Introduction to Postwar Taiwan Fiction Unit Five Wars against the Communists: Taiwan behind the...

Introduction to Postwar Taiwan FictionUnit Five

Wars against the Communists:Taiwan behind the Scenes of the Korean and Vietnamese Wars

Lecturer:

Richard Rong-bin Chen,

PhD of Comparative Literature.

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Taiwan behind the Scenes of the Two Wars

• President Chiang Kai-shek asked to join the battles in Korean, rejected by Harry Truman.• Taiwan’s nationalist army sent task-forces to South Vietnam for logistics, military intelligence and training assignments.• Some military facilities in Taiwan were available for the US forces, mainly for the purpose of logistics.

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The Arrival(Picture taken before the Presidential Palace around Jan 23rd, 1954)

http://get.nccu.edu.tw:8080/getcdb/handle/getcdb/127023

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The Tattoo

This work is licensed by 小美好 for the use of “Course Database of General Education TW” ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately.



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Truman’s “Hands-off” Policy

• US forces would not used to defend Taiwan.

• Both the State Department and CIA predicted that the island would be seized by Communist China before the end of 1950.

From The Korean War in History• The US State Department’s document, top

secret memorandum of 23 December 1949 stated that the “fall of Taiwan is anticipated”.(p.46)

• Western military and diplomatic representatives on Taiwan in May 1950 expected that Taiwan would fall “by 15 July 1950”. (p.46)

• The Associated Press reported at the end of April 1950 that “ the PRC’s invasion will be in July”.(p.46)

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Source: James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989) . The Korean war in history Manchester University Press






• At the end of May 1950, the US Consulate-General in Taiwan advised all Americans to leave Taiwan as soon as possible, predicting a “Communist invasion within the next three months”. (p.46)

• Dean Acheson, at an Executive Session of the US Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 29, 1950, stated that the early fall of Taiwan was probably inevitable.(p.46)

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The Korean War

• April 1950: Kim Il-sung travelled to Moscow and secured Stalin's support for a policy to unify Korea under his authority.

• June 25, 1950: the North Korean People’s Army (KPA) crossed the 38th parallel border and invaded South Korea.

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• The Security Council, on 27 June 1950, published Resolution 83 recommending member states provide military assistance to the Republic of Korea.

• On the same day, Truman sent navy and air forces to Korea first.

• The US response: the nearby American troops were dispatched to engage KPA; also, the Seventh Fleet of the US Navy was sent to “neutralize” the Taiwan Strait.

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The Domino Theory Domino Theory- On April 7,1954, President Dwight

D. Eisenhower articulated the domino theory when he described how a French loss in Indochina would be like knocking over the first domino in a row, causing the others to go over quickly.

Through this analogy he was saying that if Vietnam fell under communist control, then it would be difficult to prevent communist takeovers in Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, and possibly even India, Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia. This chain-reaction concept was not new to U.S. containment policy. (p.112) Source: David L. Anderson (2002) .

The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War New York : Columbia University Press


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The CPC Involvement• October 8, 1950: Mao Zedong redesignated the

PLA North East Frontier Force as the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army (PVA).

• October 25: Two hundred thousand Chinese soldiers entered North Korea after crossing Yalu River.

• The number of the soldiers: two and half million PVA soldiers continued to pour into Korea before the war ended in 1953.

• The number of the Chinese captives: more than 22 thousand soldiers captured.

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The Arrival at Taiwan

• According to Historical Dictionary of the Korean War (Paul M. Edwards, 2010), among the captured Chinese soldiers, 14704 were non-repatriates.

• On January 23, 1954, they landed Keelung.• The day has thus been named “World Freedom

Day,” an anti-communist memorial day in Taiwan.• A great part of them had been in the nationalist

army before 1949, and after their arrival in Taiwan, many were recruited again into the army.

“Old Man Yang and His Woman” by Lu Chiang [履疆 ] (1986)

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• Old man yang• The aboriginal woman• Back to the Mainland• The return

• During this Cold War period, the United States was willing to help any government who was opposed to communism, like the South Vietnamese government with the communist North Vietnamese government as it enemy.

