Introduction to PowerVR Ray Tracingtwvideo01.ubm-us.net/o1/vault/GDC2014/...•Series6 gives you...

Introduction to PowerVR Ray TracingTuesday 18th March, 2014 @ GDC

James A. McCombe

What are we launching today?

System Memory Bus

VertexData Master

PixelData Master

ComputeData Master

Course Grain

Scheduler Core Management

Memory Cache Unit

2D Core (PTLA)

Pixel Co-Processor

Tiling Co-processor

Control and Register BusHost CPU Interface

RayData Master

System Memory Interface

Frame Accumulator

Cache

Scene Hierarchy Generator

Intersection Processor Array Coherency Engine

Ray Tracing Unit

USC0 USC1Texture Unit

USCn-1 USCnTexture Unit

Unified Shading Cluster Array

...

What are the applications for this?

Augmented Reality

Image and Diagram CopyrightPeter Kán 2012

Virtual Reality a.k.a Multi-persective rendering

Lenticular Displays

Ultra-low latency rendering

Lens distortion and aberration correction

Hybrid rendering in games

• Shadows

• Reflections

• Transparency

• Better scaling with multiple dynamic lights

• Real-time light map updates for the rasteriser

• Easy to bolt on

Fully ray traced graphics

• Brute force path tracing

• Produces photo realism easily

• Pretty much requires all the 3D content to be ray traced

• Possible in todays technology in console / desktop using Wizard

• Probably not practical for fully real-time use in mobile for a couple more generations. Fine for sub-realtime use.

Non-graphics

• Better in-game AI

• Collision Detection

• 3D spatial search

Overview of PowerVR

Power and Bandwidth

0W

75W

150W

225W

300W

Workstation Mobile Workstation Laptop Light Laptop Tablet0Gb/s

30Gb/s60Gb/s90Gb/s

120Gb/s150Gb/s180Gb/s210Gb/s240Gb/s270Gb/s300Gb/s

Graphics Watts Graphics Bandwidth

Capability of our mobile graphics

0

37.5

75

112.5

150

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Shad

er G

Flop

s

• Almost 5x compute capability

• 4x vec4 MAD → 16x Scalar 2xMAD

• 1.5 → 3.6 Gtexels/s

• OpenGLES 3.0 Support

System Memory Bus

VertexData Master

PixelData Master

ComputeData Master

Course Grain


Memory Cache Unit

2D Core (PTLA)

Pixel Co-Processor

Tiling Co-processor

Control and Register BusHost CPU Interface System

Memory Interface




...

• An instance is a vertex, pixel or OpenCL thread

• All instances in the task share Program, Uniforms, Parameters, etc.

Compute Task

32 Instances

Vertex Task

32 Instances

CGS




Pixel Task

32 Instances

VertexData

Master

PixelData

Master

ComputeData

Master

ALU

Common Store Registers (Shared across instances in the task)

ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU

Unified Store Registers (Private registers per instance)

CommonInstruction

Per Pixel / Vertex data and shader temps

Shader Uniforms and Constants

(not exact)

Output 1

Output 0

Source 0

Source 1

Source 2

Source 3

Source 4

Source 5

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

⩽ 2 Flops

Integer Math

Format Conversions

⩽ 2 Flops

Comparison Format Conversions

12 Cycles of Latency (not exact)

ALU

Common Store Registers (Shared across instances in the task)

ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU ALU

Unified Store Registers (Private registers per instance)

CommonInstruction

varying vec2 texCoord;

void main() { if (texCoord.x > 0.5) { ... ... } else { ... ... }

Overall capability

• Series6 gives you over 100Gflops for shading on latest mobile devices

• OpenGL ES 3.0 support

• Massive capability gain allowing math heavy shaders

• Mobile graphics is where the actual innovation is happening

• Try it!

A Technical introduction to Wizard

System Memory Bus

VertexData Master

PixelData Master

ComputeData Master

Course Grain


Memory Cache Unit

2D Core (PTLA)

Pixel Co-Processor

Tiling Co-processor


RayData Master


Frame Accumulator

Cache



Ray Tracing Unit




...

Ray RAM

Ray RAM

Output 1

Output 0

Source 0

Source 1

Source 2

Source 3

Source 4

Source 5

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

ABS, NEG, etc.

