Introduction to Energy Efficiency & Insulation...2015/04/01 · Why Thermal Insulation? (Mc Kinsey)...
Transcript of Introduction to Energy Efficiency & Insulation...2015/04/01 · Why Thermal Insulation? (Mc Kinsey)...
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Introduction to Energy Efficiency & Insulation
Phalguni Mukhopadhyaya, Ph.D, P.Eng
Associate Professor
24 March 2015
Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (RIC) Workshop 2015
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Presentation Outline
Energy Efficiency - Market Drivers
Energy Efficiency & Thermal Insulation
Insulation Fundamentals
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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Market Drivers
BP Energy Outlook 2035: January 2014
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Canada
Oil Consumption Per Capita 2012Tonnes
Market Drivers
Up to 40% of the Total Energy is Consumed by Built Environment
So
urc
e: B
P (
20
13
)
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Market Drivers
(Energy Use in the New Millennium -Trends in IEA Countries)
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Regulations to Green Solutions
2011
2012
2013
Market Drivers
2013
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Energy Efficient Technologies
• Passive Solar Design• Heat Recovery Ventilation• Heat Pump• LED lighting
• Highly Insulated Walls, Roofs, Floor etc.• Energy efficient Windows & Doors• Air Leakage• Building-Integrated Photovoltaic
IEA Technology Roadmap: Energy Efficient Building Envelopes
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Why Thermal Insulation?
(Mc Kinsey)
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Prescriptive – above-ground opaque building assemblies
9
*U-values are reduced by 0.8 where radiant heating or cooling included in assembly
Heating Degree-Days of Building Location, Celsius degree-days
Zone 4:
Less than
3000
Zone 5:
3000 to
3999
Zone 6:
4000 to
4999
Zone 7A:
5000 to
5999
Zone 7B:
6000 to
6999
Zone 8:
Greater than
or equal to
7000
Maximum Overall Thermal Transmittance (U-value, W/m2K)*
Walls 0.315 0.278 0.247 0.210 0.210 0.183
Roofs 0.227 0.183 0.183 0.162 0.162 0.142
Floors 0.227 0.183 0.183 0.162 0.162 0.142
Increased Insulation Use
NECB 2011
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Insulations & Increasing R-Values
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Air Space Vermiculite Perlite Cellulose Mineral Fibre
Polymeric Foam
Aerogel VIP
R-V
alu
e P
er
Inc
h.
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Heat Transfer Across Air Spaces –
Contribution by Radiation, Conduction and Convection
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Convection
Conduction
Radiation
0
0.2
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
0.4
1.6 H
eat
Flo
w / T
em
pera
ture
Dif
fere
nc
e
= 1
/R B
TU
/HR
FT
2 F
Ordinary Air Spaces Air Spaces With Reflective Surface
Spaces Filled With Glass Fibres
CBD – 149; Shirtliffe
Insulation Fundamentals
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0.03
0.02
0.01
20 40 60 80 100
Th
erm
al
co
nd
ucti
vit
y (
W/m
.K)
Density (kg/m3)
00
Air conduction
Radiation
Solid conduction
Insulation Fundamentals
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•Closed-cell foam insulation• Blowing agent conductivity Air conductivity
•Aerogel• Air conductivity (nanopore) < Air conductivity (macropore)
•Vacuum insulation Panel (VIP)• Air conductivity Zero
Insulation Fundamentals
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Solid polymer
matrix
Closed cell
(Blowing agent)
•Closed cell foam insulation
Insulation Fundamentals
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•Aerogel: Air conductivity (nanopore) < Air conductivity (macropore)
0
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04 1.0E+05
Gas pressure (Pa)
Fumed
silica/aerogel
Pore diameter 10 mm1 mm
0.1 mm
0.01 mm
0.001 mm
Th
erm
alC
on
du
ct i
vit
y[W
/(m
K)]
Insulation Fundamentals
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•VIP: Air conductivity component Zero
0.03
0.02
0.01
20 40 60 80 100
Th
erm
al
co
nd
ucti
vit
y (
W/m
.K)
Density (kg/m3)
00
Air conduction
Radiation
Solid conduction
Insulation Fundamentals
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Glass Fibre
EPS
499 mm (19.7”)
R63
VIP
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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EPS & Vacuum Insulation Panel (VIP)Source NRC
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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Core Material
Gas Barrier / Facer Foil
Getter / Desiccant
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Gas Barrier
Core Material
Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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1. Core Material - imparts mechanical strength and thermal
insulating capacity.
2. Gas Barrier / Facer Foil - provides air and vapour tight
enclosure for core material.
3. Getter / Desiccant - adsorbs residual or permeating
atmospheric gases or water vapour in the VIP enclosure.
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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Manufacturing of Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
(1) Raw Materials
Selection (Core & Foil)
(2) Mixing of Core
Components
(3) Pressing of
Core
(4) Cut to Size
& Dry (Core)
(5) Wrapping /
Bagging
(6) Vacuuming
& Sealing
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-K4iuf2snE
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
• Inherent advantages• Higher thermal resistance*• Reduced thickness of the component• Recyclable
* Any damage in the vacuum system (even a small pinhole) will
severely destroy the thermal insulating capacity of VIPs
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
• Challenges•Cost (relatively expensive)•Building physics and engineering
• Aging and durability• Thermal bridge effects at edges• Condensation
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
Source
(Insulation)
$/Sq. Ft. $/Sq. Ft./R-Value
A (VIP) 3.70 0.08
B (VIP) 10.00 0.26
C (VIP) 20.00 0.71
D (VIP) 11.00 0.31
E (VIP) 3.70 0.19
F (fibreglass) 0.50 0.04
Source: Private Communications
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
Thermal Bridge
•Use large panels
•Overlap panels
• Fill gaps at edges with insulating materials
Source: IEA/ECBCS Annex 39
Warm side
Cold side
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Vacuum Insulation Panels (VIPs)
Moisture Management
•VIP is an absolute vapour barrier
•Avoid damp construction materials
•Consequences of vacuum failure
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New building energy codes and regulations offer a
great opportunity for new generation of thermal
insulations.
Vacuum Insulation is an exciting new building
envelope technology for the construction industry.
Development of technical guides/standards & long-
term performance assessment are priority research
areas.
Summary
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•National Research Council Canada (NRC)
•Natural Resources Canada (NRCan)
• Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC)
• Kingspan Insulated Panels
• Yukon Housing
• Yukon Cold Climate Innovation Centre
• Panasonic Canada
• Energy Solutions Centre
• Yukon College
Acknowledgement
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Thank You !!
Questions ??