Introduction to Drama.pptx
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Transcript of Introduction to Drama.pptx
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Tragedy and Theater
Introduction to Drama
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Drama as an ‘imitation of an action’, or MIMESIS
Theater derives from Theatron – ‘a place for viewing’ or ‘to view as spectators’
Introduction:Drama and Tragedy
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Intended as a communal affair.Public genre, like poetryUse of open-air auditorium; audience part of drama not mere spectators.
Use of Chorus
Origins of Drama
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Rooted in Festival of Dionysus, City Dionysia, in honor of the god of fertility, wine and religious festival
Contest among playwrights, in which each entered a tragic trilogy and a short comedy or satire.
Origins...
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Evolved from religious worship – choral hymnsDithyramb – detailed heroic
action/stories; sung and danced by chorus of about 50 men.
Thespis added a speaker who addressed the chorus
Transformation from pure storytelling (dithyramb) to drama
Origins (con’t)
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Theater of Dionysus – auditorium, with most of the performances taking place during the day.
Night scenes were suggested by dialogue and imagination.
Theater Overview
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Theater Overview:ConventionsMost action takes
place in front of temples, palaces, and other outdoor settings
No violence on stage
No women and limited number of actors (3)
Material is already known/familiar and therefore no suspense
Use masks
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Theatron – ‘viewing place’ for audience
Orchestra – ‘dancing space’ for chorus
Skene – ‘tent’, slightly raised platform with painted scenery, hence the word ‘scene’
Parodos – ‘passageways’ for chorus and actors
Theater Structure:
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Parts of a Greek Theater:
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AESCHYLUS (524-456 B.C.)Won 13 first place victoriesAdded a second speaker to
Thespis’ firstOresteia, The Seven Against
Thebes, Prometheus Bound
The Great Three of Tragedy
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SOPHOCLES – (496-406 B.C.)Won 24 first place victoriesAdded a third speaker and fixed
chorus at 15 membersOedipus Trilogy, Ajax, Electra, The
Women of Trachis
The Great Three of Tragedy
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Euripides- (484-406 B.C.)Most modern of the Great Three;
radical and ahead of timesUsed mechanical devices to enable
gods to appear and disappear.Helen, The Kyclops, The Trojan
Women
The Great Three of Tragedy
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Basic parts of a Greek TragedyPrologueParodosFirst EpisodeFirst Stasimon(alternation between episodes and stasima)Exodos
Dramatic Form
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12-15 membersUsually has a leader, Coryphaeus ,
who spoke the dialogue lines to characters.
Involving singing/chanting and dancing as well as character interaction
Non-professionals who were talented and trained by poets
Chorus
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Provides poetic interludesActs as spokesperson for public
opinionsOccasionally expositoryHelps set mood and point to
universal significance of events
Chorus: Functions
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Paid professionals assigned to poetsRoles
Protagonist (first actor)Deuteragonist (second actor)Tritagonist (third actor)
Multiple Roles
Actors
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DescriptionVariety of masks to designate age,
gender, social status, etc.Exaggerated expressions
Masks: Description
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Used to represent men and womenActed as megaphones to amplify
voices
Masks: Function
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A literary composition that deals with reversals of fortune and eventual downfall of a royal figure whose suffering is unjust but not wholly innocent.
Tragedy (Tragic Drama)
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Stresses the vulnerability of human beings whose suffering is caused by human and divine actions.
Such suffering is usually undeserved with regard to harshness of punishment (concept of Hamartia)
Tragedy: Nature
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Arouse pity and fear for the purpose of proper purgation of emotions (catharsis)
Audience feels pity (compassion/empathy) and at the same time fear (dread)
Tragedy: Purpose
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6 Elements of DramaPlotCharactersThoughts/ThemeLanguageMusicSpectacle
Plot: Soul of TragedyEmphasis on
ORDEREmphasis on UNITY
PlaceTimeAction
CharacterGOODAPPROPRIATEREALISTIC
CONSISTENT
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Introduction and Background
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One of few surviving trilogies (with Oedipus at Colonus and Antigone) but is nevertheless self-contained
Based on an old familiar mythPlay starts in medias res
Background
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Two Important Greek Precepts:Know ThyselfNothing in Excess
Truth is better than ignorancePride is admirable except when you behave like a god and abuse the weaker.
The Greek World:Key Concepts
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Hamartia- error in judgment or moral flaw. Sometimes translated as tragic flaw but this may be misinterpreted.
Hubris – overweening pride; one of the common reasons for hamartia.
Hamartia and Hubris
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Family Tree of OedipusLabdacus
Laius JOcasta Creon
Oedipus Jocasta
Eteocles Polynices Ismene Antigone
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What walks on four legs in the morning, two at noon, and three at night?
Answer: MAN
Riddle of Sphinx
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Solves riddle, marries Jocasta and becomes King of Thebes
Oedipus Rex opens years after when another plague comes to Thebes.
Oedipus