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INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL ARCHITECTURE T echnology I ntensive C oncurrent E nrollment MODULE 12 ELEVATIONS Slide 2 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.1 Introduction Elevations are the part of a set of drawings that shows the exterior of a building. Typically all four sides of a building are shown on the elevation plans. Each elevation view is an orthographic projection from the floor plan. Elevations are used to show vertical relationships including finish grade, floor lines, ceiling lines, foundation and footing depths, roof pitch, roof heights and chimney heights. Exterior finish materials are also shown on the elevation plan; they include roof coverings, wall coverings, doors and windows. Slide 3 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.2 Outcome Upon completion of this module you will be able to develop exterior elevations from a floor plan that shows the final appearance of a building including materials, height dimensions, and labeling, by completing the review questions, worksheets/ quizzes, application assignments and comprehensive module assessment. Slide 4 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.3 Objectives and Key Concepts 1.Demonstrate proper use of elevation terminology by completing matching quiz with a proficiency of 80%. 2.Correctly identify roof types, surface materials, and all elements of an elevation plan with a proficiency of 80% 3.Demonstrate understanding of materials, dimensions, methods, procedures with CAD or BIM software by producing four elevations for the course project house. Slide 5 MODULE 12 Elevations Key Concepts 1.What are the purposes of elevation plans? 2.Why are elevation plans important? 3.What is needed on an elevation plan? 4.How many elevations are typically needed? Name them 5.What different types of lines are used on elevations? 6.Roof coverings-What are your favorites? 7.Wall coverings-What are your favorites? 8.What type of windows do you like? 9.Gable vs Hip which do you like? 10.Who looks at the elevation plans? Slide 6 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic ExampleTermDefinition Elevation Drawing that is created from the floorplan as an orthographic projection showing the exterior features of a building. Finish Grade LineThe surface of the ground around the house. Used as the reference on Elevation drawings Bay WindowAny Window space extending outward from the walls of a building. They can be either square or polygonal on the floor plan. DormerAllows for natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor. ChimneyAn upright structure containing a flue that passes smoke and gasses from fireplaces, wood burning stoves etc. to the outside of the house. RidgeThe top edge of the roof where two slopes meet. Fascia Board A horizontal board nailed to the end or rafters or trusses to hide their ends. Slide 7 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic ExampleTerm (Figure 3.3)Definition Valley The internal angle formed by the junction of two sloping sides of a roof. Sky LightA window located on the roof. PitchThe slope of a roof usually expressed as a ratio. Hip Roof A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides (The fascia board stays horizontal) Gable RoofA type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure. (Fascia board is angled) Slide 8 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know (Roof coverings) As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic Example Term (Figure 3.3)Definition Asphalt Shingles They are one of the most widely used roofing covers because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly simple to install. Made from asphalt saturated felt with mineral granules Shake Shingles Wooden roof shingle made from spit logs Concrete or Ceramic Tile Roof covering made from fired clay tiles Metal Roof covering made from metal pieces or tiles. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_roof Slate Roof covering made up of slate tiles. Slate is a rock that has been split into thin layers Built up Typically usually flat or slightly sloped roof that is covered with a special material applied in sealed, waterproof layers. Slide 9 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know (Wall Coverings) As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic ExampleTerm (Figure 3.3)Definition Brick Veneer Non load bearing cosmetic wall covering using bricks and mortar. Stucco A coating applied to the outside of a structure, most commonly refers to plaster made with Portland cement. Cultured (synthetic) Stone (Rock) Cast stone is defined as "a refined architectural concrete building unit manufactured to simulate natural cut stone, used in unit masonry applications".... http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_stone Wainscot Surfacing on the lower part of a wall that is different from the rest of the wall. Siding: Vinyl, Wood, Aluminum The finish covering on the outside wall, can be made from many different materials and applied in different patterns and directions Louver Vent Roof Vent An opening in a gable or roof designed as to permit ventilation but exclude rain. Slide 10 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.4 Terms to Know (Windows) As you work through this module make sure you learn the definition and use of each of the words listed below. Graphic ExampleTerm (Figure 3.3)Definition