INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION...
Transcript of INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION...
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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
AND ITS BUSINESS APPLICATION
Professional Training in
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and E-Governance
For Class III Officers of the Government of Nepal 2016/08/24
Myself
Suwarn Kr. Singh
MCMIS- Netherlands, EMBA-Pokhara University,
MscIT-Manipal University
Director of Studies, NASC
10 + yrs of work experience as an IT and Management
Professional
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• Hobbies and Interest
AGENDA
EvoIution and growth of ICT
Basics of computer and ICT
ICT components (H/W, S/W, N/W, Data and People)
ICT application for organizational development and
management
Contemporary issues of ICT
The History of Computing
3000 B.C.: The Abacus
o The original mechanical counting
device
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1642: The Pascaline
oA counting-wheel design
A single revolution of one wheel would engage gears that turned the wheel one tenth of a revolution to its immediate left
1842: Bassage’s Difference Engine and
the Analytical Engine
Diagram Showing Method
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A Pantograph Punch
1942: The First Eletcronic Digital Computer:
The ABC
1946: The Electronic ENIAC Computer
o Used vacuum tubes
o ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
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1951: The UNIVAC I and the First Generation
of Computers
o Used vacuum tubes in the first generation of computers
(1951-1959)
1963: The PDP-8 Minicomputer
o In 1963 Digital Equipment Corporation introduced the
PDP-8
o The first successful minicomputer
1964: The IBM System/360 and the Third
Generation of Computers
o The third generation was characterized by computers
built around integrated circuits
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1981: The IBM PC
o IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer ring with its
announcement of the IBM Personal Computer
1989: The World Wide Web
o Berners-Lee and a small team of scientists conceived
HTML (the language of the Internet), URLs (Internet
addresses), and put up the first server supporting the
World Wide Web format
1996: The Handheld Computer
o The Palm Pilot handheld computer was introduced by
Palm Computing, Inc.
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Personal Computers to Supercomputers
Personal Computer (PC)
oDesktop PC
Notebook PC
Tablet PC
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Wearable PC
Handheld Computer
Workstation
o To visualize and solve complex,
technical problems.
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Server Computers
oApplications in business financial,
customer management solutions,
decision support data warehouse, e-
commerce, and enterprise resource
planning
Supercomputer
Rack Servers 27
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Blade Server 28
Data processing systems
o Transaction handling, record keeping
o Primarily for clerical personnel and
operational-level managers
Artificial intelligence
o Expert systems, simulation of human
sensory capabilities, neural networks,
intelligent agents, robots and robotics
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Virtual reality
oCombines computer graphics with
special hardware to immerse users in
an artificial three-dimensional world
Virtual Meeting 32
Lets profile the Information systems/computing devices used
in our institutions;
Name the components of Information systems/computing
devices used;
Write the use of Information systems/computing devices used
for organizational and personal purpose.
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Group Exercise:
Member in Group:5
Time: 30
Presentation: 5 Min Each Group
Draw and Label the Computers
Group Work
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Information and Communication Technology
o Information Communication Technology
o Information Technology /IT (Analogy)
o Any technology related to the information
o Technology Related means technology 4: Processing data/information
Transmitting / receiving information
Storing data/information
Presenting data/ information e.t.c
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ICT / IT Components
Hardware Technology o Tangible component of computer system
Software Technology o Intangible components driving hardware
Network Technology o Components that enable exchange of data/information
Database Technology Components related to data/information storage
Users
o Expert Users and Normal Users
IT acts and policies
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ICT and System thinking
Application of ICT is an Information System
concept
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• It is a process
concept
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Why ICT
Delivering Services Services with reduced cost (Cost per transaction)
Exchange of transactions
Integration and Interoperability
Paperless Governance
Engage Citizens
Learning and Growth
For driving institutions in terms of Driving organizational processes
Decision making and problem solving
Governance
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Preamble and prospective
4’c Dimension of ICT and e-Gov:
•Computing;
•Connectivity;
•Content; and
•Capacity.
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Practice and present
Pillars Summary
A. Infrastructure as a utility to every citizen
Broadband
Highway
Laying national optical fiber network to
provide high-speed broadband coverage
highways connecting villages, various
government departments and universities.
The integrated information infrastructure with
integration of State Wide Area Network
(SWAN), National Knowledge Network
(NKN) and National Optical Fiber Network
(NOFN) were deployed to enable institutions
to perform interoperable.
India: NOP to Connect 250000 VDC
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Universal
access to
mobile
Penetration of mobile networks through
various telecommunication providers to
provide mobile connectivity to urban, semi-urban
and villages.
China: Over the last 17 years, Chinese
online community has become the
largest in the world ( By: CINIC)
Public Internet
Access Program
(PIAP)
Having better presence of NOFN and
mobile penetration helped India and
China to deliver the government services
through PIAP.
