Introduction to Microcontroller Apps for Amateur Radio...

Introduction to Microcontroller Apps

for Amateur Radio Projects

Using the HamStack Platform

www.sierraradio.net

www.hamstack.com

Topics

• Introduction

• Hardware options

• Software development

• HamStack project examples

Ideas for Projects Using PIC Microcontrollers

• TR sequencer

• Memory keyer

• CW keyboard

• Station power controller

• Rotor controller

• Tone generator

• Test equipment controller

• Speaker / audio router

• Repeater controller

• Fox hunt tx controller

• Radio control

• Morse code decoder

• APRS encoder

• Frequency counter

• Battery monitor

• Audio meter

Frequent Question That We Get…

I have a project in mind, what should I use?

PIC?

Arduino?

Basic Stamp?

C Language?

Assembly?

Basic?

Embedded Linux?

Scratch-Built code?

Board?

Chip?

Module?

Our Answer…

• Microchip PIC 18F

• Max flash (64k) & RAM (4k)

• SPI, I2C, UART, PWM, A/D

• 30 IO pins

• 40 MHz to 64 MHz

• Arduino compatible board layout

• Built in voltage regulator and RS232

• Uses Microchip PicKit programmers

• Free C compiler

• Free Basic language compiler

The HamStack Platform

Topics

• Introduction




Picking a Microcontroller…

Selection Criteria for Ham Radio Projects

• Cheap

• Easy to program (relatively)

• Serial interface (for control and configuration)

• Fast

• Non-volatile flash memory (program and data)

• 5V supply and I/O

• Wide variety of IO besides digital in/out…

– A/D converter, SPI, UART, I2C, PWM (tone), etc…

• DIP package

• Code examples

• Big eco-system

• RF immune

• Low noise generation

PIC

18Fxxxx

Family

Processing Horsepower

PIC

Microcontroller

1 MIP 16 MIPs

<

Devices for Hobby Projects

Basic StampArduino

Atmel AVR

Microchip

PIC

Chips Modules Boards

HamStack

CPU ComparisonArduino HamStack Parallax

Processor ATMega328 PIC 18F46K22 Basic Stamp IISpeed 20 MHz 64 MHz 20 MHzInstructions per second 20,000,000 16,000,000 4,000RAM 2,028 bytes 4,096 bytes 25 bytesFlash memory for program store 32,000 64,000 2,048Flash memory for data storage 1024 bytes 1024 bytes None

Onboard Peripherals8 Bit counter / timer 2 3 None16 bit counter / timer 1 4 NonePWM 6 5 Yes10 bit A to D converter 6 25 NoneSerial UART 1 2 1SPI serial interface 1 2 NoneI2C serial interface 1 2 NoneDigital IO pins 14 30 16Total IO pins at any time 20 30 16

Form Assembled Kit Assembled

CPU board $ 29.00 $ 39.00 $ 49.00

Arduino HamStack ParallaxProcessor ATMega328 PIC 18F4620 Basic Stamp IIVendor Atmel Microchip PIC Microchip PIC

Speed 20 MHz 40 MHz 20 MHzRAM 2,028 bytes 4,096 bytes 25 bytes

Flash memory for program store 32,000 64,000 2,048

Flash memory for data storage 1024 bytes 1024 bytes None

Onboard Peripherals

8 Bit counter / timer 2 1 None

16 bit counter / timer 1 3 NonePWM 6 5 Yes

10 bit A to D converter 6 13 NoneSerial UART 1 1 1SPI serial interface 1 1 None

I2C serial interface 1 1 NoneDigital IO pins 14 30 16

Total IO pins at any time 20 30 16Form factor Board Board ChipKit/Assembled Assembled Kit Assembled

CPU board / module $ 29.00 $ 39.00 $ 49.00

What’s Inside a PIC 18Fxxxx CPU Chip?

