Introduction to Environment -EESE GTU

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INTRODUCTION OFENVIRONMENT

Chapter 1


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Environment

Word "environment" is most commonly used describing"natural" environment and means the sum of all living and non-living things that surround an organism, or group of organisms

Environment includes all elements, factors , and conditions thathave some impact on growth and development of certainorganism.

Definition: External Surroundings & conditions directly orindirectly affect the living organism

There are two factors of environment :Biotic and Abiotic


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Biotic Factors

Biotic, meaning of or related to life, are living factors.

Plants, animals, fungi, protista and bacteria are all biotic orliving factors.

Abiotic Factors

Abiotic, meaning not alive, are nonliving factors that

affect living organisms.Environmental factors such habitat (pond, lake, ocean,desert, mountain) or weather such as temperature, cloudcover, rain, snow, hurricanes, etc. are biotic factors.


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Division of Environment

Atmosphere Lithosphere

Hydrosphere Biosphere

Environment


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1 Atmosphere

The atmosphere is the body of airwhich surrounds our planet

Most of our atmosphere is located

close to the earth's surface whereit is most dense.

The air of our planet is 79%

nitrogen and just under 21%oxygen; the small amountremaining is composed of carbondioxide and other gasses.


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2 Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the solid, rocky crust coveringentire planet.

This crust is inorganic and is composed of minerals.

It covers the entire surface of the earth

1 crust - relatively thin and rocky2 mantle - has the properties of a solid,but can flow very slowly3 outer core - made from liquid nickeland iron4 inner core - made from solid nickeland iron


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3 Hydrosphere

The hydrosphere is composed of all of the water onor near the earth.

This includes the oceans, rivers, lakes, and even the

moisture in the air. 97% of the earth's water is in the oceans.

The remaining 2% is in ice form

1 % is in river,lake,streams and waterfall


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4 Biosphere

The biosphere is the defined as the sphere of theplanet Earth where life exists.

The biosphere is composed of all living organisms.

Plants, animals. The biosphere is all life on our planet.

This includes all the things that are living as well asthe remains of those that have died but have not yet

decomposed.


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Parts of Atmosphere

The atmosphere is divided into four main parts. They arethe Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, andThermosphere.

The atmosphere surrounds and protects the Earth.

It also provides materials that allow the Earth to supportand sustain life.

The atmosphere is also one of spheres of the Earth

A long time ago, our atmosphere was composed greatly

of methane and ammonia. Then a chemical reactionoccurred, breaking down the methane and ammonia intonitrogen, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide


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1 Troposphere

This layer is the closest to the Earth, the place where youlive. Most people will never leave this atmospheric layer.

The Troposphere starts at the ground or sea and reachesup to 10 - 12 km height.

It is the troposphere where most weather phenomenalike cloud formation take place.

Physically it is characterized by a continuous decrease oftemperature with increasing height.

The troposphere contains about 80 % of the mass of theatmosphere and also contains almost all of water of theatmosphere.


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2 Stratosphere

The stratosphere lies above thetroposphere at 12 - 50 km. It ischaracterized by an increase ofozone with a maximum ozoneconcentration at about 30 km

of height. Temperature also increases

with height and reaches 0 c atabout 50 km

his increase is mainly caused bythe ozone that absorbs the UVradiation of the sun. Doing this,the ozone layer is of essentialimportant for the life on Earth


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3 Mesosphere

The mesosphere (50 - 85 km) is characterized by acontinuous decrease of temperature. It reaches itminimum with almost -100 C at about 80 km ofheight.

This also is the upper boundary of the mesosphere.

Cold layer of atmosphere


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4 Thermosphere

Thermosphere extends from 80 km above the Earth's surfaceto outer space.

The thermosphere is directly above the mesosphere. The temperature is hot and may be as high as thousands of

degrees as the few molecules that are present in the

thermosphere receive extraordinary large amounts of energyfrom the Sun.

However, the thermosphere would actually feel very cold to Much of the X-ray and UV radiation from the Sun is absorbed

in the thermosphere.

When the Sun is very active and emitting more high energyradiation, the thermosphere gets hotter and expands

Charged Particles are there in this layer.


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Division of Environment

Environment

Physical -Natural

Social


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The natural environment encompasses all living and non-living thingsoccurring naturally on Earth

It is an environment that encompasses the interaction of all living species.

It includes Biotic as wells as Abiotic components

1 Physical Natural Environment


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2 Social Environment

Environment made by humans

Cycle can not be completed

Natures law are not followed

Factors: Population, Government cooperation, manpower,finance,political factors, civilization, life anduse of components

Components:Road,Railway,Airport,Building,Industry, Port etc


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Environment in India-Major Problems

Population

Urbanization

Industrialization

Poverty

Modern life style

Land Population

Poor health

Unemployment

Deforestation

Shortage of food and resources'


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Introduction to Environment -EESE GTU

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