Introduction to Critical Thinking Skills
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Transcript of Introduction to Critical Thinking Skills
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Introduction to Critical Thinking Skills
Dr Fariza Hanis Abdul Razak
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Learning Outcomes
• By the end of the lecture, you will be able to:– Explain the meaning of critical thinking– Describe the process of critical thinking– Apply brainstorming techniques to thinking
process– Describe the characteristics of a critical thinker– Highlight the importance of critical thinking for a
student
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BRAIN TEASERS
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How many triangles are there?
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How many squares are there?
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Egyptian Maze
Start Finish
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CRITICAL THINKING 101
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Exercise 1
• On your way to classes this morning, you saw an accident. What would you do?
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Critical Thinking Tools
• Blogs and wikis• Comic strips• Mindmapping & brainstorming• Infographics • Videos and audios• Games • Digital storytelling• Creative writing
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Free Mind Map Tools
FreeMind
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10 Best Free Infographic Makers
• Pictochart • Easel.ly• Many Eyes• Infogr.am• Visual.ly
• Tableau • TimeLineJS• ChartsBin• Kinzaa • Google developers
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Exercise 2
• Imagine that you live in a world that has only 20 words. What are those words?
• Instructions:– You can only use these words to express yourself.– You can repeatedly use these words, but not other
words that you did not suggest earlier.
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Exercise 3 - Tour Guide for an Alien
• Pretend that you have been assigned the task of conducting a tour for aliens who are visiting earth and observing human life. You're riding along in a blimp, and you float over a football stadium. One of your aliens looks down and becomes very confused, so you tell him that there is a game going on.
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Try to answer these questions:
1. What is a game?2. Why are there no female players?3. Why do people get so passionate watching
other people play games?4. What is a team?5. Why can't the people in the seats just go
down on the field and join in?
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What is Critical Thinking?
• Thinking and judging for yourself• You will learn to evaluate information that you
hear and process information that you collect honestly and without the assumptions that we carry around.
• You will analyze the evidence that is presented to you in order to make sure it is sound.
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Skill #1: Interpretation
• What it Means: Having the ability to understand the information you are being presented with and being able to communicate the meaning of that information to others.
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Exercise Skill #1
• Write down 10 emotions you feel can be paired with facial expressions, e.g. smiling equals happiness.
• Then give your list to a friend and ask them to randomly recreate each facial expression as you attempt to interpret the correct emotion simply by looking at their face.
• How many can you correctly identify?• The answers: http://
changingminds.org/explanations/emotions/facial_emotions.htm
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Skill #2: Analysis
What it Means: Having the ability to connect pieces of information together in order to determine what the intended meaning of the information was meant to represent.
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Exercise Skill #2
• Try to determine the meaning behind this Malay Proverb: “Harapkan pagar, pagar makan padi.”
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Skill #3: Inference
• What it Means: Having the ability to understand and recognize what elements you will need in order to determine an accurate conclusion or hypothesis from the information you have at your disposal.
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Exercise Skill #3
• Try watching an episode of a weekly crime show. Focus on absorbing the clues in an effort to determine the mystery of who completed the crime during the episode.
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Skill #4: Evaluation
• What it Means: Being able to evaluate the credibility of statements or descriptions of a person’s experience, judgment or opinion in order to measure the validity of the information being presented.
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Exercise Skill #4
• http://lis.tees.ac.uk/infoskills_gen/critical/exercise.cfm
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Skill #5: Explanation
• What it Means: Having the ability to not only restate information, but add clarity and perspective to the information, so it can be fully understood by anyone you are sharing it with.
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Exercise Skill #5
• Explain what is IT to:– A 4 year-old kid– A 70 year-old grandma
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Skill #6: Self-Regulation
• What it Means: Having the awareness of your own thinking abilities and the elements that you are using to find results.
• It’s important to be able to separate your own personal biases or self-interests when making decisions at work.
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Exercise Skill #6
• List 5 reasons why you deserve to get an A+ for this course.
• After you complete your reasons, read through each and focus on identifying your own potential biases that may impact your argument.
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CRITICAL THINKING STANDARDS
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Critical Thinking Standards (CTS)
• Clarity• Accuracy • Precision • Relevance • Depth • Breadth • Logic • Fairness
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CTS - Clarity
• Could you elaborate further on that point?• Could you express that point in another way?• Could you give me an illustration?• Could you give me an example?
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CTS – Accuracy • Is that really true?• How could we check that?• How could we find out if that is true?
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CTS – Precision
• Could you give more details?• Could you be more specific?
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CTS – Relevance
• How is that connected to the question?• How does that bear on the issue?
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CTS – Depth
• How does your answer address the complexities in the question?• How are you taking into account the problems in the question?• Is that dealing with the most significant factors?
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CTS – Breadth• Do we need to consider another point of view?• Is there another way to look at this question?• What would this look like from a conservative
standpoint?• What would this look like from the point of view of...?
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CTS – Logic
• Does this really make sense?• Does that follow from what you said?• How does that follow?• But before you implied this and now you are
saying that; how can both be true?
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CTS – Fairness
Critical thinking demands that our thinking be fair.• Open-minded • Impartial• Free of distorting biases and preconceptions
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Some Barriers to Critical Thinking• Lack of relevant
background information
• Poor reading skills
• Poor listening skills
• Bias• Prejudice• Superstition• Egocentrism • Socio-centrism • Peer pressure
• Distrust of reason• Stereotyping• Relativistic thinking• Wishful thinking• Short-term thinking• Selective perception /
attention• Selective memory• Overpowering
emotions • Self-deception• Fear of change
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Why is critical thinking important to students?
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Benefits of Critical Thinking• Academic Performance– understand the arguments and beliefs of others– Critically evaluating those arguments and beliefs– Develop and defend one's own well-supported arguments and beliefs.
• Workplace– Helps us to reflect and get a deeper understanding of our own and others’
decisions– Encourage open-mindedness to change– Aid us in being more analytical in solving problems
• Daily life– Helps us to avoid making foolish personal decisions.– Promotes an informed and concerned citizenry capable of making good decisions
on important social, political and economic issues. – Aids in the development of autonomous thinkers capable of examining their
assumptions, dogmas, and prejudices.