Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics.indico.ictp.it/.../contribution/73/material/0/1.pdf ·...
Transcript of Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics.indico.ictp.it/.../contribution/73/material/0/1.pdf ·...
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310/1749-9
ICTP-COST-CAWSES-INAF-INFNInternational Advanced School
on Space Weather2-19 May 2006
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Introduction to Middle AtmosphericDynamics
Kevin Peardon HAMILTONProfessor and Chair
Department of Meteorology, andInternational Pacific Research Center (IPRC)
University of Hawai`i at ManoaHonolulu, HI 96822
USA
___________________________________________________________________________These lecture notes are intended only for distribution to participants
310/1749-9
ICTP-COST-CAWSES-INAF-INFNInternational Advanced School
on Space Weather2-19 May 2006
���������������������������������������������������������������������
Introduction to Middle AtmosphericDynamics
Kevin Peardon HAMILTONProfessor and Chair
Department of Meteorology, andInternational Pacific Research Center (IPRC)
University of Hawai`i at ManoaHonolulu, HI 96822
USA
___________________________________________________________________________These lecture notes are intended only for distribution to participants
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Introduction to Middle Atmospheric Dynamics
Kevin HamiltonInternational Pacific Research Center, and
Department of MeteorologyUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa
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Zonal Mean and Eddy Components
" Overall the strongest gradients in circulation are north-south rather than east-west
So we describe circulation as zonal-mean(average around latitude circles) plus eddy(deviations form zonal-mean) components
Zonal-mean circulation consists of generally strong zonal flow and much weaker overturning circulation in the meridional plane (mean meridional circulation, MMC)
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Zonal Mean and Eddy Components
" Overall the strongest gradients in circulation are north-south rather than east-west
" So we describe circulation as zonal-mean(average around latitude circles) plus eddy(deviations form zonal-mean) components
Zonal-mean circulation consists of generally strong zonal flow and much weaker overturning circulation in the meridional plane (mean meridional circulation, MMC)
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Zonal Mean and Eddy Components
" Overall the strongest gradients in circulation are north-south rather than east-west
" So we describe circulation as zonal-mean(average around latitude circles) plus eddy(deviations form zonal-mean) components
" Zonal-mean circulation consists of generally strong zonal flow and much weaker overturning circulation in the meridional plane (mean meridional circulation, MMC)
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Dominant Balances Determining the MMC
� Write nonlinear advection in terms of eddy flux convergences
� Look for steady state� Consider only dominant terms for extratropical
region
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"Transformed-Eulerian" Equations
" Define a transformed MMC that is "forced" (mostly) by the diabatic heating
" Effects of eddy fluxes on the zonal mean takes the form of an "Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux divergence
" TE MMC is close to Lagrangian MMC
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Tropical Middle Atmosphere
Quasi-biennial Oscillation
Semiannual Oscillation
Tropical Effects on Extratropics
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Tropical Mean Flow DynamicsNear the equator the eddy forcing of zonal-
mean momentum (EP flux divergence) is not balanced by Coriolis torques, but directly forces mean flow accelerations
Sustained, but self-limiting eddy driven mean flow forcing comes from upward-propagating gravity waves (and related equatorial-planetary waves)
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Tropical Mean Flow Dynamics
" Near the equator the eddy forcing of zonal-mean momentum (EP flux divergence) is not balanced by Coriolis torques, but directly forces mean flow accelerations
Sustained, but self-limiting eddy driven mean flow forcing comes from upward-propagating gravity waves (and related equatorial-planetary waves)
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Tropical Mean Flow Dynamics
" Near the equator the eddy forcing of zonal-mean momentum (EP flux divergence) is not balanced by Coriolis torques, but directly forces mean flow accelerations
" Sustained, but self-limiting eddy driven mean flow forcing comes from upward-propagating gravity waves (and related equatorial-planetary waves)
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