• In his inaugural address, Kennedy made the ambitious pledge to “pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, in order to assure the survival and success of liberty.”

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The Vietnam War

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After the 7th Fleet sent to Taiwan in 1950, more and more bars emerged in Kaohsiung, and were not closed until the end of the Vietnam War in 1975.

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=0002774587&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321255132923&id=0002779354&filename=cca100062-hp-ph010_032l-0001-i.jpg




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A picture taken nearby Kaohsiung’s Love River, date unknown. The women in the picture might be bar girls.





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Nancy’s Bar in Kaohsiung, 1964.

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=0004505247&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1332415886290&id=0004488647&filename=cca100062-hp-kh2002_012_513_0002-i.jpg




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The first group of American GIs on vacation in Taiwan, 65 of them in total, arriving Taipei on November 25, 1968 for a five-day trip.

http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=0005912267&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321320283618&id=0005840739&filename=cca220002-hp-196511250231000002l-0001-w.jpg




Some Taiwanese female escorts with US GIs at a table, enjoying a hot pot. (November 1966.)

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http://nrch.cca.gov.tw/ccahome/search/search_meta.jsp?xml_id=0000812132&dofile=getImage.jsp?d=1321255132064&id=0000969911&filename=cca220001-hp-hjm0140679-0001-i.jpg





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A Resort for R&R• 1954: the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty signed, promoting an emerging bar/dance hall/night club business. (Bans lifted in 1958.)• According to the Johnson Administration’s policy, in November 1965, the Pentagon planned to raise the number of US troops to 400,000.• From November 1965 to 1971, about 400,000 American soldiers went to Taiwan for vacation.• To clear up the “aftermaths” of the vacations, the first venereal disease clinic was set up in Taipei in 1968.

The Sino-American Relationship and Crystal Boys [孽子 ] (1977)

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• The story set in Taipei in 1970.• The US aid to Taiwan: 1951-1965.• The East District of Taipei: roads like Song-

chiang Road, Dun-hua North and South Road, Nanking East Road were built with the money from the US aid.

• The bar girl with a son named “Little Johnny.”

• American culture: the Beatles, Tom Jones, and Jazz.

Chen Ying-chen

• Barney E. William the African-American soldier.• A story about Barney’s tragic love with Emily

Huang the bar girl.• Barney’s two burdens on his shoulder: his identity

as a slave’s descendant, and his traumatic memories from a battle.

• After a short stay in a sanatorium, Barney was killed in a combat, without knowing Emily had been pregnant with his child.

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“Roses in June” [六月裡的玫瑰花 ] (1967)

in Exiles at Home

Huang Chun-ming

• The protagonist is a Taiwanese with a foreign degree in marketing and hotel management.

• In order to enhance an Oriental feeling, the bar’s name was renamed “Young Widow”.

• Toward the end of the story, the protagonist pulled out of the business in 1970, and turned to real estate industry.

• One of the American GIs survived the war, reunited with a bar girl in the end.

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“Young Widow” [小寡婦 ] (1974)in Oxcart

The Fall of South Vietnam

• After Tet Offensive and the My Lai Massacre, the war got more notorious.

• In 1968, the U.S. government passed the “Vietnamization” policy.

• By 1973, U.S. military involvement ended.• In 1975, the North Vietnamese army captured

Saigon, which marked the end of the Vietnam War.

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• South Vietnam and Taiwan had built a strong relationship before the former’s fall into the hands of Viet Cong.

• President Nguyễn Văn Thiệu (1965-75) flew to Taipei before the fall of Saigon.

• According the coverage of Taiwan Review in February1980 (“Open Heart for Refugees”), Taiwan used to take in refugees from Indochina as many as 13000.

• Nearly 4,000 refugees were brought to Taiwan from April 23 to July 31 in 1975.

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Vietnam and Taiwan

• The government chartered planes to fly 3,075 refugees from Thailand to Taiwan

• The flood of boat people began in 1977. Fishing vessels picked up refugees in the South China Sea.

