Introduction to Computer and Programming CS-101 Lecture 6 By : Lecturer : Omer Salih Dawood...
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Transcript of Introduction to Computer and Programming CS-101 Lecture 6 By : Lecturer : Omer Salih Dawood...
Introduction to Computer and Programming
CS-101
Lecture 6
By :
Lecturer : Omer Salih DawoodDepartment of Computer Science
College of Arts and Science
1Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Computer Science, Computer Engineering, Information
Technology and Systems, Flow of Control, Batch and Interactive
Processing
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Computer Science
• Definition: Computer science (or computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems.
• Computer science began to be established as a distinct academic discipline in the 1960s
• Focuses on the process of computing through several areas of specialization, including theory, algorithms, data structures, programming concepts and languages.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Computer Science
• Computer Theory:• Algorithms• Data Structures• Programming concepts and languages:• Computer architecture• Management information System:• Software Engineering
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Fields of computer science• Mathematical foundations• Theory of computation • Algorithms and data structures• Programming languages and compilers• Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems• Software engineering• System architecture• Communications• Databases• Artificial intelligence• Visual rendering (or Computer graphics)• Human-Computer Interaction• Scientific computing
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Mathematical foundations
• Mathematical logic • Number theory • Graph theory • Type theory • Category theory • Computational geometry • Numerical analysis
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Theory of computation
• Automata theory • Computability theory • Computational complexity theory • Quantum computing theory
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Algorithms and data structures
• Analysis of algorithms • Algorithms • Data structures
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Programming languages and compilers
• Compilers • Interpreters • Programming languages
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Concurrent, parallel, and distributed systems
• Concurrency • Distributed computing • Parallel computing
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Software engineering
• Algorithm design • Computer programming • Formal methods • Reverse engineering • Software development
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
System architecture
• Computer architecture • Computer organization • Operating systems
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Artificial intelligence
• Artificial intelligence • Artificial life • Automated reasoning • Computer vision • Machine learning • Natural language processing/Computational
linguistics • Robotics
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Human-Computer Interaction
• Human computer interaction : The study of making computers and computations useful, usable and universally accessible to people, including the study and design of computer interfaces through which people use computers.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Scientific computing
• Bioinformatics • Cognitive Science • Computational chemistry • Computational neuroscience • Computational physics • Numerical algorithms • Symbolic mathematics
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
2. computer Engineering
• Definition: Computer Engineering (also called Electronic & Computer engineering or Computer Systems Engineering) is a discipline that encompasses broad areas of both electrical engineering and computer science
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
computer Engineering
• Algorithms • Computer architecture and
organization • Computer systems
engineering • Circuits and signals • Database systems • Digital logic • Digital signal processing • Electronics • Embedded systems
• Human-computer interaction • Operating systems • Programming fundamentals • Social and Professional issues • Software engineering • VLSI design and fabrication • Computer Networking • Distributed Systems • Advanced Database systems
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Information Technology and Systems
Information System: An Information System (IS) is the system of persons, data records and activities that process the data and information in a given organization, including manual processes or automated processes.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Applications of information systems
• Information systems deal with the development, use and management of an organization's IT infrastructure.
• The study of information systems, focuses on why and how technology can be put into best use to serve the information flow within an organization.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Decision support features MIS DSS EIS ES
Type of decision maker
Many
operational
managers
Individuals and
Small groups of
tactical
managers
Individual
strategic
manager
Individual
strategic, tactical,
or operational
manager
Type of problem Structured Semi-structured Unstructured Structured
Type of
information
Pre-designed
reports on
Internal
operations
Interactive
queries and
responses for
specific
problems
Online access to
internal and
external
information on
many issues
Conclusions and
recommendations
for a particular
complex problem
Type of use Indirect Direct Direct Direct
Phase of decision making Intelligence Design, choice Intelligence Implementation
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Flow of Control
Flow of control: Flow control is the management of data flow between computers or devices or between nodes in a network so that the data can be handled at an efficient pace.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood
Batch and Interactive Processing
Batch processing: collecting jobs in a single batch and then execute them without further interaction what the user.
Interactive processing: Allows a program being executed to carry on a dialogue with the user through remote terminals. Requires real-time processing.
Mr.Omer Salih Dawood