUx-SolarEnergy/Week1/... · 2014. 8....
Arno Smets
Introduction to Solar EnergySolar Light II
Week 1.6.2
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(Source: NASA)
Atmosphere~ 8,000km
Atmosphere
Earth’s Diameter12,800km
Solar Constant:Entry point into atmosphereIntensity ~ 1,350 W/m2
Wavelength (nm)
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
5800 K Blackbody Spectrum
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Sunlight Top of the Atmosphere
InfraredVisible
UV
Spe
ctra
l Po
wer
Den
sity
(W/m
2/n
m)
Extraterrestrial solar spectrum
Extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar spectrum
Wavelength (nm)
250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500
5800 K Blackbody Spectrum
Radiation at Sea Level
Absorption Bands
H2OCO2H2O
H2O
H2O
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Sunlight Top of the Atmosphere
InfraredVisible
UV
Spe
ctra
lIrr
adia
nce
(W/m
2/n
m)
H2O
O2
O3
4% 20% 6%Incoming SolarRadiation 100%
19% Absorbedby Atmosphereand Clouds
Reflected byAtmosphere
Reflected byClouds
51% Absorbed at Surface
Reflected fromSurface
Losses in Solar Radiation
Sunlight
Atmosphere
Sunlight
Air mass
YX
q
1
cAM
osq
Irradiance and spectral power density for AM1.5 2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00 00 500 1000 35001500
AM1.5
Irra
dia
nce
I (W
m-2
)
Wavelength (nm)
P(l
) (W
m-2
nm
-1)
2000 2500 3000 4000
200
400
600
800
1000
hc)(P)(l
ll
Spectral Photon Flux and Spectral PowerDensity
Photon Flux and Spectral Photon Flux
l
ll0
d)(
Relation Irradiance and spectral power density for AM1.5
5
4
3
2
1
00 500 1000 350
01500
AM1.5
Ph
oto
n flu
x (1
02
1s-1m
-2)
Wavelength (nm)
Spec
tral
ph
oto
n f
lux
(10
18s-1
m-2
nm
-1)
2000 2500 3000 4000
5
4
3
2
1
0
1 sun hour = 1 kWh/m2 = 1000 W/m2 x 1 hour
Solar irradiation on Earth
Nominal power Module 100 Wp
(power generated under 1000 W/m2, AM1.5)
Solar irradiation on Earth
The Netherlands: 2.7 sun hours/day/year
Solar irradiation on Earth
Output per day:
100 Wp x 2.7 sunhours =270 Wh Per year: 98.6 kWh
Solar irradiation on Earth
40003000200010005004003002001000.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Res
po
nse
[ar
bit
rary
un
its]
Wavelength [nm]
Clear Hazy Cloudy
figure 3: spectral shift in diffuse irradiance with sky type
UVB UVA Visible Infrared
Diffu
se R
adiatio
n
Glo
bal
, Dif
fuse
, Dir
ect,
Atm
osp
her
ic[W
/m2]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 05-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 05-03-2004
Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
UoutThermopile
Heatsink
Black Coating
Dome
Glo
bal
, Dif
fuse
, Dir
ect,
Atm
osp
her
ic[W
/m2]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 05-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 05-03-2004
Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
Glo
bal
, Dif
fuse
, Dir
ect,
Atm
osp
her
ic[W
/m2]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 230
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
BSRN-Station Lindenberg, 06-03-2004
Source: DWD, Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg
diurnal variation of irriadiance on 06-03-2004
Global Diffuse Direct Atmosphere
Hour [UTC]
`
(Source: NASA)