Introduction to computer by karan shah

Presentation By Karan Shah

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PRESENTATION ON INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

Presented by :

Karan shah

Presentation By Karan Shah2

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WHAT IS A COMPUTER ?

A computer is a digital device which can be programmed to change (process) information from one form to another. Do exactly as they are told. Digital devices: Understand only two different states

(OFF and ON - 0 and 1)

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HISTORY OF COMPUTERS Origins of Computing Machines :

Early computing devices1. Abacus : Abacus 300 BC by Babylonians

Around 1200 A.D. in China and Japan. Positions of Beads Represent Numbers.

2. Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator – 1645 : Pascal’s Mechanical Calculator a Gear-based machines (1600s-1800s) Positions of gears represent numbers

Inventors: Blaise Pascal, Wilhelm Leibniz, Charles Babbage


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EARLY COMPUTERS Vacuum tube

Transistor

Microchip

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EARLY COMPUTERSFirst Generation

Vacuum Tubes : 1930’s – Vacuum tubes were used as electronic circuits or electronic switches.

1946 – ENIAC : First large-scale electronic digital computer was ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator) 30 feet long, 8 feet wide, and 8 feet high 3 additions every second

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EARLY COMPUTERS

Second Generation – Transistors :

1947 - Walter Brittain and Willaim Shockley invented the transistor at Bell Laboratories

Replaced the vacuum tube as an electronic switch

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EARLY COMPUTERSThird Generation – Integrated

Circuits

1959, Jack Kirby and Robert Noyce (who later became the cofounder of Intel Corp.) developed the first integrated circuit (silicon chip or microchip).

An integrated circuit (IC) is a system of interrelated circuits packaged together on a single sliver of silicon.

It is a way of placing multiple (millions) transistor devices into as single, smaller device, the “microchip.”

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EARLY COMPUTERS

Fourth Generation – Microprocessor

A microprocessor is a Central Processing Unit (CPU) on a single chip.

1971, Intel Corp. introduced the first microprocessor chip. Intel 4004

108 kHz and contained (equivalent of) 2300 transistors

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TYPES OF COMPUTERSGeneral Purpose Computers :Super ComputerMainframePersonal Computer



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IBM PERSONAL COMPUTER On August 12, 1981,

IBM released their new computer, named the IBM PC

2004 – IBM sells PC business to Lenovo


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APPLE COMPUTERS 1975 – Steve Jobs

and Steve Wozniak starts Apple Computer

1984 – Apple Macintosh with Graphical User Interface (GUI)


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LAPTOPS 1981 - Adam

Osborne, produced the Osborne 1

1988 - Compaq laptop with color screen

2008 – Macbook Air – thinnest laptop

2011 – Dell XPS 15Z – thinnest Windows laptop

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STORAGE DEVICES There are two types of Storage devices they

are:

1. Primary Storage Devices2. Secondary Storage devices

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EARLY DATA STORAGE Punched cards

First used in Jacquard Loom (1801) to store patterns for weaving cloth

Storage of programs in Babbage’s Analytical Engine Popular through the 1970’s.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/58/FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg

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INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES

SYSTEM UNITINPUT OUTPUT

PERMANENTSTORAGE


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HARDWARE & SOFTWAREHardware

Hardware : The physical components that make up a computer system.

Hardware Components : Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Webcam, Joystick, Scanner, Printer, etc.

Software Softare : The

programs (instructions) that tell the computer what to do. System Software Application Software Stored on a storage

media such as hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk, tape, etc.

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SOFTWARE

System Software

Application Software

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APPLICATION SOFTWARE Performs specific tasks:

Word processing Calculations Information storage and retrieval Accounting Games

Cannot function without the OS (Operating System)

Written for a specific operating system and computer hardware.

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OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE Loads automatically when you switch on a

computer Main Functions:

Controls hardware and software Permits you to manage files Acts as intermediary between user and

applications

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TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows Linux Ubuntu Firefox Mac Android & IOS (Mobile/Smart Phone OS)

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Presentation By Karan ShahFUNCTIONS OF OPERATING

SYSTEM

Process Management Device Management Memory and Storage Management Communication & Security Management Application Interface

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TYPES OF USER INTERFACE

There are 2 Types of User Interface They are :

1. GUI - Graphical User Interface

2. CLI – Command Line User Interface

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ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER Fastest Medium Of Communication Used to Receive, Supply, & Process a Large

Volume of Data at a High Speed It Ensures Consistent and Error Free Prossing

of Data Computes every types of typical

Mathematical equations in seconds Mainly Reduces Man Work A Medium Of Entertainment & Knowledge


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THANk YOU

Introduction to computer by karan shah

Technology

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