INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II (PAGES: 16-41)
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Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II (PAGES: 16-41)
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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II
(PAGES: 16-41)
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Definition: Shared patterns of learned behavior Components:
Beliefs Institutions Technology
REGIONS & CULTUREWhat people care about? What people take care of?
*Ethnicity- language, religion, traditions *Conflicts
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A wide-ranging and comprehensive field that studies spatial aspects of human cultures
Major components focus on:
Cultural Landscapes
Culture Hearths
Cultural Diffusion
Cultural Environments
Culture Regions
Not mutuallyexclusive - constantly
interacting witheach other
CULTURAL GEOGRAPHYA visible character of a region in many ways: architecture,forms of transportation, clothing of people, religion, etc.
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The composite of human imprints on the earth’s surface.
Carl Sauer’s definition: “the forms superimposed on the physical landscape by the activities of man”
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
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CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
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The source areas from which radiated ideas, innovations, and ideologies that change the world beyond
CULTURE HEARTH
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Church of the Nativity: Bethlehem
SEQUENT OCCUPANCE
E.J.PALKA
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A subfield within the human branch of geography
The study of the interaction of geographical area and political process
The spatial analysis of political phenomena and processes
POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
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World Political Boundaries (2007)
Fig. 1-2: National political boundaries are among the most significant elements of the cultural landscape
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A politically organized territory
Administered by a sovereign government
Recognized by a significant portion of the international community.
A state must also contain:
a permanent resident population
an organized economy
a functioning internal circulation system
STATEBoundaries (changes- Germany,Cold war), capital cities
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Must a nation be a
place?
Some examples of stateless nations: the Cherokee Nation, the Kurds, the Palestinians
NATION
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THE KURDS
KURDISH REGION
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A country whose population possesses a substantial degree of cultural homogeneity and unity
NATION - STATE
An Example of An Example of a Nation-State: a Nation-State:
JapanJapan
Other Examples?Other Examples?
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4 major clusters
1) East Asia 2) South Asia3) Europe 4) Eastern North America
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
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PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
Economic geographyEconomic conditions (World Bank’s groupings)
•High-Income•Upper-middle-income•Lower-middle-income•Low-income
Core areas versus peripheries
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PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
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PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT
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Symptoms of underdevelopment
High NIR Short life expectancy High IMR Low urban rates Low literacy rates Small income Poor health & sanitation National debt Mismanagement &
corruption
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Causes of contrast Climate & human capacity,
environmental degradation Overpopulation Cultural heritage- resistance to
change Colonial exploitation Neocolonialism & distribution
of natural resources High tariffs against the
products of poorer countries Foreign interference Mismanagement Globalization- positives and
negatives
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Globalization and terrorism
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Globalization- A New Revolution
The march of international capitalism, open market, and a free trade.
World Trade Organizations It simulates commerce,
brings jobs to remote places (US jobs).
Globalization in culture- Americanization
Negatives and positives
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INTRODUCTION TO REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY II
(PAGES: 16-41)