Introduction to Model Driven Architecturedownload.microsoft.com/documents/uk/msdn/... · 8/25/2004...

Introduction to

Model Driven Architecture

‘‘‘‘

Andrew Watson

VP & Technical Director, OMG

A Introduction

2

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

ms

Majo cus

SR

Accounting

Payables/ Receivables

MDCopyright ©2004, Object Management Group. All Rights reserved.

Integrating business syste

r problem for business & OMG’s main fo

hipping/ eceiving Inventory

Engineering

Manufacturing

Sales

A Introduction

3

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

•

Too - A s by 1990s

• Too - 70 OBOL, 45% C++,

20 l of 260%

• Too - U s 98, PalmOS ...

• Ever- E time than the last


Roots of the problem

many computerspprox 1 CPU/business in 1960s, hundred

many programming languages% of IT shops use Java, 70% VB, 45% C% Powerbuilder, 10% Delphi ... for a tota

many operating systemsnix, MVS, MacOS, Windows XP, Window

-increasing technology churnach technology remains in vogue for less

A Introduction

4

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

re

•

Midd enterprise -- C PIs- C rability- D n Language (IDL)

to are systems- Im languages & OSs- C


Integration via Middlewa

leware approach to integration within thereate a small, common, standard set of Areate standard wire protocols for interopeefine language-neutral Interface Definitio define interfaces between different softwplement APIs, protocols & IDL for many

reates widely-deployed integration layer

A Introduction

5

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

RBA

•

Midd perating systems- C

C- Li

O- Tr- P

traba

- Wen


Middleware example: CO

leware to integrate across languages & oOBOL, Smalltalk, Ada, Java, ++, Lisp, Python, Perl ...nux, Windows 3.1, Windows XP, S/390, SunOS, HP/UX ...ansactions & security servicesart of every JDK - Java security, nsactions, interoperability all sed on CORBAidely implemented within the terprise

A Introduction

6

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

•

One g open integ- C d specifications- U tions

• An in r members- Im G member

• Inter- V

• Deci


Introducing OMG

of the most successful forums for creatinration standards in the computer industryORBA integration platform & many relateML design notation and related specifica

dustrial consortium with vendor and useplementation must be available from OM

faces freely available to allisit http://www.omg.org

sions taken by members

A Introduction

7

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

p2AB3COMABBAdaptivAgilentAlcatelAonixAT&TBAE SBBC RBEA SBoeingBorland

e

iaTechct Tech.naleon

wellE

SAS InstituteSiemensSonySunSybaseT-NovaTelefonicaThalesToshibaUBSUnion SwitchUnisysW3C


Worldwide Membershi

e

ystems&Dystems

Bristol-Myers CACBOECiscoCodagenCompuwareCredit SuisseDeere & Co.DHLDMSODoCoMoDSTCEDS

EurocontrolFujitsuGCHQHPHitachiIBMInt’active ObjIONALockheedLucentMotorolaNASANEC

NATONISTNokiaOraclPfizerPromPrismProjeRatioRaythRockSABRSAP

A Introduction

8

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

OM Language

•

The tions of early 90s

• Resu leted in 1997

• Over esearch, Aug. 04)- 80- D- O- Tr- U

• UML


G at work: Unified Modelling

successor to multiplicity of OO A&D nota

lt of OMG process begun in 1994, comp

2/3 of organisations now use UML (BZ r% plan to use UML in future

ozens of toolsver 100 UML-related booksaining widely availableML certification

2.0 now published

A Introduction

9

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

Ent ere next?

•

“Mid years ago- A when one big

m

• Toda en enterprises- M my computer?- C uterised, public

ne DI in the 80s)

• ebXM other Web Serv rise middleware- B ow?


erprise System Integration: wh

dleware” entered the IT lexicon about tenddresses integration within the enterpriseachine replaced by several smaller ones

y we aim for similar integration betweust I type your computer-printed bill into onditions are right: most businesses comptworks cheap and ubiquitous (compare E

L, WSDL/UDDI/SOAP, RosettaNet andices initiatives aim to be only inter-enterput some users must cope with them all - h

A Introduction

10

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

s

“Eve gone before and

start s of 'build and scrap l to 7 per cent of busin t $2,000bn, or 47 per c but we have run out o tory as we know it.”

