Introduction to Horticulture - mastergardenerssandiego.org · Introduction to Horticulture Liz...
Transcript of Introduction to Horticulture - mastergardenerssandiego.org · Introduction to Horticulture Liz...
IntroductiontoHorticultureLizWoodwardMoPriceSanDiegoCountyMasterGardenersClassof2010
HorticultureDefined
• hortus (garden)+colere (tocultivate)• CultureofGardensvs.FieldsofCrops• Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamentals,Herbs,SpecialtyCrops
CarlLinnaeus1707-1778
CharlesDarwin1809-1882
5KingdomsofLivingOrganisms
WhatisaPlant?
• MemberofthekingdomPlantae• Living,immobile,noconscious• Rigidcellwallsmadeofcellulose• Canregeneratelosttissuesandorgans• Carryoutphotosynthesis• Theyareabletomaketheirownfood(autotrophs)
MonocotsDicots
Angiosperms
TheEvolutionofPlants
BotanicNomenclature
Purpose,Pronunciation& Format
WhyuseBotanicNames?
• Botanic names use the same language worldwide: Latin
• Botanic names do not havemultiple meanings
• Many botanic names havespecific meaning
What’sinaLatinname?alba – whitealpestris - alpinebellus – beautifulbroccolo – flowering topcaerule – dark bluecandicans – hairy or woolycereus - waxycoccineu – scarletcordata – heart shapedcrassu – fleshy, thickdulcis – sweetedulis – edible
ferox – very thornyflavens – yellowishglaber – smooth; without hairsheli – sunimbricata – overlapping,like scalesingens – enormousobesus – fatphylla – leaves (pertaining to)repens – crawling, creepingericeus - silkyserpens – creeping, snakelikevulgaris - common
• PoisonOak• SilkyOak• SheOak
They are NOT oaks.
Whatdothese3plantshaveincommon?
• CaliforniaPepper• FalsePepper• PeppercornTree
They are all the same plant & native to Peru.
Whatdothese3plantshaveincommon?
PronunciationFacts• Horticulturists don’t always agree on pronunciation
• Individual botanists rarely are completely consistent in pronunciation
• People tend to pronounce names the way they first learned them regardless of any subsequently encountered info
Canyousay:
Chrysanthemum?
(kris-AN-the-mum)
BotanicNamePronunciationHow do you say: Tomato? Basil? Protea?
Alyogyne huegelii?Try this web site: davesgarden.com
DOMAIN
PHYLUM
KINGDOM
CLASS
FAMILY
ORDER
GENUS
SPECIES
HierarchyofBiological
Classification
Genus
species
‘hybrid’Var,x
•1,064,400species• speciesislowercase& initalics
•17,000Genera•GenusisCapitalized& inItalics
Family •640Families• Suffixof:aceae
•Countlesshybrids,sub-species,variations,tradenames,etc.
Format
Cinnamomum camphoraCamphortree
Persea americanaAvocadotree
Laurus nobilisBayLaureltree
PlantFamily:Lauraceae
Family: Lamiaceae(lay-mee-AY-see-ee)
• Mint Family•Flavorful herbs
•Many with square stemsLavandula • Lavender(Genus) (lav-AN-dew-lah)
stoechas • Spanishlavender(species) (STOW-kass)
‘OttoQuast’ • Nameofpersonwhodiscoveredthishybrid(‘Hybrid’)
Lavandula stoechas ‘OttoQuast’’
CommonAbbreviationsLavandula stoechas,Lavandula canariensis, Lavandula dentata
or…..Lavandula stoechas,L.canariensis, L.dentata
Lavandula sp. – Usedwhenreferringtoone unknownspeciesofLavandula
Lavandula ssp. – Usedwhenreferringtomany unknownspeciesofLavandula
AnotherHelpfulWebSite
Tropicos.orgSearch for Botanic Names…all Genera within a Family,
all Species within a Genus, etc.A Web Site of Missouri Botanical Garden
PLANTSTRUCTURE
MERISTEMS
ApicalMeristems- Primarygrowth- Occursinrootsandshoots- Increaseinlength
LateralMeristems- Secondarygrowth- Occurincambium&similartissue- Commonintrees(woodandbark)- Increaseingirth(width)
Primaryvs.SecondaryGrowth
ROOTS
FunctionofRoots
• Takeupwaterandnutrients• Storeexcessfood• Anchortheplant• Synthesizeessentialcompounds• Reproductiveorgan
RootAnatomy
TypesofRoots
Taproot –absorbswaterdeepintheground(rootvegetables,trees)Fibrous rootsstayclosetothetopofthesoil(beddingplants,tomato)Adventitious rootshelpanchorplantorhelpplantclimb(strawberries,ivy,somegrasses)
STEMS
StructureofaSeedPlant
Zylem tissueconductswater&dissolvedmineralnutrientsfrom
therootsupward.
