Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.
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Transcript of Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.
![Page 1: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introduction to limbs
Sanjaya AdikariDepartment of Anatomy
![Page 2: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Main topics covered
• Skeleton
• Superficial nerves/veins – only the important
ones
• Dermatomes
• Muscle compartments – attachment & action
of muscle groups and their innervation
• Brachial plexus & lumbosacral plexus
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Main topics….
• Special regions: axilla, cubital fossa, carpal
tunnel, snuff box, femoral triangle, cubital
fossa, gluteal region etc.
• Joints with ligaments
• Arterial anastomoses
• Lymph drainage
![Page 4: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Skeleton• Axial
• Skull
• Vertebral column & ribs
• Appendicular
• Limb girdles
• Bones of the limbs
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Upper limb
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Skeleton
Shoulder/pectoral girdle
Arm
Fore arm
Wrist
Hand
(humerus)
(radius, ulna)
(carpal bones)
(metacarpals, phalanges)
![Page 7: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Superficial veins & nerves
![Page 8: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Dermatomes
![Page 9: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Muscles of the shoulder
• Flexors
• Extensors
• Internal/medial rotators
• External/ lateral rotators
• Abductors
• Adductors
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Compartments of the right arm• Anterior
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
N:
musculocutaneo
us
C5, C6• Posterior
Triceps
N: Radial nerve
C7, C8
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Contents of
the right arm
compartments
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Compartments of the right forearm
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor digitorum profundus
Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres……….
Flexor digitorum superficialis
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Brachial plexus
![Page 14: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Axilla
Anterior wall
Posterior wall
Medial wall
Lateral wall
Apex
Floor
Transverse section
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Cubital fossa
![Page 16: Introduction to limbs Sanjaya Adikari Department of Anatomy.](https://reader037.fdocuments.net/reader037/viewer/2022102713/56649d135503460f949e7364/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Anterior aspect of wrist
• Median and ulnar
nerves
• Radial and ulnar
arteries
• Tendons of flexor
muscles
• Flexor retinaculum
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Carpal tunnel
Palmar branch of median nerve
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Anatomical snuffbox
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Hand
• Dorsum
• Palm
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Joints with ligaments
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Anastomosis around the elbow
Scapular anastomosis
Arterial anastomoses
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Axillary lymph nodes
lateralapical
central
anteriorposterior
supraclavicularTo thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
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Lower limb
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Skeleton
Thigh
Leg
Ankle
Foot
(femur)
(tibia, fibula)
(tarsal bones)
(metatarsals, phalanges)
Pelvic girdle
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Skeleton of the foot
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Superficial veins & nerves
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Posterior arch vein
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Adductor canal perforator
Below knee perforator
Lateral perforatorUpper medial perforator
Middle medial perforator
Lower medial perforatorLevel of medial malleolus
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Dermatomes
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Fascia Lata
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Femoral sheath
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Compartments of the right thigh
Fascia lata
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Innervation
Anterior
compartment
Femoral nerve
Medial
compartment
Obturator nerve
Posterior
compartment
Sciatic nerve
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Compartments of the right leg
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Anterior
compartment
Deep peroneal
nerve
Lateral
compartment
Superficial
peroneal nerve
Posterior
compartment
Tibial nerve
Innervation
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Lumbosacral plexus
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Femoral triangle
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Gluteal region
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Popliteal fossa
Right
BicepsSeMemSeTend
GastrocGastroc
Popliteal surface of femur
Popliteus muscle
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Foot
• Dorsum
• Sole
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Arches of the foot
Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch Transverse arch:
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Joints with ligaments
Ligaments at the knee joint
Ligaments at the ankle
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Trochanteric & Cruciate anastomoses
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Inguinal lymph nodes
• Deep inguinal nodes
• Superficial inguinal
nodes
‐ Vertical group
‐ Horizontal group