⩽ 2 Flops

Integer Math

Format Conversions

⩽ 2 Flops

Comparison Format Conversions

12 Cycles of Latency (not exact)

New shader type

• Ray Shaders are invoked when a ray intersects a triangle

• Shaders types can emit any number of rays

• OpenRL has a frame shader to emit primary rays

• Existing fragment / pixel shaders can emit rays also!

• GLSL Programming model is the same

• Built-in functions, parameters, etc.

Primitive Objects

• Encapsulate the rendering state for one mesh

• Includes VBOs, uniforms, shader programs, texture bindings, etc.

• Ray tracing unit sorts rays into tasks with common primitive objects

• Persistent between frames

• Mutable objects by the client

Constraints / Limitations

• Shaders cannot wait for results of individual ray trace operations

• Shaders must provide a worst case estimate on number of child rays

• Per-ray user data payload must be carefully managed

Parallelism is on rays NOT pixelsTask 0

Task 3

Task 2

Task 1

ALU ALU ALU ALUCommonInstruction

(In this example, ALU width is 4 to make the diagram smaller)

Parallelism is on rays NOT pixels

Relief: Quick ray emission demo

Intersection Processor Arrayor

“Who needs Fixed Function?”

Ray:AABB Test

• “Fast Ray-Axis Aligned Bounding Box Overlap Tests with Plucker Coordinates.” – Jeffrey Mahovsky and Brian Wyvill

• 6 lines form the silhouette of the AABB

• 6 planes from the ray origin and each edge vector

• Dot product of plane normal and ray direction vector

• 6 signs must match and be negative.

3 MUL 6 SUB 6 ADD 12 MUL 6 bitwise OR

!voxel_center_x

origin_xcov_convertAX0min

BX0max

shift_center_x7+/!

ri(31)

XB

XA

ri(31)

XA

XB

>70

invert

ri(31)

>7

invert

ri(31)

ri

!voxel_center_y

origin_ycov_convertAY0min

BY0max

shift_center_y7+/!

rj(31)

YB

YA

rj(31)

YA

YB

>70

invert

rj(31)

>7

invert

rj(31)

rj

!voxel_center_z

origin_zcov_convertAZ0min

BZ0max

shift_center_z7+/!

rk(31)

ZB

ZA

rk(31)

ZA

ZB

>70

invert

rk(31)

>7

invert

rk(31)

rk

MISS

origin_x_miss

endpt_x_miss

origin_y_miss

endpt_y_miss

origin_z_miss

endpt_z_miss

Octant(0)

Octant(1)

Octant(2)

!

rj

rk

rixdirx

ray_distance

xdiry

ray_distance

xdirz

ray_distance

!

Ray distance setup Translation Box Plane Setup Plane tests Test Combine

Hitor

Miss

USC instruction group packingMULMUL

MULSUB

LDLD

LDLD

LDLD

SUBSUB

SUB–

SUBSUB

ADDADD

ADDADD

ADDADD

MULMUL

MULMUL

MULMUL

MULMUL

MULMUL

MULMUL

OR–

OR–

OR–

26 Instructions

(32 if using compressed data formats)OR

–

OR–

OR–

44x less area for this function

Tester and Rays

ChildAddress

Tester and Rays

Triangle vs. Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Tester and Rays Tester and Rays

Triangle vs. Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Triangle vs. Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Triangle vs. Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Boxvs.

Ray

Coherence Queue RAM

Old Count Existing Queue

Update Existing Queue

Update New

Queue

Coherence Cache

2 7 2 4 2 2

2 2 1 5

5 2 3 2 1 2

5 3 1 2

5 2 7 7 2 5

Queue Packer

Inst Data Inst Data

BoxHits

FreeQueue

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

USC

The Ray Tracing Unitand

Coherence Engine

System Memory Bus


Course Grain

Scheduler

RayData Master





Ray Tracing Unit

Rays in arbitrary orderRays grouped by PrimitiveObject

(Shader + Resources)

( around 100Mbytes for 1M triangles including varyings )

