Introduction to Environmental Science
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Transcript of Introduction to Environmental Science
Introduction to Environmental Science
What is Environmental Science?• When you see the term environment what do you think of?• Our environment is what is around us in the natural world, but
also what we produce.• Environmental science is the study of how humans interact
with the environment.
An Introduction…• Environmental science involves many fields of study – one
important one being ecology• Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other
and with their nonliving environment.• Some other fields involved are…
• Biology• Earth science (geology, climatology, etc)• Physics (engineering)• Chemistry• Social studies
5 Major Themes• Human population increase is a large reason the environment
is changing.• Industrial development and urbanization also have serious
environmental consequences.• Sustainability – having enough resources as we grow for us all
to live comfortably• Small changes have huge effects• Environmental issues involve values and attitudes as well as
science and understanding.
Revolution• Agricultural Revolution – a boom in growing, breeding and
caring for plants and animals that are used for food, clothing, housing and transportation.
• Human population grew during this time
• What were some negative effects of this revolution?• Burning down trees• Flooding• Water shortages• Soil loss
Revolution• Industrial Revolution – a boom in the use of machinery instead
of human and animal powered tools• Major use of fossil fuels like coal and oil• Quality of life improved…why?• What were some negative effects of this revolution?
• POLLUTION
Human Population Growth• During the AR and IR the human population grew faster than it
ever had before…along with modern medicine and sanitation (people were healthier and cleaner)
• Increase in population means less…• RESOURCES
Human Population Growth
Think about it…• Is it right for humans, knowingly, to cause the extinction of a
species for their own convenience?
Quick Review• Scientific Method
• Observation• Hypothesis• Prediction• Experiment
• Variable - the factor of interest• Control and experimental group
• Collect data and analyze• Draw conclusions• Repeat experiment
Major Environmental IssuesAir Pollution• Global climate change• Stratospheric ozone
depletion• Urban air pollution• Acid rain• Outdoor pollutants• Indoor pollutants• Noise
Biodiversity Depletion• Habitat destruction• Habitat degradation• Extinction
Food Supply Problems• Overgrazing• Farmland loss
and degradation• Wetlands loss
and degradation• Overfishing• Coastal pollution• Soil erosion• Soil salinization• Soil waterlogging• Water shortages• Groundwater depletion• Loss of biodiversity• Poor nutrition
Water Pollution• Nutrient overload• Toxic chemicals• Infectious agents• Oxygen depletion• Pesticides• Oil spills• Excess heat Waste Production
• Solid waste• Hazardous waste
MajorEnvironmental
Problems
“The Tragedy of the Commons”
People thought if no one used the landit would go to waste, and their animalswouldn’t cause a lot of harm anyway. They all shared the commons; eventually there was nothing left foranyone.
Eventually the commons was closed off in sections for individualownership. Overgrazing didn’t happenbecause they knew there would be lessfood for animals the following year.
“The Tragedy of the Commons”• The idea that someone or some group needs to take
responsibility for maintaining a resource because if NO ONE takes the responsibility it will run out or become depleted.
• Our natural resources are the “commons”
Resource Depletion• Natural resources are any natural material used by humans• Natural resources are classified into two categories:
• Renewable – can be replaced relatively quickly by natural processes
• Nonrenewable – forms at a slower rate that the rate it is used• With the person sitting next to you, or someone close to you,
brainstorm about what you think is renewable and nonrenewable
Renewable vs Nonrenewable• Renewable – water, soil, wood, air, sunlight• Nonrenewable – metals like aluminum, iron and copper, salt, sand,
clay, fossil fuels
Write this down…• “Which is more important, the survival of people alive
today or the conservation of the environment on which future food production and human life depend?”
• WHY?
What you said…• People today need to survive, people in the future will have the
technology to fix what goes wrong• If we don’t use it now we will die• Conserve the environment because every species deserves life and
we are all connected so we need to conserve our resources• How will the people of the future survive?• If there is no environment for the food to grow in then we cant
survive at all• Equally important, they depend on each other• I don’t care about the future, I will be dead
Economics and the Environment• The law of supply and demand says that the more we need
something, the more it is worth.• Example – the more we need oil (when the production goes
down) the more it costs.• We have to do 1 of three things…
• Pay the higher price• Use less oil• Find an alternative
Developed vs. Developing Countries• Developed countries
• Higher incomes• Slower population growth• Diverse industrial economy• Stronger social support systems• U.S., Japan, Canada
• Developing countries• Lower income• Rapid population growth• Simple agricultural based economy• Weak social support system• Mexico, Brazil, Malaysia
People in developed countries are living a better life than ever before, butin order to maintain this lifestyle they are using way more resources thanpeople in developing countries
Developed countries use 75% of the worlds resources, creatingmore waste and pollution
Developing countries use only 20% of the worlds resources
Ecological Footprint• An Ecological footprint shows the amount of resources one
person in a particular country uses.
Ethics and the Environment• Ethics are moral principles that influence/govern a persons
behavior• Environmental ethics are morals that influence a persons
decision and behavior toward the environment.• What right does man have to controlling the non-human
world?• What makes it difficult is that not everyone has the same
values.• Joe Schmo in a developing country might not see a big deal
cutting down trees to build a farm to make money, but Jim Bob in the US might see the consequences related to carbon dioxide increases into the atmosphere.
• Can our environmental problems really be solved?
• Write down one of your most important environmental values and how you can put it into action.