Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine...

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Introduction To Computers

Transcript of Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine...

Page 1: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Introduction To ComputersIntroduction To Computers

Page 2: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

What is a computer?What is a computer?

Page 3: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

What Is A Computer? What Is A Computer?

A programmable machine

– Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined manner.

– Can execute a prerecorded list of instructions (a program)

CLR DATA DEF FN DIM END FOR...TO...STEP GET GOSUB GOTO IF..THEN INPUT LET NEXT ON PRINT READ REM STOP WAIT

10 PI = 0: C = 1 20 PI = PI + 4/C + 4/(C + 2) 30 PRINT PI 40 C=C+4: GOTO 20

Page 4: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

What Is A Computer? TextbookWhat Is A Computer? Textbook

An electronic device that– Accepts data (raw facts)– Processes that data

– Produces meaningful information» Through math / logic

» Without human intervention

DATA INFORMATION

Page 5: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Which Computer is Best?Which Computer is Best?

A. Dell

B. Gateway

C. HP/Compaq

D. IBM

VOTE!

Page 6: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Which Computer is Best?Which Computer is Best?Apple (298) 9.2

Alienware (58) 8.8

Self-built (1,408) 8.4

Sony (445) 8.2

Clone (710) 8.2

Shuttle (63) 8.0

Dell (5,752) 7.9

MPC/Micron (82) 7.8

Gateway (688) 7.7

Systemax (92) 7.7

eMachines (367) 7.4

HP/Compaq (2179) 7.4

Lenovo/IBM (334) 7.4

Page 7: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Need A Computer?Need A Computer?

Find the cheapest Dell computer

Build it yourself

Apple (298)$500 (mini) +

monitor

Alienware (58) $659

Self-built (1,408) -

Sony (445) $700 + mon

Clone (710) -

Shuttle (63) TINY! $600 + mon

Dell (5,752) $300

Page 8: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Which Computer Is Best?Which Computer Is Best? 2002 PC Magazine Reader Survey

Page 9: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Which Computer Is Best?Which Computer Is Best? 2003 PC Magazine Reader Survey

Page 10: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

2004 PC Mag Reader Survey2004 PC Mag Reader Survey

Page 11: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

2005 PC Mag Reader Survey2005 PC Mag Reader Survey

Page 12: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

2008

Page 13: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

What Do Computers Do?What Do Computers Do?

Computers perform 4 general operations:• Input

• Processing (math / logical)

• Output

• Storage

Page 14: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

A. keyboard and mouseB. microphone and scannerC. printer and monitorD. digital camera & PC video camera

VOTE!

All of the following are widely used input devices

except __

All of the following are widely used input devices

except __

Page 15: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Input DevicesInput Devices

Keyboards

Mouse

Others?

Page 16: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Other Input DevicesOther Input Devices

Page 17: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

System UnitSystem Unit

Page 18: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

System Unit System Unit

Page 19: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

ASUS A7N266ASUS A7N266

Processor:– AMD Athlon XP1900+ OEM

RAM:– 256MB PC2700 DDR

Video:– ATI Radeon 9100 64MB Retail

Sound, Network – On board

Communications:– US Robotics 56K V90 PCI

CD-RW:– Lite-On LTR-52246S

Monitor:– Samsung 700NF

Hard Drive:– Seagate Barracuda ATA V 60GB

TOTAL: $650

Page 20: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Processor UnitProcessor Unit

Consists of two parts:– Central processing unit (CPU)

– Main computer memory (ram)

Page 21: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

MemoryMemory

Main computer memory Random access memory

– RAM

Measured in bytes (chars)– KiloBytes 1000– MegaBytes 1 million– GigaBytes 1 billion

Page 22: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

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Bit PermutationsBit Permutations1 bit

01

2 bits

00011011

3 bits

000001010011100101110111

4 bits

00000001001000110100010101100111

10001001101010111100110111101111

Each additional bit doubles the number of possible permutations

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Page 24: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

A. display devices (screen/monitor)B. speakers and headsetsC. printersD. ports

VOTE!