AABB Blocks Vertex Blocks Varyings

Ascending Virtual Memory Addresses

PrimitiveObject 0

PrimitiveObject 1

PrimitiveObject 2

node_22359node_22355

node_16991

node_6445

node_6450

node_16994

node_6452

node_6456

node_16999 node_6436

node_6438 node_6440

node_11744node_6442


node_6428

node_11722node_6430 node_6432

node_11726node_6434


node_11730node_6426


node_11714

node_16978node_11716 node_16981node_11718

node_22418

node_16984

node_16986

node_17121

node_22423

node_14127

node_13585

node_13629 node_17200node_13503

node_22510

node_22517 node_22528

node_22533

node_22543

node_22550

node_22558

node_13707

node_19064

node_7590

node_13788node_7608

node_7638


node_13977node_7714

node_22561



node_8419


node_9065 node_9116

node_9228


node_13993

node_19252

node_13994

node_8261

node_8356

node_8412


node_9046 node_9110

node_9221

node_22497

node_22502

node_21187


node_8219 node_8344

node_8394


node_8998 node_9102

node_14080node_9213

node_21192

node_7502


node_13722node_7606


node_13802node_7662

node_21196

node_21202

node_21326

node_21331 node_21338

node_21343


node_13393


node_21672

node_17123

node_17203


node_21677


node_11822


node_21822

node_21828

node_11843

node_17816

node_6602

node_11863node_6604

node_6594


node_11903node_6600

node_21834

node_21839



node_6634


node_6610 node_6612

node_6616

node_21237

node_21242

node_21249

node_18928

node_18933

node_7722

node_7738

node_8174

node_8182

node_18937

node_8332

node_8336

node_8374

node_8378

node_18944

node_7766

node_8194

node_18948

node_8340

node_8390

node_19069

node_19071

node_19077

node_8439

node_8808

node_8447

node_8451

node_8895

node_8899

node_19082

node_9078

node_9082

node_9086

node_9126

node_14074

node_9159

node_9163

node_19091

node_8520

node_8919

node_19094

node_9098

node_14083node_9184

node_21253

node_19203

node_19206

node_7478

node_13633node_7520


node_7486 node_7524

node_7528

node_19210

node_7562

node_13712node_7594


node_7570

node_19217 node_13645

node_7498

node_13649node_7540

node_13724

node_7582

node_13728node_7602


node_19317

node_7610


node_13796node_7654

node_19321

node_13879 node_13870

node_13874

node_19329

node_13804

node_7618

node_13808node_7658

node_19331

node_13890

node_13892

node_21260

node_21270 node_21278

node_21284

node_21685

node_21692

node_13389


node_16869

node_13379

node_13383

node_16873

node_13441

node_13445



node_17010

node_13515

node_13517


node_17017

node_13505

node_13509




node_21702

node_11756


node_17265

node_12258

node_12260

node_17269

node_12347

node_12349



node_11764




node_12354


node_21713

node_17255

node_11749




node_19706

node_11654


node_17136





node_17222node_17218node_12236

node_17229

node_17231


node_12421

node_17458node_12500 node_17459



node_21730

node_21736





node_17521

node_11811

node_11814

node_17525

node_12616 node_12608

node_12611





node_17574

node_12636

node_12640

node_17579

node_12666

node_12670

node_21746

node_21751


node_17388

node_17390

node_17396

node_6655

node_6657

node_6985

node_6987 node_6993

node_6995

node_17401

node_6650

node_6964

node_6966

node_6652

node_12320

node_6980 node_6972

node_6974

node_17411

node_7109

node_7111

node_17414

node_7105

node_12395node_7107

node_17422

node_17427

node_6673

node_6678

node_7009

node_7012

node_17434

node_17437

node_6661

node_6671

node_7003

node_7005

node_17445

node_7125

node_7131

node_17448

node_7115

node_7117


node_17328


node_17336

node_6638


node_12292node_6936

node_17340

node_12369

node_7093

node_12373node_7095

node_17345

node_12282 node_12274

node_12277

node_17352

node_12362

node_12365

node_17361

node_17366

node_6646

node_12308

node_6948

node_6950

node_6648

node_12312

node_6956

node_6958

node_17371

node_6642

node_12298

node_6938

node_6940

node_6644

node_12302node_6946

node_17377

node_12385

node_7101

node_12389node_7103

node_17380

node_12377

node_7097

node_12381node_7099

node_21890

node_21897

node_17818

node_11846

node_11848

node_17821


node_11867node_6493


node_17833

node_12692

node_12696

node_12699

node_17840

node_7151


node_12728node_6731

node_17877

node_17883


node_11887node_6499


node_11907node_6507

node_17886

node_7155


node_12752

node_6743

node_6747

node_17890

node_7163

node_12771node_7167


node_6763 node_6775

node_6779

node_21904

node_21910



node_6525

node_17941

node_17944

node_17950


node_6789

