Introduction to Earthworks
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Transcript of Introduction to Earthworks
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Introduction to Earthwo
Prepared by: Jojee Yabut
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Topics
1. Summary
2. Excavation Works
3. Backfilling Works
4. Soil Compaction
5. Soil Classification
6. Quality Control
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1. Summary
Definition of Terms
Earthworks - are engineering works created through the moving or prparts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed roc
ASTM – American Society for Testing and Material
AASHTO – American Association of State Highway and Transportation
MDD – Maximum Dry Density
OMC – Optimum Moisture Content
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Summary continued…
Earthworks includes…
Preparing subgrades for slabs on grade, pavement, lawn and Excavating and backfilling for building sub-structures
Providing drainage course for slab on grade
Subsurface drainage for walls and trenches
Excavating and backfilling trenches for mechanical and elec
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2. Excavation Works
Manual or Mechanical Excavation
Observe Safety at all times
Buried underground structures or utilities
Excavation for Building sub-structures
Excavation for Mechanical and Electrical Utilities
Authorized and Unauthorized Excavation
Dewatering
Shoring
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3. Backfilling works
Satisfactory Soil (GW,GP,GM,SW,SP,SM, A-1, A-2-4, A-2-5, A-3)
Unsatisfactory Soil (GC, SC, CL, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-4, A-5, A-6, A-7)
Bedding Course
Drainage Course
Borrow Soil
Sand
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4. Soil Compaction
Increases density
Increases strength
Increases load bearing capacity
Increases stability of slopes and embankment
Decreases undesirable settlement
Decreases permeability
Reduces water seepage
Reduces swelling and shrinkage
Frost damage
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Compaction Works continued…
Vibratory Compaction
Impact Compaction
Kneading Compaction
Pressure Compaction
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Compaction Works continued….
Llllll
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5. Soil Classification
Two Methods
ASTM D 2487
GW, GP, GM, SW, SP, SM….
AASHTO M 145
A-1-a. A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5,A-2-6, A-2-7, A-3, A-4,A-5,A-6,A-7-5, A-7-6 - (12 sub-gr
Sieve Analysis Test
Atterberg Limits Test, (PI=PL-LL)
PI – Plasticity Index
PL – Plastic Limit
LL – Liquid Limit
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Soil Classification continued…
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Soil Classification continued…
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Soil Classification continued…
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6. Quality Control
Sampling, ASTM D 6519
Sieve Analysis Test, ASTM C 136
Atterberg Limits, ASTM D 4318
Proctor Test, ASTM D 1557
California Bearing Ratio, ASTM D 1883
Field Density Test
ASTM D 1556 – Sand-Cone Method
ASTM D 2167 – Rubber Balloon Method
ASTM D 2937 – Drive Cylinder Method
ASTM D 2922 – Nuclear Method
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Quality Control continued…
Sampling, ASTM D 6519
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Quality Control continued…
Sieve Analysis Test, ASTM C 136
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Quality Control continued…
Atterberg Limits, ATM D 4318
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Quality Control continued… Proctor Test, ASTM D 1557
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Quality Control continued…
California Bearing Ratio, ASTM D 1883
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Quality Control continued…
Field Density Test
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Quality Control continued…
ASTM D 1556 – Sand-Cone Method
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Quality Control continued…
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Quality Control continued…
ASTM D 2922 – Nuclear Method
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