Introduction To Nuclear Physics Lab. Contents What is Radioactivity? Radioactivity Decays...
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Transcript of Introduction To Nuclear Physics Lab. Contents What is Radioactivity? Radioactivity Decays...
![Page 1: Introduction To Nuclear Physics Lab. Contents What is Radioactivity? Radioactivity Decays Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with matter Radiation Detectors.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062801/56649e695503460f94b667e6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction To Nuclear Physics Lab
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Contents
• What is Radioactivity?• Radioactivity Decays • Interaction of Ionizing Radiation with matter• Radiation Detectors• Ionizing Radiation safety• Conclusion
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Introduction
What is Radiation?
Radiation is energy traveling in the form of particles or
waves in bundles of energy called photons.
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TYPES OF RADIATIONS
1)Non-Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation
Radio .
Microwaves .
Infra Red )Heat) .
Visible Light )Color) .
Ultra Violet.
2)Ionizing Electromagnetic Radiation X-Rays .
Gamma Rays.
3)Ionizing Atomic Particle Radiation
Beta Rays .
Alpha Rays .
Neutrons
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What is Radioactivity?
When the nucleus is unstable
it will decay into a more stable atom.
This radioactive decay is completely spontaneous .
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When an unstable nucleus decays, there are three ways that it can do so:
1 )Alpha Particle )α-particle)
2 )Beta Particle )β-particle)
3 )Gamma Ray ) γ-Ray)
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Type of Radiation
Alpha particle
Beta Particle
Gamma Ray
symbol αβγ
Mass )a.m.u) 4 1/20000
charge+2 -1 0
Speed Slow Fast Very fast )speed of light)
Ionizing ability
High Medium 0
Penetrating power
Low Medium High
Stopped byPaper Aluminum Lead
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A) Alpha Particle Decay:
B) Beta Particle Decay:
C) Gamma Rays:
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Interaction of radiation with matter:
1)Alpha particle.
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Interaction of radiation with matter:
2)Beta Particles.
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Interaction of radiation with matter:
3)Gamma Rays.
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• Photoelectric effect
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• Compton Scattering
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• Pair Production
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Measures of Radioactivity
The activity of source is measured in this units:
Becquerel )Bq) Curie )Ci)
1 Bq = 1 disintegration/sec 1 Ci = 37000000000 dps
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Radioactivity Detectors
The most important detectors to counting
particles are:
1 )Gas-filled Counters.
2 )Scintillation Counters.
3 )Semiconductor detectors or solid state detectors.
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Geiger-Muller Detector
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Scintillation Counter
The solid scintillation counter is a solid state radiation detector which uses a scintillation crystal )phosphor) to detect radiation and
produce light pulses.
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Half life
Half-life is the time required for the quantity of a radioactive material to be reduced to one-half its original value .
Ex: Uranuim-298
4.5 billion years )long time)
Carbon-14
20 min ) short time)
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Ionizing Radiation Safety
• Remove the source from the storage only when ready to use it.
• Never pick up radioactive sources except with the tweezers/tongs.
• Increase your distance from the source.
• Decrease your time exposure to the source.
• There should be no eating, drinking in the laboratory where such sources are in use.
• Be sure that the sources are returned to the storage before you leave the laboratory.
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Prepared by
•Sara AL-Dosari