node_7178 node_6804

node_6808

node_17957

node_7182

node_7186

node_6820

node_6824 node_6836

node_6840

node_18000

node_18003

node_18009

node_6530

node_6538

node_18012

node_6546

node_6558

node_18017

node_6871

node_7191

node_7202

node_6857

node_6861

node_18023

node_6877

node_6883

node_7220

node_7226

node_21917

node_21924 node_21933

node_21938

node_21354

node_21360 node_21369

node_21374

node_21489

node_21496

node_19161 node_19017

node_19020

node_21503

node_21509

node_19283


node_21969

node_21977

node_18068

node_5839

node_5842

node_18071

node_5844

node_5846


node_5820 node_5824

node_11979node_5832

node_21983

node_21989

node_5852


node_12011node_5858


node_12031node_5850

node_22102

node_22108

node_12072


node_22115

node_13427

node_16946node_13489 node_13565


node_22120

node_18640


node_11674

node_11705

node_22041

node_22047

node_18074

node_18077

node_18082

node_5630

node_5644

node_18087

node_5650

node_5656

node_18092

node_5889

node_5904

node_6246

node_6259

node_18099

node_5910

node_5916

node_6265

node_6272

node_18149

node_5669

node_5674

node_18151

node_5678

node_11982node_5682

node_18155

node_18157

node_18164

node_6290

node_6295

node_5931

node_5935 node_5952

node_5956

node_18170

node_6299 node_5968

node_5972


node_5988

node_22053

node_18215

node_18221


node_11992node_5691


node_12015node_5699

node_18224

node_6307

node_12883node_6311


node_6004 node_6010

node_6014

node_18229

node_6315

node_12908node_6319


node_6030

node_18276


node_18284


node_12035node_5705

node_18286

node_12060 node_12053

node_12056

node_18292

node_6323


node_12936node_6054

node_18297

node_12960 node_12953

node_12955

node_22073 node_22057

node_22066

node_21516

node_21521

node_21530

node_19024

node_19028

node_19034

node_8784

node_9071

node_19039

node_9122

node_9234

node_19044

node_8759

node_9059

node_9067

node_8776

node_8780

node_19052

node_9114

node_9118

node_9226

node_9230

node_19166

node_8150

node_8307

node_19168

node_8372

node_8434

node_14121node_8436

node_19172

node_19175

node_19180

node_8061

node_8288

node_8145node_8140

node_8294

node_8298

node_19186

node_8360

node_8364

node_8368

node_8416

node_14115

node_8429 node_8421

node_8425

node_21533

node_19285

node_19289


node_13701node_7684


node_13780node_7720

node_19292


node_7644 node_7683node_7678

node_7636

node_13695node_7674

node_19296

node_7698


node_13774node_7712


node_19420


node_13860node_7560

node_19422

node_13971 node_13964

node_13967

node_19427

node_7514


node_13854node_7554

node_19431

node_13960


node_21540

node_21548 node_21557

node_21562

node_22191

node_12982








node_18602

node_12095

node_12097

node_18606

node_13017

node_13019



node_22194

node_22201

node_13241



node_18751

node_13282

node_13286

node_13289



node_13249




node_18789

node_13305

node_13309

node_18794

node_13295

node_13299

node_22210

node_13437






node_17094

node_13578

node_13580




node_17108

node_13571

node_13574


node_22218

node_13227

node_18727node_13233 node_18728



node_13064

node_18644node_13182 node_18645



node_17181

node_11676




node_19786

node_13225

node_18690


node_18699


node_18720


node_22236

node_22242

node_22251

node_18863

node_18868

node_5790

node_5792

node_18870

node_5788

node_5785

node_12226node_5883

node_18875

node_6403

node_6405

node_6208


node_18881

node_6401 node_6200

node_6204


node_6196

node_18894

node_18899

node_5801

node_5805

node_18902

node_5794

node_5799

node_18906

node_6232

node_6419

node_6421

node_6238

node_6242

node_18914

node_6222

node_6228

node_6407

node_6417

node_22256

node_18804


node_18812


node_12202node_5775

node_18815

node_6166


node_13335node_6387

node_18821

node_12196 node_12189

node_12192

node_18825

node_13323 node_13315

node_13319node_6160

node_18836

node_18841


node_12218node_5783

node_18844


node_12210node_5779

node_18849


node_6188

node_13355node_6395node_6183node_6178

node_18854

node_6174


node_13345node_6391

node_22290

node_22294

node_22300

node_16820


node_22307

node_22311 node_22317

node_22323

node_22431

node_22438

node_11100

node_16838node_11102 node_11104


node_22446

node_10782

node_16827node_10804 node_10833


node_22451

node_11094

node_19643

node_10965

node_11031

node_11096

node_11098

node_22459

node_22467

node_16854

node_16857

node_22474

node_22480

node_16850 node_16843


node_21211

node_21216

node_21225

