Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. What is Industrial Hygiene? The science of Anticipating,...
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Transcript of Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE. What is Industrial Hygiene? The science of Anticipating,...
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Introduction toINDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
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What is Industrial Hygiene?
The science of Anticipating, Identifying, Evaluating, and Controlling Environment Hazards in the Workplace.
The science of protecting the worker through the control of the work environment.
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Things to Consider
Industrial Hygienists look at;
• Health issues rather than just Safety.
• Illnesses rather than Injuries.
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COST
What is the cost of illnesses to Industry?
• In 1990 the average cost of an Illness was
$27,386.
• Skin Disorders, averaged $3,368.
• Pneumoconiosis, averaged $77,467.
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HAZARDS
In Industrial Hygiene we want to be concerned with 4 Types of Hazards.
What are they?
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CHEMICAL
The FIRST group and the one that comes to mind for most people is Chemical Hazards.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE:• Paints/Solvents• Welding Fumes• Wood Dust• Carbon Monoxide• Exhaust Fumes
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Chemical Effects
• Local– Damage to the part of the body that comes in
contact with the substance.
• Systemic– Chemical is absorbed by the body and attacks a
target organ.
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PHYSICAL
The SECOND group is Physical Hazards.
Examples Include:
• Noise
• Extreme Heat
• Extreme Cold
• Light
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BIOLOGICAL
The THIRD group is Biological Hazards.
Examples Include:
• Infectious Blood/Body Fluids
• Bird Droppings
• Mold & Mildew
• Tuberculosis/Hepatitis
• Hypersensitivity Pnuemonitis
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RADIATION
The FOURTH group is Radiation Hazards.
Examples Include:
• Ultra-Violet (UV) Light
• Infra-Red (IR) Radiation
• Microwaves
• Radar
• Lasers
• X-Rays
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ROUTES of ENTRY
• Inhalation
• Ingestion
• Skin Absorption
• Injection
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Acute vs. Chronic
Many illnesses are not obvious because they take so long to Develop (latency period).
DISEASE YEAR TO DIAGNOSIS
Asbestosis Usually 10-20 Years
Silicosis Usually After 10-20 Years
of exposure
Black Lung Usually after 10 Years
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PLAN of ACTION
What do you want to do as far as dealing with these hazards? The first thing is to Develop a Plan.
• Recognize the Hazard
• Evaluate the Hazard
• Control the Hazard
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RECOGNITION
How can you find the Potential Health Hazards in your Facility?
* Walk-Through Survey * Ask Employees* Check The Inventory * Inquire With Assoc.* Inquire with Unions * NIOSH* OSHA * Safety & Health
Organizations
Many Organizations Publish valuable information like trade assoc., unions, NIOSH, OSHA and others.
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EVALUATION
Once you have identified the hazards, how do you evaluate them?
Is the exposure necessary?
• If not, eliminate it.
• If the exposure can’t be avoided, measure it for comparison with published standards or background levels.
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Evaluating Risk Factors
Frequency (how often)
Intensity (how much)
Duration (how long)
Individual Sensitivity
Toxicity of the Chemical
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Keep in Mind…...
“What is it that is not poison? All things
are poison and nothing is without poison. It is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison.”
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To Evaluate, We Must Measure
Units of Measurement
• Parts per Million (ppm)
• Milligrams per Cubic Meter (mg/M3)
• Fibers per Cubic Centimeter (f/cc)
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Organizations
OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration
NIOSHNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
ACGIHAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
AIHAAmerican Industrial Hygiene Association
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Exposure Limits
• OSHA - Permissible Exposure Limit
• ACGIH - Threshold Limit Value
• NIOSH - Recommended Exposure Limit • AIHA - Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit
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Threshold Limit Value• TLV - Airborne concentrations to which nearly all
workers may be routinely exposed without adverse health effects.
• TWA - Time Weighted Average. Based on an 8 hour exposure and assumes a 40 hour work week.
• STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit (4/15/60)
• C - Ceiling Limit (should never be exceeded)
• IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
• Skin - Capable of cutaneous skin absorption
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CONTROLLING HAZARDS
The final step is controlling the potentially hazardous exposure.
• Engineering Controls
• Administrative Controls
• Personal Protective Equipment