Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards.
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Transcript of Introduction to Organic Chemistry Functional Group Flashcards.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
Functional Group Flashcards
Symbol for the “rest” of an organic molecule
Alkanes• R–CH2–CH2–R • All of the bonds are single bonds (-C-H-, and -C-C-)• Methane CH4
Ethane CH3-CH3
Propane CH3-CH2-CH3
Butane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hexane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Heptane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Octane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Nonane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Decane CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Alkenes
• R–CH=CH–R
• CH2=CH2
Alkynes
• R–C≡C–R
• H–C≡C–H
Hint: A E I
Methyl Group
What would an ethyl or propyl group look like?
Carbonyl Group• Found in 5 functional groups
– Ketones -Aldehydes -Esters
– Carboxyls -Amides
• Example: When group is in middle of carbon chain ketone
• Example: When group is at end of carbon chain aldehyde
Ketone
• Ketones can be shown in text as: RCOR
Aldehyde
• Aldehydes can be shown in text as: RCHO
Ester Group
• Esters can be shown in text as: RCOOR
HINT: Ester is a “COOC”
Carboxyl Group –or- Carboxylic Acid
• Carboxylic acids can be shown in text as: RCOOH
Amide Group
• Primary amides can be shown in text as: RCONH2
Amino Group
• Different than amide b/c “no” carbonyl group
• Primary amines can be shown in text as: RNH2
Hydroxyl –or- Hydroxide
-Forms alcohols
Ether Group
• Ethers can be shown in text as: ROR
HINT: Easter Bunny
Nitrite Group
• NO2- (ionic form)
Nitrate Group
NO3- (ionic form)
Hint: “tres”
Phosphate Group
• Symbol is
Sulfhydryl Group
Other basic rules . . .• Functionional groups assume their distinct
identity when separated by –CH2– groups.
• Thus, the carbonyl (C=O) and hydroxyl (OH) of a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, are part of a single function and are NOT "alcohol-plus-ketone":
Comprehension Check
• Name the functional group
Ketone Ether Phosphate Amide
Hydroxyl Aldehyde Amino Carboxyl
For more practice . . .
http://www.execulink.com/~ekimmel/onclick0.htm