node_19254

node_19259

node_7692


node_13764node_7706

node_19264

node_7634

node_13681node_7672


node_7628

node_7671

node_7666

node_19272

node_13750

node_7686

node_13754node_7704

node_19275

node_13671

node_7624

node_13675node_7664


node_19385

node_13933

node_13935

node_13939node_7588

node_19394

node_7510


node_13844node_7548

node_19403

node_13922

node_13924

node_13926

node_19406

node_13830

node_7504

node_13834node_7546

node_21229

node_18988

node_18993

node_9106

node_9112

node_9217

node_9224

node_18999

node_8744

node_9042

node_9053

node_8717

node_8719

node_19006

node_9104

node_9215

node_19009

node_8715

node_9040

node_19131

node_19136


node_8402

node_8404

node_8358 node_8348

node_8350

node_19145

node_7960

node_7995

node_8286

node_7961

node_7956

node_8251

node_8253


node_8245 node_8346

node_14101node_8396

node_21293

node_21300 node_21311

node_21316

node_21598

node_14145

node_14139 node_14131

node_14134

node_18661

node_13008

node_13011

node_18665

node_12086

node_12088





node_12102

node_12108

node_13032

node_13048

node_13028

node_13044

node_21608

node_18630



node_13230


node_19762

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node_11670




node_13185


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node_21623

node_21630

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node_9028 node_8659

node_8663


node_8645

node_15448

node_15451

node_15494

node_8772

node_8801

node_15497

node_8742

node_8757

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node_15514

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node_20453

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node_10402node_8577

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node_10364

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node_10396node_9006

node_15301

node_10356


node_15311


node_15385

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node_8625

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node_15377

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node_10432node_9012

node_20460

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node_20484

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node_14182

node_9398

node_9401

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node_14189

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node_14195

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node_14321

node_14325

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node_9574node_7258

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node_7306

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node_6576

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node_6468

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node_6464

node_6578 node_6568

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node_14574

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node_20519

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node_20655

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node_11508

node_11513

node_20660

node_16603node_9846

node_9916

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node_11432

node_16068node_11442 node_11456


node_20974

node_20979 node_20987

node_20993

node_21059

node_9470

node_14320

node_7292

node_9556node_7332

node_7348


node_9716node_7452

node_21062



node_6343


node_6606 node_6793

node_7174

node_21066

node_21071


node_16332

node_11179

node_11183

node_16336

node_11524

node_11526





node_16359

node_11199

node_11203

node_16363

node_11189

node_11193



node_11532


node_20758

node_16326



node_11544


node_19543



node_16288


node_16300


node_11613


node_16486



node_16115



node_11497


node_20770

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node_16583node_9764

node_16586

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node_16592node_9762

node_16594

node_9839

node_9842

node_9922

node_16722node_9986

node_16725node_9918

node_16729node_9982

node_9912

node_16736node_9976

node_20781

node_10772




node_11424


node_16072node_10839 node_10814

node_10816



node_16082

node_10806

node_10810

node_16086

node_11444

node_11448


node_16209

node_8316

node_8318

node_8090

node_8092 node_8098

node_8100

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node_8311 node_8074

node_8076


node_8084

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node_7971

node_7973

node_16226

node_7967

node_11035node_7969

node_16232