PlantVascularTissuePhloemtissueconductsphoto-
syntheticallyproducedfood&othercompoundsfromtheleavestoother
plantparts– up&down.
vascularbundle
phloemxylem
epidermis
Monocot
PlantVascularTissue– MonocotCrossSection
Lily’s,grasses,palms,etc.
PlantVascularTissue– DicotCrossSection
Woody
hardwoodorpithxylem
phloemcambium
Herbaceous
xylemphloem
Corm
StolonorRunner
StemModifications:VegetativeSpread
BulbRhizome
Tuber
StemorLeaf?
Opuntia sp.Acaciaaphylla
LEAVES
StipuleStipule
PartsofaLeaf
LeafArrangements
LeafKey
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Transpiration
FLOWERS
FlowerForms
LantanaInflorescence
WhyDoPlantsHaveFlowers?
Platycerium sp.Staghornfern
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius 'BlackStathe‘Elephantfootyam
Pistil(Female)
Ovary
Stigma
Style
Ovules
Anther
FilamentStamen(Male)
Pedicle(orPedicel)
Petal
Sepal
Receptacle
APerfect flowerhasthePistil &Stamen onthesameflower.
PerfectFlower
Pollen
Female- Pistillate Male- Staminate
AnImperfect flowerhasaPistil orStamen,butnotonthesameflower.
ImperfectFlower
STIGMASTAMEN
SexandtheZucchini
4CommonSituations
FlowerType:PerfectPlantType:Bisexual/
Hermaphroditic
FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:Monoecious
FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:DioeciousMalePlant:Staminate
FlowerType:ImperfectPlantType:DioeciousFemalePlant:Pistillate
Flowers& TheirFruit
Macadamiasp.
SolanumlycopersicumTomato
Kigelia africanaSausageTree
Musasp.Banana Pisum sativum
GardenPea
SEEDS
AnatomyofaSeed
TypesofSeeds
SeedDispersal
ClassificationofPlants
• GrowthHabit– annuals,perennials,biennials• StructureorForm– woody,herbaceous,vine,shrub,tree• LeafRetention– evergreen,deciduous• ClimaticAdaptation– tropical,subtropical,temperate• Use– ornamental,edible,native
What’sThatBloomin’Thing?
Purpose
• LearntoidentifycommonplantsinS.D.County
• IncreaseyourknowledgeofPlantFamilies
Procedure• Youwillbegivenapresentationschedule
• Bepreparedatleastoneweekaheadtoallowtimeforadditionalpresentations
• Youcanswapyourplant/datewithanothertrainee’splant/date
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
Procedure• Oralpresentationwillbefourminutesmaximum.
• Reportonlythedistinguishing,significant,unusual,andfascinatingaspectsofyourplant.
• Provideawritten1-2pagereporttobeuploadedtotheTrainingWebsite.
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
Procedure
• Youcandothefollowing:
• Bringplantsamples
• DoaPowerPoint
• Drawyourflower
HaveFun&KeepitSimple!
“What’sThatBloomin’Thing?”
TheEnd