Introduction to Personality Chapter 13, Lecture 1
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Transcript of Introduction to Personality Chapter 13, Lecture 1
Introduction to Introduction to PersonalityPersonality
Chapter 13, Lecture 1Chapter 13, Lecture 1
Personality
An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.
Each dwarf has a distinct personality.
First, let’s look at Handout 13-1
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Next, a question for your notes…
Who am I???Who am I???Write “I am…” and then numberfrom 1 to 10. Beside each number,list what you consider to be someof your own positive and negativepersonality qualities.
B.R. Hergenhahn observes that while other psychologists are concerned with human perception, intelligence, motivation, or development, personality theorists are in the unique position of studying the entire person. They have the monumental task of synthesizing the best information from the diverse fields of the discipline into a coherent, holistic configuration. In the course of their work, personality theorists address the fundamental issues of human nature and individual differences. Duane Schultz has suggested that a theorist’s answers to the following basic questions define his or her image of human nature.
1. Free will or determinism? Do we have a conscious awareness and control of ourselves? Are we free to choose, to be masters of our fate, or are we victims of biological factors, unconscious factors, or external stimuli?2. Nature or nurture? Is our personality determined primarily by the abilities, temperaments, or predispositions we inherit, or are we shaped more strongly by the environments in which we live?
3. Past, present, or future? Is personality development basically complete in early childhood? Or is personality independent of the past, capable of being influenced by events and experiences in the present and even by future aspirations and goals?4. Uniqueness or universality? Is the personality of each individual unique or are there broad personality patterns that fit large numbers of persons?
5. Equilibrium or growth? Are we primarily tension-reducing, pleasure-seeking animals or are we motivated primarily by the need to grow, to reach our full potential to reach for ever-higher levels of self-expression and development?6. Optimism or pessimism? Are human beings basically good or evil? Are we kind and compassionate, or cruel and merciless?
Theorists’ Assumptions about Personality
1. Heredity vs. Environment
Eysenck, Cattell,Eysenck, Cattell,Sheldon, Freud, JungSheldon, Freud, Jung
Skinner, Watson, Rotter,Skinner, Watson, Rotter,Bandura, RogersBandura, Rogers
2. Self vs. No Self
Rogers, Maslow, Erikson,Rogers, Maslow, Erikson,Horney, JungHorney, Jung
Watson, Skinner, Rotter,Watson, Skinner, Rotter,MischelMischel
3. Unchanging vs. Changing
Freud, Eysenck, CattellFreud, Eysenck, Cattell Rogers, Mischel,Rogers, Mischel,Social LearningSocial Learning
Theorists’ Assumptions about Personality
4. Past vs. Future
Freud, Jung, Fromm,Freud, Jung, Fromm,EysenckEysenck
Adler, Rogers, Maslow,Adler, Rogers, Maslow,BanduraBandura
5. General vs. Unique
Watson, Skinner,Watson, Skinner,Eysenck, FrommEysenck, Fromm
Adler, Rogers, Bandura,Adler, Rogers, Bandura,RotterRotter
6. Self-centered vs. Altruistic
Freud, JungFreud, Jung Adler, Fromm, Maslow,Adler, Fromm, Maslow,Rogers, BanduraRogers, Bandura
Theorists’ Assumptions about Personality
7. Reward vs. Punishment
Skinner, Bandura,Skinner, Bandura,Freud, MaslowFreud, Maslow
WatsonWatson
8. Personal vs. Social
Rogers, Maslow, FrommRogers, Maslow, FrommSkinner, Bandura, MischelSkinner, Bandura, Mischel
9. Constructive vs. Destructive
Adler, Rogers, MaslowAdler, Rogers, Maslow FreudFreud
10. No Purpose vs. Purpose
Skinner, Watson,Skinner, Watson,Bandura, MischelBandura, Mischel
Adler, Fromm, Horney,Adler, Fromm, Horney,Rogers, Maslow, JungRogers, Maslow, Jung
HomeworkRead p.553-564