Pa gy executive for

Ge f Defense. http://ww


Other enterprise issue

ry seven years, we have torn up what hased again … There have been eight cycle' since 1946. The first cost $100m, equaess investment at the time. The last cosent. The next would have cost $5,000bnf money: we have come to the end of his

ul A. Strassmann, former Chief Information Technoloneral Foods, Kraft, Xerox and the US Department ow.strassmann.com/

A Introduction

11

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

urn

•

New ears- O

• But c- Tw /I in production- G OL still in use

• We c ’s delivery platfo- W capital in code- Th en it’s time to

ch


The cost of technology ch

delivery technologies arrive every 5-10 yften an improvement (e.g. Java vs. C++)

ritical IT systems live 25+ yearso Zurich banks with 6 million lines of PL

artner estimates 180 billion lines of COB

an no longer afford to pretend that todayrm is the last one there’ll ever bee must stop investing all our intellectual at investment too difficult to withdraw whange platforms

A Introduction

12

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

•

In 20 on time, within budg

• 15%

• Of th- 41- 41- 27

(S ion III, © 2003)


Software quality

02 only 34% of US IT projects delivered et, and with all specified features

failed completely

e other, “challenged” 51%:% delivered less than 50% of spec% more than 50% over-time% more than 50% over-budget

ource: The Standish Group, CHAOS Chronicles Vers

A Introduction

13

25-Aug-2004

Generic MDA (11)

C with it?


ould this have something to do

A Introduction

14

25-Aug-2004Generic MDA (11)

th

• Origi

• Base

• Over

• Pepp

“Tth

“Aso


The Mythical Man Mon

nally written in 1975, still in print

d on Brooks’ OS/360 experience

250,000 copies sold

ered with pithy aphorisms, like:

he sooner you start, e longer it takes”

dding manpower to a late ftware project only makes it later”

A Introduction 1525-Aug-2004Generic MDA (11)

ith IT

• Com tary problems- B rk together- M ss between them- B nt technologies

• Each rs- C ist for decades- B cy technologies

• Too te & over-budget- IT eering discipline- B acture of software


Recap: Business problems w

plimentary technologies solve complimenut little thought goes into making them woiddleware helps inside enterprises, but leusiness needs better integration of curre

technology stays in vogue for a few yearitical applications created with each persusiness needs better integration of lega

many IT projects fail completely, or run la more of a cottage industry than an enginusiness needs better design and manuf


• How & use better tools- O- A- P wing a language”)- P schemas- M

• Ther- B end

• We n form APIs- “A


How to cope?

we always do - raise level of abstraction ctal/Hex machine code to assemblerssemblers to High-Level Languagesrocedural to OO HLLs (see Steele’s “Grohysical to logical to “semantic” database anual to automatic storage allocation

e’s always a fierce rearguard actionut greater abstraction always wins in the

eed to raise abstraction level above platbstract and automate”


re

• Rais loyment platform

• Main re-purposable mod- S- P yntax- D t platforms- G cripts,

de s etc.

• Inves assets, not code


Model-Driven Architectu

ing the level of abstraction above the dep

tain common design base as re-usable, el (Platform-Independent Model)tored in standards-based repositoryresented in standard UML visual model serived Platform-Specific Models for targeenerated platform interfaces, code, test sployment descriptors, database schema

t in models as the long-lived intellectual


n (1)Start with a Platform-independent model (PIM) representing business functionality and behaviour, undistorted by technology details

Platfo


Building an MDA applicatio

rm-independent model A detailed model, including pre- and post-conditions specified in OCL and semantics in Action Language


n (2)MDA tool helps apply a standard mapping to generate a Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM.

Platfo

C

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

CORmod



rm-independent model

Auto

olour Door

Map PIM to a specific middleware technology via OMG standard mapping

BAel


n (3)MDA tool helps apply a standard mapping to generate a Platform-Specific Model (PSM) from the PIM.