• Buildings at a village in the Penghu Islands (Pescadores) were taken over and prepared for use as a refugee camp. By October of 1979, the agency had received nearly 1,500 Indochinese refugees at Paisha Village [ 白沙鄉 ].

• As of the end of 1979, the Indochinese Refugee Reception Center [ 中南半島難民接待中心 ] in Paisha still housed some 500 refugees.

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Vietnamese in Taiwan

• The protagonist is one of the “boat people” from Vietnam.

• The author Yuan Ch’iung-ch’iung used the Vietnamese protagonist to observe the Taiwan in the 1970s.

• The mainlander who kept talking about planting peaches.

• The qualities of Taiwanese: self-confident, peaceful, good talkers, always criticizing and complaining.

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“The Sky’s Escape” [ 逃亡的天空 ] (1979)

• The contradictory and confusing1970s.• On the one hand, its position in the international

politics was getting more and more embarrassing after its retreat from the UN in 1971.

• On the other hand, Taiwan was experiencing the greatest economic boom since the end of World War II.

• Also, the legitimacy of KMT’s authoritarian domination started to be greatly questioned and challenged by Tangwai Movement [ 黨外運動 , the movement lead by the social and political powers outside KMT party].

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• Where did I see the tattoos for the first time?• “Long Live Chiang Chung-cheng.”• “Life is preordained.” (p.59)• Before or after New Year’s Day?• Before or after Midautumn?• Consult a fortune-teller.

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Show Foong [曉風 ]

“1230 Spots” [一千二百三十點 ] (1996)

Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora. New York : Columbia University Press.


What does this passage mean?

• “In recent years, however, his life and his emotional life have been uneventful. Rather like a familiar opera whose ending one already know, the scenario of his fate can be ignored.” (p.60)

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What does this passage mean? (61)

The afternoon sun is warm. The white geese glide leisurely. He counts nine of them, but there are several more under the azalea trees by the pond, so he isn’t sure about their number. Inexplicably, a lone mallard dashes about among them-a bizarre picture.(p.61)



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• “Kill Zhu and weed out Mao.”• “Anti-Communist; Anti-Russia.”• The flag.• “Succeed or die.” (p.61)• The tattoos made them special among the

mainlanders in Taiwan when it comes to the problem of returning the Mainland.

The Tattoos



More about the Tattoos

• “The tattooing itself did not add to his worth, but its removal costs a million dollars. Ha! Everything in life is preordained.” (p.63)

• Wen Tienxiang’s “Song of Righteousness.” (p.63)

• The meaning of the tattoos change with time. While it used to matter significantly in the 50s, it matters only in terms of money.

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Reflection on the War

• Tang was captured even when he had had a chance to fire a shot.

• Is it really a war?• Five Chinese POWs could be exchanged for only

one American POW. • Americans worth five times as much as the

Chinese.

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The Korean War and the Vietnam War

Chinese lives were worthless! On the battledields of the Korean War, soldiers in their twenties and thirties died one on top of the other. The youngest were only fifteen or sixteen. After three months’ training, barely able to manage a bayonet, they were driven to the battlegrounds. The hand-to-hand combat drills were pointless, of course, since the Americans only fought from a distance. They never sent troops into hand-to-hand combat. Thrust!-Hey!-Thrust!-Hey!-Hey-Hey- Hey!-Thrust!-Hey! But who’s going to use a bayonet? (p.64) Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David

Der-wei Wang (Eds.), The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora. New York : Columbia University Press.


