Introduction to Microgrids & Control Solutions...grid via coupling point üManage decentralized...
Transcript of Introduction to Microgrids & Control Solutions...grid via coupling point üManage decentralized...
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Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2016 All rights reserved.
Introduction to Microgrids &Control Solutions
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Industry Perspective on Microgrid
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Microgrid Market Potential to Exceed $670 Million
Take Away• A Five increase from 2014
($133 million) to 2017 ($671million)
• Project cost $/kW to decreaseby cost efficiency gains incontroller development andproject development
• Beside generation vendors,the biggest opportunities willbe controller, modeling andswitching providers
Take Away• A Five increase from 2014
($133 million) to 2017 ($671million)
• Project cost $/kW to decreaseby cost efficiency gains incontroller development andproject development
• Beside generation vendors,the biggest opportunities willbe controller, modeling andswitching providers
Source: GTM Research 2014
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Consumers Initiatives towards Microgrid and More
ü Goldman Sachs (2020)
ü Johnson & Johnson (2050)
ü Nike (2025)
ü Procter & Gamble
ü Salesforce
ü Starbucks
ü Steelcase
ü Voya Financial (2015)
ü Walmart
9 Massive US Companies Pledge To GO100% Renewable
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Microgrid Definition
üScaled-down power system
ü Local generation andconsumption of power
üTypically connected with maingrid via coupling point
üManage decentralized energy,including renewables & storage,in a local environment
üAllow for optimizing controllableloads and building automation
CHP
PV, Wind
Energy Storage – Thermal /electrical
ControllableLoad
UtilityGrid
Points ofCommon Coupling
MicrogridController
Limited or notControllableEnergy Resources
Controllable Generation
Fuel cells
Back up gen setsUPS
CriticalLoad
Turbine, Recipengine
Geothermal
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• Wind, Solar, other RES• GT, ST, CHP, Fuel Cell, Diesel Gen-sets• Battery, UPS, Other ESS
Mixed Generation Assets
• Critical vs. Non-Critical• Controllable vs. Non-Controllable• Sheddable vs. Non-Sheddable
Complicated Load Profile
• Grid-Connected vs. Off-Grid• Black start• Re-synchronization to the Grid
Complex Modes of Operations
Three Pillars of a Microgrid System
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Role of a Microgrid Controller
Components (SW and HW):
Field layer§ DG: Solar PV, Wind turbine,
combustion engine, CHP, CCHP§ Energy Storage: Battery, ultra
capacitor, flywheel, E-car§ Grid components: switchgear,
distribution line, transformer,protection§ Power consumer mgmt.
Control & supervisory§ Central mgmt. & control comp.§ Operation tool for baselining &
decision logic (e.g.weatherforecast)
System layer§ Power electronics: Smart
inverter, smart connection§ Smart controller (DG,
storage, loads)
Communication layer§ IT-communication§ Smart meters, sensors
• Monitor and Control all Assets: SCADA
• Balance Supply and Demand: Frequency Control
• Manage Sufficient and Safe Voltage: Voltage Control
• Energy Management: Scheduling Generation & Storage
• Transition between Island and Grid-connected States
• Manage a Black Out Situation: Black Start Restoration
• Respond to Utility’s Demand Response Request
• Optimize the Microgrid for Maximum Asset Utilization
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy
EnergyTrading
SCADA
LoadForecast
GenerationForecast
GenerationOptimization
FrequencyRegulation
VoltageRegulation
LoadManagement
Archiving
Tertiary ControlPower Quality
Analyzer
AutomaticIslanding &
Resynchronization
EmergencyDemand
Response
Secondary Control
Power Quality ProtocolConversion
Distributed Energy Resources
PrimaryController
BuildingMgmt
EnergyStorageEVFMS
FuelCellDieselPV
OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch
Primary Power System Equipment
Local ControlSCADAAdvanced Functions Secondary ControlKey:
Less Fast
Fast
Very Fast
MGMS
PowerAutomation
