Introduction to programming

18/04/23 01:34 AM CSC Alliance — 1

Kimera RichardE-mail: [email protected]

Phone: 0701 437989INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGY

Intro to Computer Programming

http://Westechies.blogspot.comhttp://kimrichies.blogspot.com

MUST- ICS [email protected]

What is a program

A sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute;

If I tell you the way from ICS to Administration Block … I will tell sequence of instructions…. Any wrong instruction leads to a undesired result.

A program is something that runs on your computer. In case of MS Windows program is of .EXE or .COM extensions

MS Word, Power point, Excel are all computer programs


Discussion Question:

How advantageous is Computer Programming in relation to National development?


Programming Concepts

Data Types

Variables

Operators

Conditional Statements

Looping Statements

Functions and working with Files

Application programming Interfaces (API’s)

e.t.c


Data Types and Variables

Data Type: It is basically a scheme for representing data OR data storage location e.g Int, String, float, boolean, byte, e.t.c

A variable is a named data storage location in your computer's memory. By using a variable's name in your program, you are, in effect, referring to the data stored there.


Operators

Operators are symbols which take one or more operands or expressions and perform arithmetic or logical computations.

E.g +, -, *, /, %, =, ++, - -. ==, <, >, //, &&

Operands are variables or expressions which are used in conjunction with operators to evaluate the expression.

Combination of operands and operators form an expression.


Conditional Statements

If…else statement – Tests if a certain condition is true/ false and executes a given statement

Switch Statement – Similary works as the if..else statement


Looping Statements

Executes a certain condition and loops up to when the set condition is met

Examples of statement include;

While loop

Do…….while

Break and continue

goto

for


Functions/Methods

Functions/Methods are independent sections in a code that perform some specific task and optionally returns a value when called

The help break a complex problem or task into a smaller portions


Writing Computer Programs

A programmer uses an editor to create or modify files containing C code e.g Notepad, Codeblocks, Visual studio, Android studio, e.t.c

Code is also known as source code.

After a source file/Project has been created, the programmer must invoke the compiler before the program can be executed (run).

For advanced IDE’s(Integrated Drive Electronics), the program is compiled as you code.


Introduction to programming languages

Programming languages can be;

Server side languages Server side languages – Code is stored on the server and accessed by a clied basically through the browser. E.g php

Client side languages Client side languages – code can be stored on either the client or server e.g HTML

Interpreted languages Interpreted languages – Code will execute even if it contains errors, no compile is needed e.g HTML

Compiled languages Compiled languages – Code will not execute/run if the compile fails to understand some statements e.g C, Java

Any more???


Categories of Programming languages

Procedure languages Procedure languages – Follow a step by step program execution e.g C, C++, e.t.c

Object Oriented Programming languages Object Oriented Programming languages – Classes are used a data types for Objects.

Event Driven Languages- Event Driven Languages- The program runs basing on user actions, this is common in GUI programming. Events can be generated when a user clicks a button, touches the scroon, moves a mouse, types on the key board, etc. Examples… Java, Visual Basic, C++. OO Php

Scripting languages Scripting languages – light weight languages e.g php, python, javascript

Mobile programming language – Mobile programming language – Light weight languages that run on mobile devices e.g Android, windows OS, swift/Objective C, Symbian, WebOS, Blackberry OS.


Programming support Tools

Basic Editors e.g Notepad, Notepad ++

IDE’s (WYSIWYG) e.g Netbeans, Dreamweaver, Codeblocks

Content management systems e.g Joomla, Wordpress, Drupal, etc

Mockups – pencil, fireworks, etc


Example of program written in C

#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )

{

int value1, value2, product ;

printf(“Enter two integer values: “) ;

scanf(“%d%d”, &value1, &value2) ;

product = value1 * value2 ;

printf(“Product = %d\n”, product) ;

return 0 ;

}


Example of program written in Java

/* Sample Java Program */

public class Sample {

public static void main (String [] args)

{int i;for (i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { System.out.println

("Number: " + i);}

}}


Example of program written in Objective C

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

int main() {

/* my first program in Objective-C */

NSLog(@"Hello, World! \n");

return 0;

}

Source: http://www.tutorialspoint.com/objective_c/objective_c_environment_setup.htm


Example of program written in Android

package com.example.kim.myapplication;

import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.view.Menu;

import android.view.MenuItem;

public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

@Override

protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

}

@Override

public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);

return true;

}

return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);

}

}


Programming Languages


Discussion Question

If we are to teach Computer programming in Secondary Schools, which one of the above programming languages would be simpler

Lets think about the our school labs and resources available


Scratch Is one of the best! Was it on the list?


QUESTIONS

What do you think could be the best way of teaching computer programming in your school?

Introduction to programming

Technology

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