node_16234

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node_8069

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node_8309

node_16248

node_8063

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node_8302

node_16255

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node_7965

node_16259

node_7952

node_7954

node_16266

node_16270


node_16162

node_8132


node_11151node_8330

node_16166

node_11139 node_11130

node_11134

node_16174

node_11050

node_7983

node_11054node_7985

node_16176

node_11043

node_11046


node_16204

node_16189


node_8118


node_8126

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node_8108

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node_16200 node_11058

node_7975

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node_11066

node_7979

node_11070node_7981

node_21127

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node_14293

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node_9459

node_9461

node_9463

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node_10663node_8233

node_15716



node_8221

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node_19914

node_19919

node_19928

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node_19946

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node_16529

node_16655

node_16659

node_20115

node_14129

node_9744




node_11594



node_11576

node_16644

node_8545

node_11582node_8547

node_8537


node_11590node_8543




node_8535


node_8518 node_8522

node_8524

node_19879

node_19887 node_19895

node_19900

node_14205

node_5635

node_5808

node_14208

node_5896

node_6251



PrimitiveObject 0

PrimitiveObject 1

PrimitiveObject 2

PrimitiveObject 0

PrimitiveObject 1

PrimitiveObject 2

(coherence queues)

Automatically finds coherence paths

The Scene Hierarchy Generator

System Memory Bus



Course Grain

SchedulerVertex

Data Master




World-space Trianglesand associated varyings

Limitations

• Scene is represented by triangles – same as today

• BVH is in a defined format optimised for construction and traversal

• Triangle order must generally follow a spatially coherent flow

• An approximate scene scale estimation is needed

• Geometry shaders are not inline with the ray tracing pipeline

Strengths• Shading cluster workload is no higher than a vertex shader

• Only needs to process geometry that actually moved in world space

• Unique algorithm constrains working set to internal registers only

• Single pass operation: in-line with vertex shader execution

• Handles the “long skinny triangles” problem well

• Streaming writes to external memory

• Losslessly compressed output formats due to build algorithm

• Compact logic

Built on sparse log2 oct-tree scaffolding

LOD = 1 LOD = 2 LOD = 3Level = 1 Level = 2 Level = 3

ProcessTriangle() AssembleParents()

Leaf VoxelCache

VBExtents

On

evic

tion Tree

VoxelCache

Output Scene Acceleration

Structure

Select LOD

For each triangle

Foreach VBNode in

LOD

Compute Parent Voxel

On VoxelCache HIT

VBNode Pool

Per LOD VBNode linked list

headpointers

GenerateVBNode()

v0

v1

v2

On

evic

tion

Add VBNode

After some triangles...

LOD16

LOD15

LOD10

LOD14

LeafCount=8TreeCount=0




Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Assembling parents...

LOD16

LOD15

LOD10

LOD14





Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Tree VoxelCache

On eviction

Flush Leaf Nodes

VBNode Pool

GenerateVBNode()

Add VBNode to linked list of

VBNodes for its LOD

After parents for one level have been assembled...

LOD16

LOD15

LOD10

LOD14

A0 A1 B0 C0 C1 B1 B2 C2LeafCount=8TreeCount=0




Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

Leaf Head

Tree Head

A B C

Performance Expectations

System Memory Bus

VertexData Master

PixelData Master

ComputeData Master

Course Grain


Memory Cache Unit

2D Core (PTLA)

Pixel Co-Processor

Tiling Co-processor


RayData Master


Frame Accumulator

Cache



Ray Tracing Unit




...

6 clk/tri1-2 clk/ray

64 AABB/ray16 Tri/ray

1-2clk/accum

128 Inst/ray(512flops peak)

Get early access to the programming concepts at:http://tinyurl.com/9ddlsv2

Talk immediately after this on Hybrid rendering

See the demos at Imagination Booth #402 South Hall

Thank you

Introduction to PowerVR Ray Tracingtwvideo01.ubm-us.net/o1/vault/GDC2014/...•Series6 gives you...

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Transcript of Introduction to PowerVR Ray Tracingtwvideo01.ubm-us.net/o1/vault/GDC2014/...•Series6 gives you...