Systems
Local Control
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Local Control
Distributed Energy Resources
PrimaryController
BuildingMgmt
EnergyStorageEVFMS
FuelCellDieselPV
OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch
Primary Power System Equipment
Primary Power System Equipment
Switch/Circuit Breakers Protection and Control Devicesand Power Meters
On-load Tap ChangerController
Genset Controller
Local ControlKey:
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Local Control
Distributed Energy Resources
PrimaryController
BuildingMgmt
EnergyStorageEVFMS
FuelCellDieselPV
OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch
Primary Power System Equipment
Distributed Energy Resources
PV Cells / Solar Inverter Diesel Generators Energy Storage(Batteries)
Building ManagementSystem
Fuel Cells
Local ControlKey:
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy
EnergyTrading
SCADA
LoadForecast
GenerationForecast
GenerationOptimization
FrequencyRegulation
VoltageRegulation
LoadManagement
Archiving
Tertiary ControlPower Quality
Analyzer
AutomaticIslanding &
Resynchronization
EmergencyDemand
Response
Secondary Control
Power Quality ProtocolConversion
Distributed Energy Resources
PrimaryController
BuildingMgmt
EnergyStorageEVFMS
FuelCellDieselPV
OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch
Primary Power System Equipment
Local ControlSCADAAdvanced Functions Secondary ControlKey:
Less Fast
Fast
Very Fast
MGMS
PowerAutomation
Systems
Local Control
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Secondary Control
AutomaticIslanding &
Resynchronization
EmergencyDemand
ResponsePower Quality ProtocolConversion
Secondary ControlKey:
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Secondary Control
AutomaticIslanding &
Resynchronization
EmergencyDemand
ResponsePower Quality ProtocolConversion
Secondary ControlKey:
Secondary Control
Engineering andMaintenance Station
RedundantSCADA Servers
Control Room Interface to BuildingAutomation System
TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Secondary Control
Secondary Control – Communications Network
Engineering andMaintenance Station
RedundantSCADA Servers
Control Room Interface to BuildingAutomation System
TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850
Primary Equipment
TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850
RedundantController
Gateway
Modbus/Profibus
Meter
Primary EquipmentPrimary Equipment
Non-RedundantController
TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850
CentralController
Primary Equipment
TCP/IP Modbus / IEC 61850
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Power Quality
Power QualityIEEE States:
“ Power quality is the concept of powering and grounding sensitive equipment in a matter that issuitable to the operation of that equipment “.
The need for Quality Power - Every market is exposed by financial losses due to power availabilityand voltage quality. Minimizing losses due to power quality issues starts in identifying andunderstanding the problem.
Power reliability is truly a business and operations issue rather than merely an inconvenience.
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Power Quality
Power Quality
ElectricalSystem
Harmonics
Reactive Power
Flicker
Unbalance
Loads
ElectricalSystem Loads
Harmonic Predistortion
Voltage Dips / Swells
Voltage Variations
Interruption
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy – Power Quality
Page 17
Offi
ceLe
vel
(Ana
lysi
s)
§ One Location for all Power Quality Data
§ Both Quick and Detailed Review
of your Power Quality
§ Analysis and Reports
Power Quality Analyzer
§E
xete
nded
faul
trec
ord
anal
ysis
Sub
stat
ion
Leve
l(A
rchi
ving
)
PQS Archive§ Fault records§ Power Quality data§ PDR records
§ Topological Information§ Evaluation results
§ Fault location reports§ Scheduled reports
§ Fault location§ Grid Code evaluation§ Creating scheduled Reports
Power Automation Services§ Notification via E-Mail & SMS§ COMTRADE / PQ Dif Export§ Report Export
Protection devices Fault recorder PQ Recorder
Pro
cess
Leve
l
(Rec
ordi
ng)
Power Meter
§ IEC61850§ Profibus FMS
:
§ Autom. COMTRADE Import§ Autom. PQ Dif Import