Lets Use the 18F2620…

• CPU up to 10 MIPS performance (40 MHz)

• CPU up to 16 MIPS performance (64 MHz)

• C, Assembler, Basic compiler support

• 8 x 8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiply

• System Internal oscillator support 31 kHz to 8 MHz

• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor – allows safe shutdown if clock fails

• Watchdog Timer with separate RC oscillator

• Wide operating Voltage range; 2.0V to 5.5V

• nanoWatt Power Managed Modes Run, Idle and Sleep modes

• Idle mode currents down to 5.8uA typical

• Sleep mode currents down to 0.1uA typical

• Analog Features 10-bit ADC, 10 channels, 100K samples/second

• Programmable Low Voltage Detection Module

• Programmable Brown-out Reset module

• Two Analog comparators with input multiplexing

• Peripherals Master Synchronous Serial Port supports SPI ™ and

I2C™ Master and Slave Mode

• EUSART module including LIN bus support

• Four Timer Modules

• Up to 2 PWM outputs

18F2620 – 18F4620 – 18F8722

All code compatible, just more pins…

28 Pins

40 Pins

80 Pins

Minimum Configuration

PicKit2 Programmer

Power Input

User Configurable I/O Pins

PicKit2 Programmer

Power Input

6 Analog Input

Or

Digital I/O Pins

13 Digital I/O Pins

Many Special Purpose I/O Pins

PicKit2 Programmer

Power Input

6 Analog Input

Or

Digital I/O Pins

Timers

PWM

SPI / I2C

Clock SPI Data In

or I2C Data

SPI data out

UART

Interrupt

PWM

Let’s Add Some Additional Input / Output Devices

Analog

Inputs

Digital

Inputs

Digital

Outputs

Now Lets Add an RS-232 Interface

RS-232

Interface

• Microchip PIC 18F

• Max flash (64k) & RAM (4k)

• SPI, I2C, UART, PWM, A/D

• 30 IO pins

• 40 MHz to 64 MHz

• Arduino compatible board layout

• Built in voltage regulator and RS232

• Uses Microchip PicKit programmers

• Free C compiler

• Free Basic language compiler


Arduino

Compatability

Arduino UnoHamStack

RS232 Rx -

RS232 Tx -

RE2 Digital IO -

RA4 Digital IO / Mode button -

RC1 Digital IO / PWM 2 -

RC2 Digital IO / PWM 1 -

Status LED -

Programming pin (data) -

Programming pin (clock) -

RB4 Digital IO -

RB3 Digital IO -

RB2 Digital IO -

RB1 Digital IO -

RB0 Digital IO -

Reset Reset

3.3v 3.3v

5v 5v

Ground Ground

Ground Ground

External input voltage External input voltage

Bias (2.5v not supplied by CPU board) Aref

Ground Ground

RC3 Digital IO / SPI CK / I2C Clock (13) Digital IO / SPI CK / LED

RC5 Digital IO / SPI DO (12) Digital IO / SPI DO

RC4 Digital IO / SPI DI / I2C Data (11) Digital IO / PWM / SPI DI

RA5 Digital IO / SPI SS / (10) Digital IO / PWM / SPI SS

RD7 Digital IO / UART 2 Rx (9) Digital IO / PWM

RD6 Digital IO / UART 2 Tx (8) Digital IO

RA0 Digital IO / AN0 analog in 0 Analog in 0




RE0 Digital IO / AN4 analog in 4 Analog in 4 / I2C Data

RE1 Digital IO / AN5 analog in 5 Analog in 5 / I2C Clock

RD5 Digital IO (7) Digital IO

RD4 Digital IO (6) Digital IO / PWM

RD3 Digital IO (5) Digital IO / PWM

RD2 Digital IO (4) Digital IO

RD1 Digital IO (3) Digital IO / PWM / Interrupt

RD0 Digital IO (2) Digital IO / Interrupt input

RC6 Digital IO / Serial UART 1 Tx (1) Digital IO / Serial UART Tx

RC7 Digital IO / Serial UART 1 Rx (0) Digital IO / Serial UART Rx

HamStack CPU Board

Stacking Board Concept

CPU Board

Accessory

Board

“Project Board”

Dual relay board

stacked on top of

the CPU board

ZigBee RF Module

Topics

• Introduction




Software Development Flow

Edit source code

Compile

program

Download into

CPU

Run program

Use any ASCII text editortest.c

Compile or assemble into executable filetest.hex

Use PicKit2 or similar programmer to

transfer the .hex file into the program store

flash memory in the PIC

It’s alive !

