Introduction to Proposal Introduction to Proposal ArgumentsArguments

Scott HaleScott Hale

English 1213English 1213

Return to the Beginning…Return to the Beginning…

How it all starts with Language…How it all starts with Language… Definitions are the first step in Definitions are the first step in

KnowledgeKnowledge Definitions give way to EvaluationsDefinitions give way to Evaluations Evaluations give way to Ethical Evaluations give way to Ethical

determinationsdeterminations Ethics give way to Proposals...Ethics give way to Proposals...

Do the Right Thing…Do the Right Thing…

Proposals reflect our EthicsProposals reflect our Ethics Suggest what we Suggest what we shouldshould or or shouldn’tshouldn’t do do Call for the audience to Call for the audience to do somethingdo something----

to take to take actionaction Always couched in proposal terms...Always couched in proposal terms...

Kinds of Proposal ArgumentsKinds of Proposal Arguments

PracticalPractical

PolicyPolicy

Practical ProposalsPractical Proposals

Limited in scope/breadthLimited in scope/breadth

Local as opposed to globalLocal as opposed to global

– Scott’s English 1213 class should be more Scott’s English 1213 class should be more difficult…difficult…

Policy ProposalsPolicy Proposals

Greater scope/breadthGreater scope/breadth

Global as opposed to localGlobal as opposed to local

– All English 1213 classes at OU should be All English 1213 classes at OU should be more difficultmore difficult

Principles of Proposal Principles of Proposal ArgumentsArguments

All Proposal Arguments should do All Proposal Arguments should do 33 thingsthings– Identify a ProblemIdentify a Problem– Propose a SolutionPropose a Solution– Justify that Proposed SolutionJustify that Proposed Solution

Identifying the ProblemIdentifying the Problem

Convince the audience the problem Convince the audience the problem existsexists

Place problem in larger social context to Place problem in larger social context to show how everyone is affectedshow how everyone is affected

Presence=PathosPresence=Pathos

Proposing your SolutionProposing your Solution

How, What, Where, When, Why, and How, What, Where, When, Why, and Who…Who…

Going to NY…Going to NY… Go EastGo East Take I-35 to I-40…Take I-35 to I-40… Details, Details, Details…Details, Details, Details…

Justifying Your SolutionJustifying Your Solution

Compare/Contrast with Other SolutionsCompare/Contrast with Other Solutions Other Solutions that Address the Same Other Solutions that Address the Same

Problem…Problem…– My solution to solve hunger is better than My solution to solve hunger is better than

your solution to curb military spendingyour solution to curb military spending

Toulmin SchemaToulmin Schema

C: Corporal Punishment should be used in public C: Corporal Punishment should be used in public schoolsschools

R: b/c it will improve student disciplineR: b/c it will improve student discipline G: Corporal Punishment will improve student G: Corporal Punishment will improve student

disciplinediscipline– EV: Step by Step Plan and EvidenceEV: Step by Step Plan and Evidence

W: Anything that will improve student discipline is W: Anything that will improve student discipline is something that should be used in public schoolssomething that should be used in public schools

B: Evidence that student discipline is a problemB: Evidence that student discipline is a problem

Three Kinds of EvidenceThree Kinds of Evidence

Evidence that the problem existsEvidence that the problem exists Evidence that your solution will fix itEvidence that your solution will fix it Evidence that other solutions won’t fix it Evidence that other solutions won’t fix it

as wellas well