Introduction to IT (2014)
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Transcript of Introduction to IT (2014)
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Introduction to
Information Technology
Department of Industrial Engineering
Institut Teknologi Nasional
Bandung - 2014
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What is information technology?
: the technology involving the development, maintenance, and use of computer systems, software, and networks for the processing and distribution of data. [Merriam-Webster Dictionary]
: processing of data via computer; the use of technologies from computing, electronics, and telecommunications to process and distribute information in digital and other forms. [Microsoft Encarta Dictionary 2006]
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Extension of IT to ICT
Sometimes the term IT is extended to ICT:
Information Technology (IT)
+
integrated (tele)communication
=
Information and Communication Technology
(ICT)
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What is computer?
: electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
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History of computer and IT
Abacus: an old calculation tool
(Sumerian abacus
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History of computer and IT
Charles Babages difference engine (1820s) and then analytical engine (1830s)
Blaise Pascals mechanical calculator (1642)
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History of computer and IT
IBM punched card
Accounting Machine (1936)
Punched card: discrete data
storage since 1800s [Microsoft Encarata Encyclopedia 2006]
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History of computer and IT
ENIAC (Electronic Numerator Integrator and Computer): first
generation digital computer (1946) [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
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History of computer and IT
IBM Mainframe Computers (1970s)
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History of computer and IT
IBM PC (1970/1980)
Apple I PC (1976)
Personal Computers (PC)
First Apple Macintosh PC
(1984)
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History of computer and IT
Now, the micro-world: notebooks, tablets, and smartphones
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History of computer and IT
Now, the meso-world: servers and server-room
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History of computer and IT
Now, the macro-world: the internet, world-wide web, and cloud
computing
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History of computer and IT
Now, the giants: supercomputers for the purpose of highly-
complex scientific computing (e.g. nuclear simulation, etc.)
Blue Gene/P supercomputer
with 250,000 parallel processors
Cray-2 supercomputer
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Three core aspects of computer
Hardware
Software
Peopleware
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Hardware
Hardware is the tangible components Input devices: keyboard, mouse, scanner, etc.
Processor and the mainboard.
Storage devices: hard-disk, CD/DVD, flash-disk, etc.
Output devices: screen, printer, speaker, etc.
Data communication devices: modem, hub/switch, wireless access point, etc.
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Hardware
Interaction of hardwares in a computer system [Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2006]
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Hardware This is CPU (Central Processing Unit)
or microprocessor
This is not CPU, but the CPU is inside it.
What should we name this thing? :)
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Software
Software is a set of instructions, programmed to the hardware.
Operating system: basic program to enable the use of the hardware
Application: specific program to perform one or more tasks
Software development application: application for developing other application, by using a programming language
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Software
Example:
Operating system: Windows, Linux, UNIX, iOS, Android, etc.
Application: Windows Media Player, Calculator, Microsoft Office, Acrobat Reader, etc.
Programming Language: Java, Visual Basic, C++, C#, etc.
Software development application: Microsoft Visual Basic.Net, Sun Java Developer, etc.
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Peopleware
Peopleware (or brainware) is the people related to the computer Programmer: the one who develops the
software Operator: the one who uses application System analyst & designer: the one who
analyzes a problem and proposes computing solution to the problem
System administrator: the one who takes responsibility for the computers system
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IT in Industrial Engineering
Industrial engineering is concerned with the design, improvement and installation of integrated systems of people, materials, information, equipments, and energy. [Institute of Industrial Engineers]
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IT in Industrial Engineering
From the interviews by Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE) SOLUTIONS magazine, in January 1999:
30 ways to be a better Industrial Engineers: 1. 2. ... 16. Master Microsoft Excel! 17. ... 30.
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IT in Industrial Engineering
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system: the
information integration of the whole enterprise
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IT in Industrial Engineering
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an integrated information system that serves all
departments within an enterprise.
An ERP system can include software for:
manufacturing order entry sales accounting and finance purchasing warehousing distribution and transportation human resources etc.
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IT in Industrial Engineering
Some major ERP vendors and the softwares:
SAP: SAP Business Suite, SAP ERP
Oracle: Oracle E-Business Suite
Microsoft: Microsoft Dynamics
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IT in Industrial Engineering
CAD/CAM (Computer Aided-Design and Manufacturing) software: the
computer-assisted mechanical design and the integration to
manufacturing processes
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IT in Industrial Engineering
Computer simulation: one of the most widely used
industrial engineering tools