Fixed (Picture) Window that does not move or open SlidingA window that opens by sliding horizontally Double or single hung A window that opens by sliding vertically CasementA window that is attached to its frame by one or more hinges Ca Awning A window that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of hopper windows. Hopper A windows that is hinged at the bottom and opens inward from the top - the reverse of awning windows. Center Pivot A windows that is hinged in the middle and opens d from the center JalousieA window which consists of parallel glass, acrylic, or wooden louvers set in a frame. The louvers are locked together onto a track, so that they may be tilted open and shut in unison, to control airflow through the window. Slide 11 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5 Introduction to Elevations What is an Elevation Drawing? What is the purpose of Elevation plans? What are the required elements of an Elevation? Who needs them? How do we draw them? Slide 12 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.1 What is an elevation drawing Orthographic projection of each side of the house What does that mean Floor plan Projection lines Front Elevation Rear Elevation Right Side ElevationLeft Side Elevation Slide 13 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.2 What is the purpose of an elevation drawing Show the finished exterior of the building Show Height dimensions Slide 14 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 What are the required elements needed Show all four sides- Show other views as necessary Identify specific sides Printed at a scale of =1-0 Slide 15 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements Horizontal Lines on an Elevation Finish Grade line Reference point for most elevations Top of foundation Floor line (Center line) Ceiling Line (Center Line) Bottom of foundation Bottom of footing Basement floor Garage foundation and footing Top of Windows and doors Ridge line Roof Slope symbol All lines below grade use a hidden line Slide 16 12.5.3 Required Elements Relay information MODULE 12 Elevations Any line below grade use a hidden line Brick Veneer (Interpace- Old english) Asphalt Shingles Tombstone louver Cultured Stone Precast decorative header over doors and windows Slide 17 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements Show vertical height dimensions Vertical height dimensions Frost Depth minimum 3 below grade line Top of foundation minimum 8 above grade line Slide 18 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.3 Required Elements Chimneys 2 above ridge line or 10 away from any slope Slide 19 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans Buyer/Owner Contractor Sub-Contractors Truss manufacturer Engineer Inspector/Plan check Others??? Slide 20 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans Quality control Look at first elevation Now look at second elevation what is missing? Click on the elevation for a short explanation Slide 21 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.4 Who needs Elevation plans Changing Elevations What changes were made End gables on left to hip on right Front gables on left Brick arch Partial wainscot with stucco on left full brick front on right Plans have been mirrored Click for narration Slide 22 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a Gable roof? A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the ridge of the structure. (Fascia board is angled) Slide 23 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What is a hip roof? A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides (The fascia board stays horizontal) Slide 24 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are dormers? Allows natural light and increases the amount of usable space above the main floor. May be decorative only Slide 25 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.5 Elevation Terminology What are skylights? Window in the roof that allows additional natural light into the house. Slide 26 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials (Masonry) Brick Veneer Stone Click on the arched window Slide 27 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials Stucco Cultured (synthetic) Stone Slide 28 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Surface Materials Siding Vinyl Aluminum Fiber cement Natural (wood) Slide 29 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Roof Coverings Asphalt shingles Slate Metal Tile Shake wood shingles Slide 30 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.6 Windows Can you find each of the windows on the left in the different pictures Slide 31 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.5.7 Interactive activity Exterior Exploration Using one of the websites below create an exterior design of your choice. Exterior Portfolio website James Hardie Exterior Design website Slide 32 MODULE 12 Elevations 12.7 Summary An Elevation is an orthographic projection from the floor plan An Elevation shows what the outside of the house looks like An Elevation shows vertical height dimensions usually on the front view 4 Elevations are usually shown on a set of plans Front, Rear, Right Side, Left Side Elevations are typically printed at = 1-0 Used to relay information- Heights, Roof and Wall coverings, Lines below finish grade are drawn using hidden lines Floor and Ceiling lines drawn using center lines Finish grade is used as a reference on an elevation