Practice and present
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Electronics
manufacturing
Since, China and India are leaders in
electronics manufacturing, it helped
them to design and deploy the
digital services more effectively than
Nepal
Financial
commitment
Government, Private institutions
and BFI's showed better commitment to
support the e-Governance missions
Practice and present
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B. Governance and services on demand
Plans for e-App development and
seamless integration of
government services (e-
Governance
implementation
framework and
strategies)
India: Initiated in 2000,
adopted a five – point plan to
Implement effective e-
Governance:
• A nationwide mandate to
allocate a fixed percentage
of annual budget to e-
Governance,
Practice and present
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B. Governance and services on demand
Plans for e-App development and
seamless integration of
government services (e-
Governance
implementation
framework and
strategies)
In China: Initiated in 1999,
through, "China’s Government
Online Project” took administrative
reform objectives like: Streamlining
40 ministries to 29, Rejuvenation of
State Workers, More Rational
Calculation of Expenditures and
Intensification of Anti-corruption
Campaigns, etc.
Practice and present
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B. Governance and services on demand
Cashless
transactions
initiatives
designing user friendly digital
services
Practice and present
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B. Governance and services on demand
Cost of digital
service
Affordability of internet
and cheap availability of
electronic devices for better
penetration and reducing
digital divide
Practice and present
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B. Governance and services on demand
Incentivizing
digital services
linking digital services and
facilities with subsidies
Practice and present
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C. Digital empowerment of citizens
e-Readiness
ICT skill
enhancement of
civil
servants/Citizens
In India, Guided by e-Government Framework
and Strategy.
Strategic Initiatives:
• Gyandoot;
• E-Sewa;
• SETU;
• FRIENDS;
• Information Kiosks; Warana Cooperatives;
• Digital India Mission 2015
Practice and present
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D. ICT Policies and procedures maturity
Policies and
procedures
in place
Continuous efforts on writing ICT friendly
policy and procedures especially in the
area:
Privacy; Security;
Copyright;
Retention;
Access to Information;
Language; etc.
Practice and present
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Nepal’s Perspective: Stage of ICT4SD
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Gov website Offers limited,
basic, static
info.
Phase 1
Emerging
Content and Information
is updated
with greater
regularity
Phase 2
Enhance
Form can be downloaded;
Applications
submitted
online
Phase 3
Interactive
Users can actually pay
for services or
conduct
financial transactions
online
Phase 4
Transactional
Total integration
of e-functions
and services
across administrative
/departmental
boundaries
Phase 5
Seamless
UN/ASPA global survey
Case: # rs. 500 and 1000 Bomb 50
Less Cash Vs Cash Less
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Less Cash Vs Cash Less
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Nepal’s Opportunity and Challenges
in Using ICT in Service Design and
Management
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Activity [15 min]: Group
Increasing Speed of Uptake of Technology
Opportunities
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Mobile and Internet in Nepal
131.78 %
(34913320) Tele Density (26,494,504 मध्ये)
58.31 %
(15449996) Internet Penetration
Source: nta.gov.np , cbs.gov.np
MIS Report of NTA, Data of Chaitra, 2073 (13, April 2017)
Opportunities
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
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Opportunities: Process Re-engineering
Application Supported by Blocked Amount (ASBA)
NASC Initiatives to Paperless 62
NASC Initiatives to Paperless 63
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NASC Initiatives to Paperless 64
Population prediction: PPl 65
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Global Presence: Attractive sector for Investment
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Online Service
0.3986
Telecom Infra.
0.1675
Human Capital
0.4714
Index Value
0.3458 (Rank 135)
e-Government Development in Southern Asia
S.N Country
E-Gov
Development
Index
Ranking
2016 2016 2014 2012
4 India 0.4637 107 118 125
5 Bangladesh 0.3799 124 148 150
6 Bhutan 0.3506 133 143 152
7 Pakistan 0.2583 159 158 156
8 Nepal 0.3458 135 165 164
9 Afghanistan 0.2313 171 173 184
World Average
0.4922
Source: UN E-Government Survey 2012,2014,2016
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Challenges: Channels management
Challenges: IM’s
Confidentiality
o Requires information in a computer system only be accessible for reading by authorized parties
Integrity
o Assets can be modified by authorized parties only
Availability
o Assets be available to authorized parties
Authenticity
o Requires that a computer system be able to verify the identity of a user
Challenges: IM’s
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Challenges: IM’s
Information management must always be aware of and respect the legislative
and policy of requirements:
Privacy;
Security;
Copyright;
Retention;
Access to Information;
Language; etc.
Governmental Documents Disposal Rules, 2027 (1971)
National Communication Policy, 1992 A. D.
Telecommunication Act, 1997 A.D
Telecommunication Regulation, 1997 A.D
The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)
The Electronic Transactions and Digital Signature Act, 2063 (2006)
Electronic Transactions Rules 2064 (2007)
Information Technology Policy 2067, (2010)
NRB Information Technology Guidelines 2069, (2012)
National Information and Communication Technology Policy 2072, (2015)
Challenges : Inline with Policies
Challenges: Digital Divide
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Digital Divides – Awareness, Availability, Accessibility, and
Affordability
Awareness
People must know what can be done with ICT; they must also be open to
using ICT
Availability
ICT must be offered within reasonable proximity, with appropriate
hardware/software
Accessibility
relates to the ability to use the ICT (spanning literacy, e-literacy, language,
interfaces, etc.)
Affordability
All ICT usage together should, ideally, be only a few percent of one’s income
(under 10% maximum on average); this covers life-cycle costs (termed total
costs of ownership – TCO), software, connectivity education, etc
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Thank You