Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 [email protected] Patricio Figueredo...
-
date post
22-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
236 -
download
4
Transcript of Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 [email protected] Patricio Figueredo...
![Page 1: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction toIntroduction toPlanetary GeologyPlanetary Geology
Patricio FigueredoPSF 571
Patricio FigueredoPSF 571
![Page 2: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Planetary geology
Magellan
GalileoMGS
Odyssey
MER roversMars Express
![Page 3: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
1) the Solar System1) the Solar SystemPlanetaryPlanetaryGeologyGeology
Planets make up ~ 0.15% of our Solar System’s massSun accounts for the other 99.85%!
![Page 4: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Solar System of Planets
![Page 5: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Overview of PlanetsOverview of PlanetsPlanetaryPlanetaryGeologyGeology
The planets’ composition changes with distance to the Sun
Ven
us
Mer
cury
Ear
thM
ars
Jupi
ter
Sat
urn
Ura
nus
Nep
tune
Plu
to
Su
n
terrestrialplanets(mostly rock & metallic)
Gas Giant planets (H, He)w/ rock/ice satellites
![Page 6: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Satellites are worlds in their own right!
![Page 7: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mercury
No atmosphere, lots of craters Looks like our Moon Mercury day takes 6 months! only half of it is known
![Page 8: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Venus
Earth-like size, density covered in thick clouds surface very hot 900 oF! recent volcanism and tectonics
Earth-like size, density covered in thick clouds surface very hot 900 oF! recent volcanism and tectonics
![Page 9: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Earth
GEOLOGIC PROCESSES:•tectonism •volcanism•gradation•impact cratering
![Page 10: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
tectonism volcanism
gradation
![Page 11: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Impacts!!!
![Page 12: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
mess cars
cause extinctions
knock trees
scar planets!
![Page 14: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PlanetaryPlanetaryGeologyGeology
Meteor Crater, AZ
![Page 15: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Impact origin of the Moon!
![Page 16: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
the Moonthe MoonPlanetaryPlanetaryGeologyGeology
Unusual….Moon is large for a planet “moon”
Its density is ~ 3.3 gm/cm3… This is close to Earth crustal rocks
Gravity on Moon is 1/6 that on Earth
![Page 17: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
the Moonthe MoonPlanetaryPlanetaryGeologyGeology
mariamaria
highlandshighlandsmaria - large basalt flows
highlands - cratered old crustregolith - unconsolidated rock & dust layer
![Page 18: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Mars
•half Earth’s size•two small moons•canyons, volcanoes, etc.
![Page 19: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Canyons!
![Page 20: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Volcanoes!
•huge shield volcanoes•flood plains
![Page 21: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mars water!!
![Page 22: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ASU discovery: Marsgullies’ smoking gun
![Page 23: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
on the news: The Mars Exploration rovers
![Page 24: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Last Saturday: Opportunity landed!
![Page 25: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Jupiter
Largest planet in the Solar system
giant storm systems
(2 Earths fit in red spot)
62 moons!!!
![Page 26: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Io
Europa
GanymedeCallisto
Geologic targets
![Page 27: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Io
Volcanically active!
8 or more volcanoeserupting at anygiven time
![Page 28: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Europa
ocean of salty water under the ice! (~2 Earth oceans!!)
![Page 29: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
composition similar to Jupiter, but twice as far from Sun Most extensive ring system Atmosphere winds: 930 m.p.h.! At least 21 moons
Saturn
![Page 30: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Titan
•only satellite with atmosphere!
•organic (C) compounds
•lakes of liquid methane, H
Cassini (07/04)
![Page 31: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Uranus Methane atmosphere (blue)
Rotates on its side
At least 15 moons
![Page 32: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Miranda
•unique terrain!!
•huge extensional systems
•16 km cliff!!
![Page 33: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Neptune
Also methane atmosphere
Great dark spot and White clouds
8 known moons
![Page 34: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Triton
•cantaloupe terrain
•fissures, pools
•active giant geyser eruptions!!
![Page 35: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Pluto / Charon
binary system
248 Earth years to go around Sun once
Charon, its moon, is over half Pluto’s size
only unexplored planet
![Page 36: Introduction to Planetary Geology Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu Patricio Figueredo PSF 571 figueredo@asu.edu.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020716/56649d7d5503460f94a5fafc/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Some key points
• 4 geologic processes: tectonism, volcanism, gradation,
impacts
• Mercury resembles our Moon, and is inactive
• Venus has thick atmosp., high T, and recent volcanism and
tectonics
• Earth is an active planet, driven by plate tectonics
• Mars has huge volcanoes and canyons. Water was stable in
the past.
• Jupiter’s Io is the most volcanic body in the Solar System
• Jupiter’s Europa is prob. active, could have an ocean of salty
water
• Saturn’s Titan has a thick atmosphere and organic
compounds
• Uranus’ Miranda has enormous extensional faults and cliffs
• Neptune’s Triton has active geysers
• Pluto and Charon form a double-system and remain
unexplored
• Apart from Earth, only Mars, Europa, Titan, and prob. Triton have some potential for astrobiology