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The Dialogue with the Doctor

“Why, no longer ‘ Anti-Communist’?” The young doctor joked with him lightly, perhaps to make his patient relax a bit, Tang thought. “There’s no need for me to fight them,” he said confidently.“They’re killing each other now!”“ And no more ‘Kill Zhu and Weed out Mao,’ either? Well, Mao means Mao Zedong, but who’s this Zhu?” “Zhu means Zhu De, their commander-in-chief then , ”he said.“ There’s no need for me to kill them now. They’ve both reported to Yama. Saved me the trouble.” The doctor wore gold-rimmed glasses. He had a baby face , looked just over twenty. What did this little brat know?(p.64-65)



• The words from the member of the DPP.• The mainlander’s response.• The political idea is out of fashion.• “Were you willing then, or were you

coerced?” (p.66)• “Fourteen thousand were tattooed. Wouldn’t it

have been a shame not to go along?” (p.66)

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The Scene at the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall





The Return to the Mainland• Tang remained unmarried, while his wife

had got married again.• The problem of marriage for the

mainlanders in Taiwan.• Many of them Die alone.• On the lower end of the society.• Cab drivers, vendors, farmers, noodle

stand owners.• “Fight back and retrieve the Mainland.”

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Political Controversy in the 90sKMT vs. New Party (70)

“Sir, Lin and Hau for President and VP; New Party for the National Assembly, please. Thank you.” Tang is taken aback. What? This is the Veterans General Hospital, the stronghold of the KMT. How come this New Party member turns up here?(p.70)



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The Tattoo’s a Part of History Everything’s gone, he suddenly realizes. Gone is “Kill Zhu and Weed out Mao,” gone is “ Anti-Communist and Anti-Russia,” gone is the map, gone is the national flag, gone is “Succeed or Die.” From now on everything is wiped out, as if a ring worn for forty years were suddenly removed, leaving nothing but a white circle. White of complete emptiness. While of complete nothingness. Where are those bloody oaths? The doctor says they are absorbed. But where do they go when they are absorbed? Into the blood, or the marrow? Subconsciously, he touches the bowl-size scar. It’s still there, knotted like the bark of a tree. He feels a little more secure.(p.70) Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David



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The Last Stop, Sanxia. “We’ll talk about staying for good’ later. I know what I’ll do now. Next month I’ll go visit them, and give them my family support allowance. I’ll return in ten days. I’ve thought it all out. The rest of my life I’ll just stay in the Three Gorges, Sanxia- over there it’s called Sanxia, and here it’s also Sanxia. Oh, yes, you must try to remember that Sanxia is the last stop; from there you transfer to Baiji. Get off at Baiji and walk- to Home of the Honored Citizens. Don’t forget!”(p.71) Source: Show Foong .(2003) .Pang-yuan Chi and David



• First published in the supplement to China Times in December, 1972, Huang Chun-ming’s “The Taste of Apples” can be first of all interpreted as a political novel criticizing America’s great influence on Taiwan during the “U.S. Aid” period (1951-65).

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Huang Chun-ming [黃春明 ]

“The Taste of Apples” [ 蘋果的滋味 ] (1972)

• In the story, according to the American junior secretary’s account, Taiwan is the Asian country with which the States had “the closest ties of friendship” (p.136).

• Ironically, it was exactly in February, 1972 that the once anti-communist Richard Nixon paid his official visits to places like Beijing, Hangzhou, and Shanghai, and met Mao Zedong. This was the first step that the States took to abandon its “closest friend” diplomatically in January 1979.

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The Political Context

Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) . (Howard Goldblatt, Trans.), The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories New York : Columbia University Press


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What does this passage mean? Following this remark, the children and Ah-gui all began to eat their apples. The silence of the room was broken by the crisp sound of apples being bitten into, gingerly, one after another. As they took their first bites they said nothing, although they felt that the apples weren’t quite as sweet as they had imagined; rather, they were a little sour and pulpy, were reminded of their father’s comment that one apple cost as much as four catties of rice, and with that the flavor was enhanced.. When they took their second bites, they spiritedly bit off big chunks, with the result that the sickroom was filled with a chorus of loud munching. Ah-fa, who hadn’t wanted one at first, finally succumbed to the temptation. “Ah-zhu,” he said ,” hand me one of those.”(p.156) Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .

(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.), The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories New York : Columbia University Press


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Though the family, in the end, benefited from the car accident, some parts of the short story reveal how the American and Taiwanese failed to understand each other.

