Introduction to ICT and

Programming

Introduction

� Name: Dr. Inon Beydha Lukman

� E-mail: drinonbeydha@gmail.com

Course Objectives

� Discuss Fundamental Concepts of Information

Technology (IT)

� Show how Computers are Used as Practical Tools for

Solving Personal, Business, and Academic Problems

� Learn Basic Computer Skills that Enables the Students

Explore IT World

� Enabling students to work with various office software's

� Learn Basics of how to do programming

What are ICT?

� Information

� Communication

� Technologies

ICT are the hardware and software that enable ICT are the hardware and software that enable society to create, collect, consolidate and communicate information in multimedia formats and for various purposes.

The technology used to handle information and aid communication

Impact of ICT on society

� Developments in ICT have brought about the

merger of

– the computing,

– information,

– communications, – communications,

– entertainment,

– mass media industries

thereby providing a means of exchanging

information in the digital format used by

computers.

ICT

ICT - i.e. computer linked to

all facets of society

What is the impact of ICT on information centers?

� ICT made information creation in digital format

possible.

� ICT made online access and file transfer

possible

� ICT made networking and sharing of information � ICT made networking and sharing of information

resources possible

Transition

Shift from Print to DigitalInternet

� ICT has made the transfer of digital information from remote sites possible

What are the effects of these developments on the user

community?

� Increases level of technology literacy

� Increases demand for better and faster access

to information

� Aggravates discrepancies between the

information rich and information poor.information rich and information poor.

Few Basics

� Computers

– A computer is an electronic machine that has the

capability to perform certain types of

processing/computation on the supplied data. It can

also store the data as well as generated results.

Storage

Processing/

Computation

Data & Instructions Information/Results

Few Basics

� Computers

– Device that accepts input, process and stores data, and gives output

– Device that can execute specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner

Few Basics….

Computer

Hardware SoftwareHardware Software

Application

Software

System

SoftwareCPU Memory I/O Etc.

� Computer Hardware

• Electric, electronic, and mechanical devices

� Computer Software

• Programs and data in electronic form on a storage

Few Basics

• Programs and data in electronic form on a storage

medium

• Program- Sequence of Instructions

Few Basics: Hardware

Few Basics

� Input devices

� Processor & Memory

� Storage devices

� Output devices

Few Basics: Input Devices

� Mouse

� Keyboard

� Joystick

� Light pen

� Tablet� Tablet

� Camera

� Microphone

Few Basics : Output Devices

� Peripheral Devices:– Printer - laser, inkjet, dotmatrix

– Plotter - flatbed, drum

– Speakers

– Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector– Monitor - CRT, LCD, projector

Few Basics : Processor/CPU

� Pentium

� 8086

� Celeron

� SPARC

� Alpha

etc What are Control Unit and ALU?etc What are Control Unit and ALU?

The arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic circuitry that

executes all arithmetic and logical operations.

The control unit (CU) of the CPU contains circuitry that uses

electrical signals to direct the entire computer system to carry out,

or execute, stored program instructions.

Few Basics : Secondary Storage

� Hard disk

� Floppy

� CD

� DVD

Few Basics: Primary Storage

� RAM

� ROM

� etc.

Virtual Memory?Virtual Memory?

Few Basics: Bits & Bytes

� Bit - a binary digit e.g. 1 or 0

� Byte - a binary word consisting of 8 bits

� Kilo Byte - 1024 bytes

� Mega Byte - 1024 KB

� Giga Byte - 1024 MB

� Tera Byte - 1024 GB� Tera Byte - 1024 GB

Few Basics: Ports

� Parallel

� Serial

etc.

Few Basics: Figure

Keyboard Mouse

CDFloating Point

Unit

Integer

Unit

Cache

Control

Unit

Few Basics: BUS Figure

PrinterRAM/ROM

HDMem

Bus

System Bus

Monitor

Processor

Licensed and Free Software

� Single user license

� Multiple user license

� Concurrent use license

Few Basics: Computer Software

� Site license

� Public domain software

� Shareware

� System Software:

• Controls the computer

• Performs the basic operating tasks

� Application Software:

• Help user to accomplish a specific task

Few Basics: Computer Software

Application Software

System Software

Few Basics: Figure

Hardware

Operating systems

� Works as coordinator between hardware and user

software Example: Opening a word document, screen

display, print, and save.

� Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals)

Few Basics: System Software

� Allocates system resources (CPU, peripherals)

Examples: use of key board, mouse, playing music,

displaying on monitor

Utility Software

� Software that augment the system software

Few Basics: System Software

� Example: preparing disks to store data

Device Drivers

� The system software that helps computer control a

peripheral device. Usually supplied by the vendor of the

computer device

Few Basics: System Software

� Example: DD for mouse, DD for Laser printer

Programming Languages

� Tools to create the Application Software

Few Basics: System Software

Business software

� Help organization to efficiently do routine tasks

– Horizontal Market business software

– Vertical Market business software

Productivity software

Few Basics: Application Software

Productivity software

� Software which enhance the productivity

Entertainment software

Educational software

Few Basics:Computer Networks

Network:

A collection of computers and other devices that

communicate with each other to share data, hardware and

software

Few basics: Computer Networks

� Local Area Networks (LAN): Network that is

located within a relatively limited area (a building or

campus)

� Wide Area Networks (WAN): Network that covers a

large geographical area large geographical area

A Computer Network

Workstation

Network

Server Network Printer

Local workstation

WorkstationServer Printer

Few Basics….

� Workgroup computing

– Gather remote resources in such a way that theywould better utilize each other’s power.

� Computer Network

– Linking computers together in such a way that they– Linking computers together in such a way that theycan share the resources with each other.

� Internet

– Network of networks; largest network available in theform of global village

Few Basics: Internet

� Is a collection of local, regional, and national computer

networks that are linked together to exchange data and

distribute computing tasks

� World Wide Web (WWW) and Electronic Mails (E-mail)

are among the Internet Services

Few Basics

� Information

– Data that have been collected and processed into ameaningful form

� Information System

– A computer-based system that provides both dataprocessing capability and information for managerialprocessing capability and information for managerialdecision making

� Information Society

– A society in which the generation and dissemination ofinformation becomes the central focus of commerce.

� Information Technology

– A collective reference to the integration of computingtechnology and information processing

Few Basics

� Telecommuting– Computing via a communications link between home and

office

� Communication Channel– The facility by which data are transmitted between

locations in a computer network

� Communication Protocols� Communication Protocols– Rules established to govern the way data in a computer

network are transmitted

� THANKYOU