All of the following are widely used output devices

except __

All of the following are widely used output devices

except __

Page 25: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Output DevicesOutput Devices

Printers Impact

»Daisy wheel

»Dot matrix Non-impact

»Laser

»Ink jet

Page 26: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Laser PrinterLaser Printer

Page 27: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Output DevicesOutput Devices

Display Devices (monitors or Display Devices (monitors or screens)screens)

Page 28: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

MonitorsMonitors

CRT vs. LCD MONOCHROME

vs. Color Pixels

– 640 x 480 VGA

– 800 x 600 super VGA

– 1024 x 768 “ “

– 1280 x 1024 “ “

Page 29: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

PixelPixel

Page 30: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Auxiliary StorageAuxiliary Storage

Storage of data and programs when not stored in main memory

Page 31: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Storage devicesStorage devices –1. Floppy disks1. Floppy disks

–2. Zip disks2. Zip disks

3. Hard disks3. Hard disks

A.A. Magnetic disksMagnetic disks

Page 32: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Diskettes

– 5 1/4”

– 3 1/2”

– Double sided, SS

– Double or high density

Page 33: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Hard Drives (Fixed Drives)Hard Drives

(Fixed Drives) Capacity measured in

megabytes or terabytes

Size to 5TB

Page 34: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Disk, Track, SectorDisk, Track, Sector

Track.– A ring on a disk where

data can be written.

Sector.– The smallest unit that

can be accessed on a disk.

Page 35: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Storage devicesStorage devices

B.B. Optical DisksOptical Disks–2. DVDs2. DVDs

–1. CD s1. CD s

Page 36: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

CD-ROMCD-ROM

Compact disk-read only memory

600 meg 22K tracks Software distributed on CD Multimedia software CD-recorders available

– Read and write to them

Page 37: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Storage devicesStorage devices

C.C. TapeTape D.D. Miniature Storage MediaMiniature Storage Media

Page 38: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Computer SoftwareComputer Software

-System software

– Operating system

– Diagnostic Application software

– Word processing

– Spreadsheets

– Database management

– Business payroll, etc.

– Games, et. Al.

Page 39: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Windows VersionWindows Version Graphical user interface (GUI).

– Uses graphics and text to communicate with user.(Contrast with

DOS prompt).

Windows 3.1, 3.11.– A GUI.– Not an operating system.– DOS is still required.

Windows 98, XP– An operating system.– Includes a GUI.

Page 40: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

CommunicationsCommunications

Transmission of data over communications channel such as telephone lines

Page 41: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Communications EquipmentCommunications Equipment

Computers process data using digital signals. Telephone equipment uses an analog signal. Modem.

– Converts the digital signals of a computer to an analog signal and vice versa.

– Data can be transferred from one computer to another using the telephone lines.

Page 42: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Internet Service ProviderInternet Service Provider

ISP – provide subscribers with software necessary for

communications » Dixie-Net

» CrossRoads

» Network One

Page 43: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

The InternetThe Internet

The network of worldwide computers. World wide web (WWW).

– Allows users to use text, graphics, video and sound from other web sites on the internet.

Browsers.– Allow users to browse volumes of information

from computers around the world.– Netscape navigator, internet explorer.

Page 44: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

NetworksNetworks

LAN

– Local Area Network

Computers in Same Buildings or Close Buildings Connected Through Cables.

Page 45: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

WANWAN

WAN (Wide Area Network)– Computers Connected

Thorough Communications Channels Such As Telephone Wires, Microwaves, Etc.

Page 46: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.
Page 47: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Considerations for Purchasing a ComputerConsiderations for Purchasing a Computer

Determine what it will be used for. Choose your software first. Beware of hidden costs. Compare purchases alternatives. Consider the advantages of buying locally

and from direct mail order companies.

Page 48: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Purchasing ContinuedPurchasing Continued

Look for free software. Purchase a system compatible with the one

you use elsewhere. Consider an on-site service agreement. Use a credit card for purchasing your

system. Plan to use the system for at least 3 years.

Page 49: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Installing a Computer SystemInstalling a Computer System

Allow for adequate work space. Install computer in a well-designed work area. Provide adequate lighting. Install or move a phone near the computer. Save all paperwork that comes with your system. Record the serial numbers of all equipment and

software. Keep all shipping containers. Install in area where temperature and humidity can

be maintained.

Page 50: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Computer VirusesComputer Viruses

A computer program designed to infect computer systems by copying itself into other computer files.

The virus program spreads when infected files are executed on host and perhaps copied to another system.

Installing an anti-virus program on your computer.

An anti-virus program activates when the computer is turned on.

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Page 52: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.

Login– Word, Excel Access, PowerPoint

Page 53: Introduction To Computers What is a computer? What Is A Computer? n A programmable machine –Responds to a specific set of instructions in a well-defined.