For example, when the foreigner was led by the foreign affairs policeman to the area full of illegal shacks, the area’s labyrinthine alleys were for him only “a great place for a game of hide-and-seek” (p.136). What he did not understand was that those shacks were a part of the difficult lives of those men and women, like Jiang Ah-fa and Ah-gui, who could barely make a humble living on the edge of a city.

The American among the Illegal Shacks



Flat Characters – Ah-gui

• This story is tragicomical in the sense that Huang used two vivid “flat characters” to tell a miserable story which might make reader laugh at the same time. First of all, Ah-gui started to worry and cry the moment she was notified of the accident; however, as she entered the black sedan with an opulent interior, she forgot to cry. Once she noticed that she should not stop crying, she gave rein “to her grief with loud wails” (p.144).

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Flat Characters – Ah-zhu

• The second one is Ah-zhu, the eldest child of the Jiangs. Her response to the accident was completely different from her that of her mother: she though she will be definitely adopted out by her mother this time, for his father could not work to support the family. Even before this issue was brought up by her mother, her thoughts concentrated on it throughout the story and she even told her brother, Ah-ji, that she would give him the money to pay his long overdue tuition, which made him both confused and astonished.

The Policeman• What’s his “function”?• The foreign affairs policeman and Ah-ji’s

teacher both seem oppressive to their countrymen. For example, when Colonel Grant gave the Jiangs twenty thousand dollars, the policeman asked them to take it without indecision, and Ah-fa was in fact lucky because he had been run down by an American, or he’d “probably still be lying in the road, covered with a grass mat” (154).

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The Teacher• The homeroom teacher gave Ah-ji a real hard

time: just because he could not pay the tuition on time, the child was made to stand in the corner in the classroom as punishment (p.140).

This also shows, from Ah-ji’s perspective, the city in the northern Taiwan was no better than their native rural village down south, where he had never been punished for this reason.

• Obviously, he shared the same opinion to some extent with her mother.

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The Nativist-realist Perspective• Is it really better off to live in the city than to

live in the country? Almost all Taiwanese Nativist-realist novelists gave us negative answers. Just as the case in this story, the Jiangs went from the country to the city to search for a better life, though without success. They could only afford to live in an illegal shack, the parents could not pay for the tuition, the elder daughter could not get away from the terror of being sold to another family, and the accident happened to the father seemed to be the last straw.

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Telling vs. Showing During the early morning hours, as thick layers of clouds were beginning to send their moisture downward, an automobile accident occurred at the intersection where the road from the eastern suburbs enters the city. A dark green sedan with a foreigner’s license plate crashed into a rickety old bicycle like a wild animal pouncing on its prey, crushing it on the other side of the yellow dividing line of the two –lane highway. A pickaxe was still securely fastened to the bicycle rack, which protruded from under the car, but the contents of a lunch box-mainly rice-that had been tied to the handlebars were scattered all over the street, the solitary salted egg that had accompanied the rice lying smashed at the edge of the safety island.(p.135) Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .



Telling vs. Showing

The rain was coming down harder now, and the puddle of congealed blood in front of the sedan was being washed away. Several foreign and local MPs were busily trying to determine the circumstances of the accident.(p.135) Source: Huang Chun-ming.(2001) .



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Copyright DeclarationPage Work Licensing Author/Source

3

This work is from the website “ 聯合知識庫” http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382 and the photograph was published in 1954/01/23. The copyright of this work has expired because its public release date is over 50 years subject to Article 34 of Taiwan Copyright Act. It belongs to public domain and is available for public use.

4

This work is from the website “ 聯合知識庫” http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382 and the photograph was published in 1954/01/23. The copyright of this work has expired because its public release date is over 50 years subject to Article 34 of Taiwan Copyright Act. It belongs to public domain and is available for public use.

4

This work is licensed by 小美好 for the use of “Course Database of General Education TW” ONLY. The copyright belongs to the above mentioned entity and GET does not have the authorization right. Copyright privileges have to be negotiated with the copyright owner(s) for separately.