Compilers – Microchip MPLAB IDE & Assembler

Text editor

Assembler

Debugger

Free !

Microchip C18 Compiler Full-featured C compiler

ANSI compliant

Compatibility with object

modules generated by the

MPASM assembler

Extensive library support

• PWM

• SPI

• I2C

• UART, USART

• string manipulation

• math libraries

Free version available

Swordfish Basic Editor/CompilerPowerful and easy to

use basic language

• String handling

• Relational operations

• Boolean Logic Operators

• Floating Point Math

• In line assembly

• Graphical LCD support

• Compact Flash

• USB in/out

• SPI

• I2C

• DS OneWire

• UART ASCII

Lite version $FREE

Full version $150

All Programs Have a Common

Control Program Structure

Initialize Program

Read Inputs

Make Decisions

Write Outputs

Subroutine Library

Loop forever

“Blinky” Written in Swordfish Basic

' ============================================================================

' blinky.bas

' Blinking LED demo using Swordfish Basic

' ============================================================================

Device 18F4620 ' Select device type

Clock = 10 ' Set clock frequency to 40 MHz

TRISC.1 = 0 ' Set pin C1 connected to the status LED to be an output

While true

Low PORTC.1 ' Set pin C1 low (0 volts) LED on

DelayMS (200) ' Delay 200 ms

High PORTC.1 ' Set pin C1 high (5 volts) LED off

DelayMS (200) ' Delay 200 ms

Wend ‘ Loop forever

“Blinky” Written in Microchip C18

/* blinky.c - This is a simple program that blinks the status LED */

#include <p18cxxx.h> /* Use PIC18 processor family */

#pragma config WDT = OFF /* Turn off watchdog timer checking */

/************************************************************************/

void delay (void) /* Delay subroutine */

{

long i; /* Declare variable i as a long integer */

for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++); /* Increment the counter */

}

/************************************************************************/

/************************************************************************/

void main (void)

{

TRISC = 0; /* Set IO register C to output mode */

while (1) /* Loop forever */

LATCbits.LATC1 = 0; /* Turn on status LED */

delay (); /* Wait by calling the delay subroutine */

LATCbits.LATC1 = 1; /* Turn off status LED */

delay (); /* Wait by calling the delay subroutine */

}

}

/************************************************************************/

For Advanced Projects - HamStack C Library

Cooperative multi-tasking kernel supports…

• Unlimited number of milisecond timers

• Sine wave tone generation

• Interrupt driven serial port send and receive

• Interrupt driven CW generation

• Interrupt driven DTMF generation

• 2 line x 16 character LCD display

• Shift register digital i/o expansion

• A/D converter support

• Dallas Semiconductor DS18B20 one-wire digital temperature chip

• Interrupt driven rotary encoder support, for user controls

• CW keyer functions

In-Circuit Programmer Downloads the ProgramOpen the .hex file Hit the “Write” button

Topics

• Introduction




Temperature Controlled Fan

In High-Power Dummy Load

GPIO Board with CPU Module

Serial

Hub

RS232

RS232

RS232

RS

485

RS

485

RS

485

RS

485

RS

485

RS

485

HamStack CPU &

General Purpose IO Boards

PC

“Virtual Control Head”

software

Hardware

Control Head

Elecraft K3

AC Power Relay

Antenna Relay

Temperature Probe

Voltage Probe

Station Control Demonstration

GPIO Board

HamStack Project Board

HamStack Project Board Keyer

CPU Board kit


Accessories

Starter Pack

Project PackGPIO Board kit

www.sierraradio.net www.hamstack.com

Introduction to Microcontroller Apps for Amateur Radio...

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