KINESIOLOGY

M Farrukh Shahzad

BSPT, PPDPT

Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences

Lesson 1

Introduction

Kinesiology

Rehabilitation

INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY

Definition of Kinesiology

Definition of Rehabilitation

MECHANICS:

Mechanical Principles and Mechanics of

Position

Force - force system – Description of units.

Gravity: Center of gravity and line of gravity

Level of gravity

Equilibrium

Fixation and Stabilization

MECHANICS:

Mechanics of movement Axes /Plane

Speed

Velocity

Acceleration

Momentum

Inertia

Friction

Lever - types - application

Pulley - types - application

Anatomical application of lever system and other pulley system application

Angle of pull

INTRODUCTION TO MOVEMENT

The body levers

Forces applied to the body levers

Types of movement and posture

Patterns of movement

Timing in movement

Rhythm of movement

The nervous control of movement

STARTING POSITIONS

Definition

Fundamental positions

Standing

Kneeling

Sitting

Lying

Hanging

The pelvic tilt

POSTURE

Inactive postures

Active postures

The postural mechanism

The pattern of posture

Principles of Re- Education

Techniques of Re-Education

Prevention of muscles wasting

The initiation of muscular contraction

Strengthening methods

Abnormal postures

MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MUSCLE

ACTION

Types of Muscles contraction

Muscles tone

Physiological application to postural tone

Group action of muscles

Overview of muscle structure

Types of muscle work

Range of muscle work

Two joint muscle work

Active and passive insufficiency

Group movement of joints

Muscular weakness and paralysis

PRACTICAL TRAINING/ LAB WORK

Fundamentals of muscle testing

Methods of muscle recording

Basic muscle grading system

Evaluation of posture

Regional upper limb muscle testing as the region is covered in Anatomy I

Practical demonstrations of muscles work and its ranges

Practical demonstrations of various fundamental positions and posture analysis.

RECOMMENDED TEXT BOOKS

Practical exercise therapy by Margaret Hollis

Brunnstrom’s Clinical Kinesiology

Clinical kinesiology and anatomy by Lynn S Lippert

Joint structure and function: a comprehensive analysis by: Pamela. K. Levangie and Cynthia. C. Norkin.

Muscle function testing by: Cunningham and Daniel.

Human movement explain by kimjonas and karenbaker

The principles of exercise therapy by: M Dena Gardiner, 4th Edition

Review Kinesiology

Philosophy of Kinesiology

Related Fields

3 Types of Kinesiology

Rehabilitation WHO Definition

Prescription

Functions of Rehabilitation

Intervention

Rehabilitation Program

Types of Rehabilitation Physical Therapy

Occupational Therapy

Speech Therapy

Rehabilitation Facilities

Definition of Kinesiology

The word 'kinesiology' comes from the Greek

work kineses, which means motion

Kinesiology, also known as human kinetics, is

the scientific study of human movement.

Kinesiology is a tool for the therapist in

analyzing faulty movement patterns, and

deciding the adequate treatment

Kinesiology

Mechanic aspect of the body tissues, assessing of structural deviations, the examining of passive and active ROM, testing muscle force and fatigue and the evaluation of the movement coordination

Kinesiology includes the principles of biomechanics, neurophysiology and the communication with the CNS.

Impaired movement may be caused by different reasons:

Diseases, impact of external forces, genetic defects, evolutional defects, mental degeneration or other reasons.

Philosophy of Kinesiology

Our concept of kinesiology is based on the

holistic aspect* of the body and its movement.

Local aspect must always be completed with a

global look on the function of the whole body

moving in actual circumstances surrounding

the body.

Related Fields

Related sciences are:

Anatomy

Physiology.

Neurophysiology

Biomechanics

Biophysics

psychology

Pathology

3 Types of Kinesiology

Applied kinesiology: It has to do with muscle tone. Its says that the muscle tone

changes quickly according to psychological conditions

Special kinesiology; Studies inter-relations between individual segments

Clinical kinesiology: Consists of functional anatomy and physiotherapy

Functional anatomy deals with joints, bones, ligaments, basic movements, and

muscles.

Physiotherapy consists of examination: (joint play, muscle shortening,

muscle weakness) and treatment: (mobilization, manipulation)

Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation is a treatment/(s) designed to facilitate the process of recovery from injury, illness, or disease to as normal a condition as possible

WHO Definition

Rehabilitation of people with disabilities is a process aimed at enabling them to reach and maintain their optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological and social functional levels. Rehabilitation provides disabled people with the tools they need to attain independence and self-determination

Rehabilitation

Prescription

It is prescribed after many types of injury, illness, or disease, including amputations, arthritis, cardiac disease, neurological problems, orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, sport injuries and traumatic brain injuries.

Functions of Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation addresses the patient's physical,

psychological, and environmental needs.

It is achieved by restoring the patient's physical functions and/or modifying the patient's physical and social environment

Rehabilitation

Intervention

Physiotherapists perform rehabilitation for patients

Exercises and other physical interventions must take into account the patient's deficit or injury

Program

A proper and adequate rehabilitation program can reverse many disabling conditions or can help patients cope with deficits that CAN NOT be reversed by medical care

Time taken for a program can vary from weeks to months depending on the diagnosis

Types of Rehabilitation

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy helps the patient restore the

use of muscles, bones, and the nervous system

through the use of heat, cold, , whirlpool

baths, ultrasound, mobilization, manipulation,

exercise and other techniques

It seeks to relieve pain, improve strength

,mobility, and train the patient to perform

important everyday tasks.

Exercise is the most widely used and best

known type of physical therapy. Depending on

the patient's condition, exercises may be

performed by the patient alone or with the

therapist's help

Exercise equipment for physical therapy could

include an exercise table or mat, a stationary

bicycle, walking aids, a wheelchair, practice

stairs, parallel bars, and pulleys and weights.

Occupational Therapy

Occupational therapy helps the patient regain the ability to do normal everyday tasks

This may be achieved by restoring old skills or teaching the patient new skills to adjust to disabilities

Prescribed to rehabilitate a patient after amputation, arthritis, cardiac disease, neurological injuries, orthopedic injuries, spinal cord injuries, stroke, and other injuries/illnesses

The duration of the occupational therapy program varies depending on the injury/illness being treated and the patient's response

Occupational therapy includes learning how to use devices to assist in walking (artificial limbs, canes, crutches, walkers), getting around without walking (wheelchairs or motorized scooters), or moving from one spot to another (boards, lifts, and bars)

Speech Therapy

Speech therapy helps the patient correct

speech disorders or restore speech

Speech therapy may be prescribed to

rehabilitate a patient after a brain injury,

cancer, neuromuscular diseases, stroke

The duration of the speech therapy program

varies depending on the injury/illness being

treated and the patient's response to therapy.

Rehabilitation Facilities

Rehabilitation services are provided in a

variety of settings including:

clinical practices, hospitals, nursing homes, sports

medicine clinics, offices

Some therapists make home visits

Advice on choosing the appropriate type of therapy

and therapist is provided by the patient's medical

team or doctor