Platfo

CORmod

C

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door



rm-independent modelMap PIM to many middleware technologies via OMG standard mappings

BAel

XML/SOAPmodel

Othermodel

Auto

olour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

EJB/Javamodel


n (4)MDA tool generates all or most of the implementation code for deployment technologies.

Platfo

COR

C

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door



rm-independent modelMap PSM to application interfaces, code, SQL queries, etc.

BA EJB/ XML/ OtherJava SOAP

Auto

olour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door


n (5)MDA tools for reverse engineering automate discovery of models for re-integration on new platforms.

Platfo

LegaAp



rm-independent modelReverse engineer existing application into a model for integration

cy COTS

Other

p App

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door


Sim st Service

• Sma your home- B Warmer & Bast

• Cust ervice

• Thre d fulfilment- R- E- O b service

• Desi PSMs- O


ple example: Rosa’s Breakfa

ll business system - delivers breakfast toorrowed from “MDA Explained” Kleppe,

omers order breakfast via Web or Web s

e-tier application keeps track of orders anelational back-end databaseJB-based middle tierperated via JSP-based front end -or- We

gned using MDA with single PIM, multiplene PSM for each platform used


ustomertNumber : integers : Addressrder()

ardBreakfasttringalyle

Partquantity : integer

ible


Rosa’s PIMBreakfastOrder

deliveryAddress : AddressdeliveryDate : DatedeliveryTime : Timediscount : realorderDate : DatecalculatePrice()

CaccounaddrescreateO

Breakfastnumber : integer

Standname : Sprice : restyle : St

Comestiblename : stringminimalQuantity : integerprice : realtransportForm : string

Changequantity : integer

order

breakfasts

1

1..*orders customer

standard

1

1

comestiblecomest

1..*

1..*

*

*

*


ls

• Rela- R ers & customers

• Coar- A

• Java- U

• Web- A eb Services

• See mappings


Platform Specific Mode

tional PSMelational database schema for storing ord

se-grained Enterprise Java Beans PSMpplication logic implemented as EJBs

Server Pages PSMser interface for the application

Services PSMccess the order service via one or more W

“MDA explained” for detailed PIM -> PSM


Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

EPlatform-sp

RelationalPlatform-specific model

SQL source code


Automating bridges

Platform-independent model

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

Auto

Colour Door

JBecific model

EJB source code

Bridge movesdata between tiers


study

• Two re sample app- S n patterns- Ty application

• Two s. OptimalJSe Cfinal.pdf

• MDA itional” in 508- 35 ol on the job- M % faster next time

• Leve s was higher for the t am


Middleware Company MDA

parallel implementations of Sun’s Pet Stoun’s illustration of “Java Blueprints” desigpical 3-tier DB/Java/HTML e-commerce

3-person teams, “traditional” Java tools ve http://www.compuware.com/dl/MDAComparisonTM

team completed in 330 man-hours, “trad% effort saving, despite learning MDA to

DA team estimated they would be 10-20

l of bugs found during the testing procesraditional IDE team than the MDA-tool te


• Anot ce applicationSe gility_model_arch.pdf

• Code imalJ J2EE- 14- 3,- 60 creating models)- D 0 lines generated

• 30 m lJ EJB 1.1 version- N aged persistence- W anually”


EDS report

her study based on the Pet Store referene http://www.eds.com/thought/thought_leadership_a

d app using vanilla J2EE, .NET and Opt,000 hand-coded lines in J2EE

000 hand-coded lines in .NET/C#0 hand-coded lines in Java/OptimalJ (+

evelopers write only 1-4 lines for each 20

inutes to add EJB 2.0 features to Optimaew local interfaces, better container-manould have taken “several months to do m


n code

tier Config

with OptimalJ

412 30 56

2566


EDS study - lines of handwritte150001400013000120001100010000

900080007000600050004000300020001000

0Total lines

of codeUser

interfaceMiddle

tierData

J2EE.NETJ2EE

610

3484

14273

535

1881

5891

45863

5404

0684


Mi ce report

• Pair ing Petstore apps- Tr- C- S- In ervice- In ack shipments

• Trad 7% less (165 hrs)Se da2.pdf

• MDA es (pet matu (shipping costs)