6

The US State Department’sdocument, top secret…thatthe “fall of Taiwan isanticipated”.

James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history (p. 46). Manchester University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

6

Western military and diplomatic representatives on Taiwan in May 1950 expected that Taiwan would fall “by 15 July 1950”.


6

The Associated Press reported at the end of April 1950 that “ the PRC’s invasion will be in July.


http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382

http://mag.udn.com/mag/people/storypage.jsp?f_ART_ID=232382







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7

At the end of May 1950, the US Consulate-General in … “Communist invasion within the next three months”.

James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history(p. 46). Manchester University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

7

Dean Acheson, at an Executive Session of the US …the early fall of Taiwan was probably inevitable.

James Cotton, Ian Neary (1989). The Korean war in history(p. 46). Manchester University Press.It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

10

Domino Theory- On April7,1954, President … was notnew to U.S. containmentpolicy.

David L. Anderson (2002). The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War (p.112). New York : Columbia University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

29 Life is preordained

Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora(p. 59). New York : Columbia University Press.It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

30

In recent years, however, hislife and his emotional … thescenario of his fate can beignored.

Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora(p. 60). New York : Columbia University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

31

The afternoon sun is warm. The white geese …a lone mallard dashes about among them-a bizarre picture.

Show Foong (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora(p. 61). New York : Columbia University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.







55


32 Succeed or die

Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora(p. 61). New York : Columbia University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

33

The tattooing itself did not add to his worth, but its removal costs a million dollars. Ha! Everything in life is preordained.

Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 63). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

33 Wen Tienxiang’s “Song of Righteousness.


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Chinese lives were worthless! On the battledields of the Korean …Thrust!-Hey! But who’s going to use a bayonet?


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“Why, no longer ‘ Anti-Communist’?” The young …just over twenty. What did this little brat know?

Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan. (p. 64-65). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University Press. It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

37 Were you willing then, or were you coerced?








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Fourteen thousand were tattooed. Wouldn’t it have been a shame not to go along?

Chen Ying-chen. (1994). Death in a cornfield. Ching-hsi Perng and Chiu-kuei Wang (Eds.)Death in a cornfield and other stories from contemporary Taiwan(p. 66). Hong Kong ; New York : Oxford University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

39

Oddly enough, except for a momentary confusion, whenever I thought …mind, my child would also be five years old now.

Show Foong. (2003). 1230 Spots. Pang-yuan Chi and David Der-wei Wang (Eds.)The Last of the Whampoa breed [electronic resource] : stories of Chinese diaspora(p. 70). New York : Columbia University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

40

Everything’s gone, he suddenly realizes. Gone is “Kill Zhu and … of a tree. He feels a little more secure.


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“We’ll talk about staying for good’ later. I know what I’ll do …Home of the Honored Citizens. Don’t forget!”


43

In the story, according to theAmerican junior …which theStates had “the closest ties ofFriendship.

Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples. (Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories (p.136)New York : Columbia University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.

44

Following this remark, the children and Ah-gui all began …succumbed to the temptation. “Ah-zhu,” he said ,” hand me one of those.”

Huang Chun-ming. (2001) The taste of apples(Howard Goldblatt, Trans.). The taste of apples : Taiwanese stories (p.156)New York : Columbia University PressIt is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:•Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.







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45 a great place for a game of hide-and-seek


46

Oddly enough, except for a momentary confusion, whenever I thought …mind, my child would also be five years old now.


48

The foreign affairs policeman and Ah-ji’s teacher both seem …“probably still be lying in the road, covered with a grass mat”


49

The homeroom teacher gave Ah-ji a real hard time: just because …child was made to stand in the corner in the classroom as punishment .


51

During the early morninghours, as thick layers ofclouds were beginning …ricelying smashed at the edge ofthe safety island.


52

The rain was coming down harder now, and the puddle …were busily trying to determine the circumstances of the accident.








Introduction to Postwar Taiwan Fiction Unit Five Wars against the Communists: Taiwan behind the...

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