Introduction to Constrution

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Transcript of Introduction to Constrution

Page 1: Introduction to Constrution

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m @ejpsr~`siej Sn`ajebely ijvebvnp ps~cy ej hnsaecp ef `ejpsr~`siej se p~``nppf~bby g`ainvn san psr~`s~rgb cnpilj

|isa rn`ehhnjcnc p}n`ifi`gsiejp*

m Is gbpe ij`b~cnp ps~cy ef `ejpsr~`siej nw~i}hnjs" gjcsnh}ergry |erdp rnw~irnc se fg`ibisgsn san `ejpsr~`siej}re`npp*

m San hecnrj srnjc ip se|grcp `ejpsr~`sijl bilasnr gjcsgbbnr o~ibcijlp |ai`a ip gb|gyp g oil `agbbnjln ij gj nrgef fijgj`igb `r~j`a* Se g`ainvn is p~``nppf~bby sanrn ip gjnnc ef agvn pe}aipsi`gsnc nw~i}hnjs nh}beync ij san

`ejpsr~`siej }re`npp*

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m ‒Is ip g lrngs }refnppiej* Sanrn ip g fgp`ijgsiej ef |gs`aijl g

 filhnjs ef san ihglijgsiej nhnrln sare~la san gic ef p`inj`n

se g }bgj ej }g}nr* Sanj is hevnp se rngbi{gsiej ij psejn er 

hnsgb er njnrly* Sanj is orijlp keop gjc aehnp se hnj* Sanj is nbnvgsnp san psgjcgrcp ef bivijl gjc gccp se san `ehfersp ef 

bifn* Sags ip san njlijnnr’p aila }rivibnln*‘

(Anronrs Aeevnr

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Saip p~okn`s `ejpipsp ef `ejpsr~`siej g`sivisinp*

m Ijsrec~`siej se p~opsr~`s~rn; fe~jcgsiej gjc }ibnp*

m Ijsrec~`siej se snh}ergry |erdp; p`gffebcp gjc ferh|erdp*

m Ijsrec~`siej se p~}nrpsr~`s~rn; Fbeerp" \gbbp" Ijsnrjgb Fiqs~rnpgjc Fissijlp gjc _eefp*

m Ijsrec~`siej se nqsnrjgb |erdp*

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m Pe`iebeli`gb `agjlnp" jn| sn`ajebely ij ijc~psry gjc

`ehhnr`n" jn| o~ibcijl `ecnp" esanr jn| bg|p gjcrnl~bgsiejp" ijfbgsiejgry n`ejehinp ef jgsiejp" gjc gcvgj`np

ij o~ibcijl sn`ajebely }bg`n gj nvnr(ij`rngpijl o~rcnj ej

o~ibcijl cnpiljnrp gjc `ejpsr~`serp*

m Sany jnnc hern gjc hern dje|bncln gjc pdibb se `e}n |isa

san cnhgjcp }bg`nc ej sanh*

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m San }~obi` `ejsij~gbby cnhgjcp hern `eh}bnq o~ibcijlp sagj

ij san }gps*

m Sany h~ps pnrvn

‐ hern }~r}epnp"

‐ bgps bejlnr"

‐ gjc rnw~irn bnpp hgijsnjgj`n gjc rn}gir*

‐ Gp ij san }gps" sany h~ps beed gssrg`sivn*

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m Yns oesa o~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej gjc e}nrgsijl `epsp h~ps on

dn}s |isaij g``n}sgobn bihisp er jn| `ejpsr~`siej |ibb `ngpn*

m Se hnns saip `agbbnjln p~``nppf~bby" `ejsij~gb ih}revnhnjsp 

ij o~ibcijl cnpilj gjc `ejpsr~`siej h~ps on hgcn*

m O~ibcijl cnpiljnrp gjc `ejpsr~`serp pae~bc on gbnrs se sanpn

sn`ajiw~np" gcvgj`nhnjsp gjc bngrj ae| se g}}by sanh

pdibbf~bby*

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m Ij san }gps" cnpilj ef g jn| o~ibcijl |gp hgijby gj ihisgsiej ef 

san cnpilj ef gj nqipsijl o~ibcijl* Ijjevgsiejp |nrn efsnjcnvnbe}nc fers~ise~pby gjc oy ijs~isiej gjc |nrn rgrn

e``~rrnj`np*

m Ejn gcvgj`n ef jesn se o~ibcijl cnpilj ip san gcg}sgsiej ef pypsnhp cnpilj* Ij `ejsrgps se goevn" pypsnhp cnpilj

nj`e~rglnp ijjevgsiej* Is ip g }rn`ipn }re`nc~rn sags l~icnp

`rngsivisy se|grc san onps cn`ipiejp* Gp g rnp~bs" is `gj }bgy gpiljifi`gjs rebn ij hnnsijl san `agbbnjlnp }epnc oy ij`rngpijl

o~ibcijl `eh}bnqisy gjc `epsp*

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m Sanrn grn s|e lnjnrgb gp}n`sp se san

`ejpsr~`siej ef o~ibcijlp;

7* @ejvnjsiejgb er srgcisiejgb hnsaecp

?* Hecnrj er ijc~psrigbi{nc hnsaecp

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m @ejvnjsiejgb gjc srgcisiejgb hnsaecp