ddleware Company maintenan

of 2-man teams add new features to existacking pet maturationalculating shipping costsoliciting supplier bids for new inventorytegrating with Amazon.com via its web stegrating with mainframe application to tr

itional team took 260 hours, MDA team 3e http://www.middleware-company.com/casestudym

advantage greatest for disruptive changration), break-even for smallest updates


udy

• Deut- 40- P ying property- 30 Bank offices

• Obje rame system- C application- O- M

(1co


Real-world MDA Case St

sche Bank Bauspar AG0 employees & 800,000 contracts

rovides savings & loans for customers bu,000 client machines at 1000 Deutsche

ctive: Provide web access to bank mainflassic large CICS / COBOL / DB2 legacyriginally purchased in1987igrated from IMS to DB2 993), Y2K/Euro nversion (1997-2001)


• Cust- V

• Field- 30 ine- W rer to Opera- N diversity

• Back- 20- N via better

au plications


Users of new system

omers - view contracts & check statusia the internet, any kind of browser

staff - make and support sales,000 workstations, sometimes used off-lindows to OS/2, Mozilla to Internet Exploeeded to reduce support cost of browser

office - finalises transactions0 Windows NT workstations

eeded to improve efficiency of back officetomation, better integration with sales ap


(1)

Business Layer

Logical Layer

Physical Layer

DB2

yerP

erWFMS

Mainframe

XML/MQSeries

Online

Offline

Back O


New application structure

Physical Layer

Logical Layer

Oracle

Front End LaServlets/JS

Business LayEJB

ServerXML/HTTPS

HTTPS

clients

clients

ffice


(2)

• Core- Fu same- N nd common code

• New- D- W- M- O not ready for DB2- C r transactions

• ArcS f new system
MD
Copyright ©2004, Object Management Group. All Rights reserved.

New application structure

functions remain on mainframendamental business model remains the

ew app for each type of user, share data a

integration tierual Sun Fire 280R serversebLogic EnterpriseQ Series queue managerracle 8.1.7 stores partially-complete dataustom workflow manager manages longe

tyler MDA tool used to build large parts o


tool

Series

Struts Form ClassesStruts Action ClassesDialogue configuration

WFMS process definitions

COBOL modulesXML parser/builderRPC Server Stubs

EJBsDeploymdescriptRPC Cli

Standarmethods

Data ac

Genera

Value oSAX haJ-Unit te


Artifacts generated by MDA

Business Layer

Logical Layer

Physical Layer

DB2

Physical Layer

Logical Layer

Oracle

Front End LayerServlets/JSP

Business LayerEJB WFMS

Server

Mainframe

XML/MQ

ent orsent stubs

d access

cess objects

l Server-side

bjectsndlerst classes


tages

Series

40%6

70%

60%

90%

9

7


Code generation percen

Business Layer

Logical Layer

Physical Layer

DB2

Physical Layer

Logical Layer

Oracle

Front End LayerServlets/JSP

Business LayerEJB WFMS

Server

Mainframe

XML/MQ

0%

0%

0%


• Web ffice mainframe

• Larg m models- e. ated

• Codi consumed 5-10%

• Over t 40% compared to no- M to maintain &

de


DB Bauspar results

access for “legacy” (i.e. working!) back-o

e parts of new applications generated frog. 100% of XML interfaces directly gener

ng and maintaining generation templates of overall project effort

all cost & time-scale savings estimated an-MDA approachodels a long-lived asset that can be usedvelop system in future


MDA oblems


Summary

addresses key software development pr

poor technology integration

difficult legacy integration

rapid technology churn

poor software quality

low productivity


• Slide /ajw_generic

• MDA

• Fast .htm

• Ema


For further Information

s: ftp://ftp.omg.org/pub/presentations

: http://www.omg.org/mda

Start: http://www.omg.org/faststart/index

il: [email protected]

Introduction to Model Driven Architecturedownload.microsoft.com/documents/uk/msdn/... · 8/25/2004...

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Transcript of Introduction to Model Driven Architecturedownload.microsoft.com/documents/uk/msdn/... · 8/25/2004...