Introduction to Management LECTURE 9: Introduction to Management MGT 101 1.
Introduction To Management
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Transcript of Introduction To Management
MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTALS
Management Key ConceptsManagement Key Concepts
Organizations: People working together and coordinating their actions to achieve specific goals.
Goal: A desired future condition that the organization seeks to achieve.
Management: The process of using organizational resources to achieve the organization’s goals
Cont….Cont….
Resources are organizational assets and include:
Man,
Machinery,
Materials,
Money
Managers - to meet its goals.
Organizational PerformanceOrganizational Performance
Managers use resources effectively and
efficiently to satisfy customers and to achieve
goals.
Efficiency: A measure of how well resources
are used to achieve a goal.
Effectiveness: A measure of the
appropriateness of the goals chosen (are
these the right goals?), and the degree to
which they are achieved.
INTRODUCTION
One of the most important human
activities is managing.
Managing has been essential to ensure
the coordination of individual efforts.
Task of managers has been rising in
importance.
CONCEPT OF MANAGEMENT
The term management is used in three
alternative ways:
• Management as a discipline,
• Management as a group of people, and
• Management as a process.
1.Field of Study -Management principles,
techniques, functions, etc-Profession
2.Team or Class of people-Individual who
performs managerial activities or may be a
group of persons
3.Process-Managerial activities -planning,
organizing, staffing, directing, controlling.
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
DEFINITION-MANAGEMENT
• F.W. Taylor -“Art of knowing what you want to do and
then seeing that it is done the best and cheapest way”.
• Henry Fayol –“To Manage is to forecast, to plan, to
organise, to command, to co-ordinate and to control”.
• Peter F.Drucker –”Management is work and as such it
has its own skills, its own tools and its own
techniques”.
• “Management is the art of getting things done
through and with people”.
Different context of defining
management:
There are four such orientations have been
adopted in defining management process:
• Production-or efficiency-oriented,
• Decision-oriented,
• People-oriented, and
• Function-oriented.
Production- or Efficiency-oriented Definition:
“Management is the art of knowing what you
want to do and then seeing that it is done in the
best and cheapest way”
Decision-oriented Definitions:
“Management is simply the process of
decision making and control over the action
of human beings for the expressed purpose
of attaining predetermined goals”
People oriented Definitions:
“Management is the accomplishment of
results through the efforts of other people”
Function oriented Definitions:
“To manage is to forecast and to plan, to
organize, to coordinate and to control”
NATURE AND SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
The nature of management can be described as follows:
• Multidisciplinary
• Dynamic nature of principles
• Relative, not absolute principles
• Management: Science or Art
• Management as profession
• Universality of management
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGEMENT
The importance of management may be traced
in the following contexts:
• Effective Utilisation of Resources
• Development of Resources
• To incorporate Innovations
• Integrating Various Interest Groups
• Stability in the Society
MANGEMENT IS AN ART AND SCIENCE
Art
•Practical know how
•Technical skills
•Concrete results
•Creativity
•Personalised nature
Science
•Empirically Derived
•Critically tested
•General principles
•Cause and effect
relationship
•Universal
applicability
Functions of Management Functions of Management
The following are the functions of
management:
Planning,
Organizing,
Staffing,
Directing or Leading and
Controlling.
Management Process Management Process
PlanningPlanningChoose Choose GoalsGoals
OrganizingOrganizingWorking Working togethertogether
DirectingDirecting Coordinate
ControllingControllingMonitor & measureMonitor & measure
StaffingEmployment
PlanningPlanning
Planning means “the determination of what is
to be done, how and where it is to be done, who
is to do it, and how the results are to be
evaluated.”
OrganisingOrganising
Organising refers to the systematic arrangement
of different aspects of the business operations to
achieve the planned objectives.
Staffing
Staffing involves “man in the organisational
structure through proper and effective selection,
appraisal and development of personnel to fill
the roles designed into the structure.”
DirectingDirecting
In Directing, managers determine direction, state
a clear vision for employees to follow, and help
employees understand the role they play in
attaining goals.
ControllingControlling
In controlling, managers evaluate how well the
organization is achieving its goals and takes
corrective action to improve performance.
Management LevelsManagement Levels
Organizations often have 3 levels of managers:
First-line Managers
Middle Managers
Top Managers
Top Top ManagersManagers
Middle Middle ManagersManagers
First-line ManagersFirst-line Managers
Non-managementNon-management
Three Levels of ManagementThree Levels of Management
Roles of ManagerRoles of Manager
A role is a set of specific tasks a person performs
because of the position they hold.
Roles are directed inside as well as outside the
organization.
There are 3 broad role categories:
1. Interpersonal
2. Informational
3. Decisional
Interpersonal RolesInterpersonal Roles
Roles managers assume to coordinate and
interact with employees and provide
direction to the organization.
Figurehead role
Leader role
Liaison role
Informational RolesInformational Roles
Associated with the tasks needed to obtain
and transmit information for management
of the organization.
Monitor role
Disseminator role
Spokesperson role
Decisional RolesDecisional Roles
Associated with the methods managers use
to plan strategy and utilize resources to
achieve goals.
Entrepreneur role
Disturbance handler role
Resource allocator role
Negotiator role
Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
There are three skill sets that managers
need to perform effectively.
1. Conceptual skills
2. Human skills
3. Technical skills
Skill Type Needed by Manager LevelSkill Type Needed by Manager Level
TopManagers
MiddleManagers
LineManagers
Conceptual Human Technical
Thank you