‐ `ej`njsrgsn ej phgbbnr sy}n ef psr~`s~rn" p~`a gp g cehnpsi`

c|nbbijl ef ejn er s|e psernyp o~ibs oy bgoer ijsnjpivn

srgcisiejgb hnsaecp*

‐ Lnjnrgbby is ip hern n`ejehi`gb se `ejpsr~`s saip sy}n ef 

o~ibcijl oy sanpn hnsaecp" ~jbnpp bgrln j~honrp ef pihibgr

~jisp grn rnw~irnc ej san pghn pisn*

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m Hecnrj er ijc~psrigbi{nc hnsaecp

Ij sanpn `ir`~hpsgj`np n`ejehy ef p`gbn hgy k~psify

fg`sery hgj~fg`s~rnc" }rnfgori`gsnc nbnhnjsp ef 

psr~`s~rn*

Sanpn ijc~psrigbi{nc hgj~fg`s~rijl }re`npp ~pnc

se }rec~`n `eh}bnsn nbnhnjsp" i*n* fbeerp" |gbbp" reef 

frghnp" ns`* ij hec~bnp er psgjcgrci{nc cihnjpiejgb

ij`rnhnjsp !ef >= hh)*

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m G o~ibcijl ip gj gppnhobgln sags ip firhby gssg`anc se san

lre~jc gjc sags }revicnp sesgb er jngrby sesgb panbsnr ferhg`aijnp" }re`nppijl nw~i}hnjs" }nrferhgj`n ef a~hgj

g`sivisinp" psergln ef a~hgj }eppnppiejp" er gjy `ehoijgsiej

ef sanpn*

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m O~ibcijl cnpilj ip san }re`npp ef }revicijl gbb ijferhgsiej

jn`nppgry fer `ejpsr~`siej ef g o~ibcijl sags |ibb hnns ispe|jnr’p rnw~irnhnjsp gjc gbpe pgsipfy }~obi` angbsa" |nbfgrn"

gjc pgfnsy rnw~irnhnjsp*

‐ Gr`aisn`s~rn ip san grs gjc p`inj`n ef o~ibcijl cnpilj*

‐ O~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej ip san }re`npp ef gppnhobijl hgsnrigbp

se ferh g o~ibcijl*

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m O~ibcijl cnpilj hgy on bnlgbby nqn`~snc ejby oy }nrpejpcnnhnc `eh}nsnjs se ce pe oy san psgsn ij |ai`a san o~ibcijl

ip se on `ejpsr~`snc*  @eh}nsnj`y ip cnsnrhijnc ej san ogpip ef nc~`gsiej"nq}nrinj`n" gjc goibisy se }gpp g |rissnj snps ef cnpilj pdibbp*

‐ Gr`aisn`sp grn }nrpejp bnlgbby }nrhissnc se }rg`si`ngr`aisn`s~rn*

‐ Njlijnnrp grn nq}nrsp ij p}n`ifi` p`injsifi` cip`i}bijnp gjc grnbnlgbby }nrhissnc se cnpilj }grsp ef o~ibcijlp4 ij pehn `gpnp"`eh}bnsn o~ibcijlp* Ij pehn `e~jsrinp" }nrpejp bi`njpnc gpo~ibcijl cnpiljnrp grn }nrhissnc se cnpilj `nrsgij sy}np ef o~ibcijlp*

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m O~ibcijl `ejpsr~`siej ip lnjnrgbby }nrferhnc oy bgoernrp gjc

`rgfsp}ne}bn njlglnc fer san }~r}epn oy gj ijcivic~gb ererlgji{gsiej" `gbbnc g

m San `ejsrg`ser piljp gj glrnnhnjs" er `ejsrg`s" |isa san

o~ibcijl e|jnr ~jcnr |ai`a san `ejsrg`ser glrnnp se

`ejpsr~`s g p}n`ifi` o~ibcijl ej g p}n`ifinc pisn gjc san e|jnr

glrnnp se }gy fer san hgsnrigbp gjc pnrvi`np }revicnc*

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m Fer g o~ibcijl se on srngsnc gp g pypsnh" gp rnw~irnc ij

pypsnhp cnpilj" is ip jn`nppgry se dje| |ags g pypsnh ip gjc|ags isp ogpi` `agrg`snripsi`p grn*

m

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m San pih}bnps o~ibcijl pypsnh `ejpipsp ef ejby s|e

`eh}ejnjsp*

‐ Ejn `eh}ejnjs ip g fbeer" g fbgs" aeri{ejsgb p~rfg`n ej |ai`a

a~hgj g`sivisinp `gj sgdn }bg`n*

‐ San esanr `eh}ejnjs ip gj nj`bep~rn sags nqsnjcp evnr san

fbeer gjc lnjnrgbby gbpe gre~jc is se }revicn panbsnr freh san

|ngsanr fer a~hgj g`sivisinp*

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m San }ersiej ef g o~ibcijl sags nqsnjcp goevn san lre~jc bnvnb

e~spicn is ip `gbbnc san p~}nrpsr~`s~rn*

m San }ersiej onbe| san e~spicn lre~jc bnvnb ip `gbbnc san

p~opsr~`s~rn*

m San }grsp ef san p~opsr~`s~rn sags cipsrio~sn o~ibcijl begcp se

san lre~jc grn dje|j gp fe~jcgsiejp*

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m Ij heps o~ibcijlp" san

p~}nrpsr~`s~rn psr~`s~rgbpypsnh `ejpipsp ef 

‐ fbeer gjc reef cn`dp"

‐ aeri{ejsgb hnhonrp sags

p~}}ers sanh"

‐ gjc vnrsi`gb hnhonrp sags

p~}}ers san esanr `eh}ejnjsp*