:
Snapshotof
Disturbances§ Modbus§ Profibus DP
:
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Typical Design Example
Point ofCommon
Coupling toGrid
Critical Loads
DispatchableGeneration
RenewableGeneration
EnergyStorage
UtilityService
MCL #2 MCL #3
MCL #1
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Microgrid Control Hierarchy
EnergyTrading
SCADA
LoadForecast
GenerationForecast
GenerationOptimization
FrequencyRegulation
VoltageRegulation
LoadManagement
Archiving
Tertiary ControlPower Quality
Analyzer
AutomaticIslanding &
Resynchronization
EmergencyDemand
Response
Secondary Control
Power Quality ProtocolConversion
Distributed Energy Resources
PrimaryController
BuildingMgmt
EnergyStorageEVFMS
FuelCellDieselPV
OLTCRelays/MetersBreakersCouplingSwitch
Primary Power System Equipment
Local ControlSCADAAdvanced Functions Secondary ControlKey:
Less Fast
Fast
Very Fast
MGMS
PowerAutomation
Systems
Local Control
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Microgrid Control Solutions
• Grid health• Fast detection of grid failure• Power quality, freq/ voltage• Alarming• …
Monitor
• Freq/Volt control• Reserve management• Fast grid restoration• Black start sequence• Load and generation controls• Fast Load shedding• …
Control • Mode of operations• Economic Dispatch• “When to generate what and why”
to provide secure power tomission critical loads
• …
Optimize
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Advanced Microgrid Control Solutions
Load andRenewableGeneration
Forecast
MicrogridOptimization
Module
Generation &Load ControlFeedback
Load andGenerationSchedules
Control Commands
Weather DataFeed
Historical Loadand
GenerationData
Min ∑ cost–or-
Min ∑ emissions
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Net-Load
Load
-1250
-750
-250
250
750
1250
1750
0:00 2:24 4:48 7:12 9:36 12:00 14:24 16:48 19:12 21:36 0:00
PV Output
MGMS OverviewDay-ahead Forecast and Scheduling based on Optimization
Grid Expensive $$$
Discharge Storage
Gas Generation Online
Grid Normal $$
Charge Storage
Grid Cheap $
Discharge Storage
Grid Cheap $
Charge Storage
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Advanced Microgrid Control Solutions
Reliable PowerRenewable Integration
Cost SavingsEmission
Security
Reliable Efficient Sustainable Secure• Alarming• Frequency Control• Voltage Control• Reserve Management• Grid to Island
Transition• Fast Load Shed• Island to Grid Resynch• Black Start
Restoration• Power Quality Analysis
• Optimal economicdispatch & Unitcommitment
• Simple Deployment• Autonomous or Simple
Operation• Demand Charge
Management• Bid energy markets or
ancillary services• Interface/optimize energy
storage
• Emission Optimization• Solar & wind
forecasting• Maximum penetration
of renewables viastorage optimization
Nee
dsB
enef
itsFu
nctio
ns
• Strong security,platformbased on utility-levelsystem
• Patch management• Security architecture &
design• Cyber vulnerability
assessment• Access control• Security in lifecycle• Information security
governance
High-Level CustomerRequirements
Advanced MicrogridControl SolutionBenefits
Specific FunctionalRequirements
Resiliency
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MGMS: Grid Connected
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MGMS: Islanded
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Advanced Microgrid Controls Enables Integrated Grid
• Interconnected Grid to Integrated Grid• Better integrate renewables, storage and
other DER• Grid recovery and healing• Optimization of system energy and load
management
Unidirectional Power Flow Bidirectional Power Flow
Offshore Wind Parks
Large ScalePV Plant
Small IndustrialGas Turbine
Biogas CHPDiesel Generator
StorageSolutions
ElectricalVehicles
Private Solar
Smart StreetLighting
Hydrogen Storage
StorageSolutions
Pumped StoragePower Plant
Microgrids
• Advanced Microgrid Controls enable:• Transparency and data accessibility• Prosumers• Distribution-level power markets• Grid stability• Safety and protection
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Contact
Maggie CloutBusiness Development ManagerMicrogridMobile: 404-426-3068Email: [email protected]