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INTRODUCTION TO CIVILIZATIONAL
KNOWLEDGE(PENGENALAN ILMU KETAMADUNAN)
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Why we learn this course?
Look at the world
through different
perspectives (Lihatdunia dar i perspekt i f
yang berbeza)
Analyze some
contemporary
issues(An al isa isu
kontemporar i)
Inculcate universal
values (Tanam nilai
sejagat)
Develop excellent
personality and
confidence (Binapersonaliti dan jati diri
unggul)
The way to live in multi
cultural society (Cara ing in
hidup d alam dun ia yang
Is there any clash of
civilizations? ( Betulkah
wujud pertemb unganbudaya?)
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THE IMPORTANCE OF TITAS
Learning TITAS does not mean to focus on HISTORY ,but it is to learn about aspects related to development of
a civilization so we can practice and develop them...
Belajar TITAS bukanlah bermakdud memfokuskan keatas SEJARAH, tapi belajar tentang aspek-aspek yang
membina tamadunan untuk kita mempraktikkannya dan
memperkembangkannya
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Some of main questions related tocivilizational studya) What is civilization? Apakah tamadun?
b) What is the basis for understanding the definitionand concepts of a civilization? Apakah yang menjadi landasandalam memahami pengertian dan konsep tamadun?
c) What are the measurement, values or indicators fordetermining the achievement of a civilization? Apakahukuran, nilai atau penanda aras bagi menentukan pencapaian ketamadunan bagisesuatu tamadun?
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2 CONCEPTS SHOULD BE KNOWN:
1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY (PENGAJIAN KETAMADUNAN).
2) HISTORY OF CIVIL IZATION (SEJARAH TAMADUN) .
1) CIVILISATIONAL STUDY: Related to theories,
basic concepts and characteristics of a
civilization. Pengajian ketamadunanialah teori, konsep-konsep asas dan ciri-ciribagi sesebuah tamadun.
2)HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION (ITS BIOGRAPHY):
related to its past experience from its
development, emergence and collapse (its relatedto the study of the past). Sejarah tamadun (biografi tamadun)ialahpengalaman yang dilalui oleh sesuatu tamadun daripada segi pencapaian, kemajuan dan
kemundurannya atau ringkasnya kajian mengenai masa lampau.
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OTHER DEFINITIONS ABOUT
CIVILIZATION
1) Civilization= Latin word civitas means town
(bandar) dan cities (kota). Therefore, civilization =
the establishment of municipal (perbandaran) and
cities (kota).
2) Tamaddun=Arabic word Maddanameans:
a) Manner/Moral/Ethics & Religiousity refinement..
b) The establishment of a city, town or residential
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Def in i tion acco rding to Scholars
a) Ibn Khaldun:Civilization = umranwhich refers to
development & advancement of flourishing and prosperity oflives in the aspect of social, industrial & cultural organization.
These include the needs of food, clothes, house facilities, etc
b) M.A.Beg; Spiritual and material achievement occurred in a
city.
c) Will Durant:A social order that increase productivity,
cultral, which consist of 4 elementseconomics resources,
political system, moral traditions and arts.
d)Arnold Toynbee:Social system which help people to
increase productivity which consist of 4 elements economic
materials, political system, knowledge, and arts.
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Def ini t ion accord ing to Scholars (cont .)
e) Syed Qutb:Modernization which developed by
social system, governance, economics, and cultural
that based on Allahs jurisprudence and Islamic
ethics (akhlak).
f) Oswald Spengler:Western Civilization
emphasizes on materials which brings to
modernization to the society.
g) Albert Schwetzer:Modernization that
complement spiritual enhancement
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1.3. RELIGION AND CIVILIZATION
A civilization could not be seperated fromreligion?religion is the one which definesabout the life for an individual/ a societywhereby it effects are related to human life.Tamadun tidak dapat dipisahkah dari agama? - agama berperanan membentuk
pandangan semesta seseorang dan sesebuah masyarakat serta perilaku tindakanmereka dalam kehidupan
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a) Toynbee-- in the course if its evolution, a civilisationproduced, among other things, a universal state and higher
form of religion.
b) Thomas Berry-- Oriental civilisation such China and
India which could not be exactly understood unless with
referring to the greatest religions in Asia.
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c) Edward Sullivan- Muslim civilisation was theproduct of Muslim religion.
d)Ali Shariati pula- Islam is the main factor fordevelopment in Islamic civilization.
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1.5 RELATIONSHIP OF CIVILIZATION WITH
HUMAN CULTURE
A CIVILIZATION is very related to the
history and tradition/ culture of a place.Tamadun mempunyai pertalian rapat dengan sejarah dan tradisi/ budayakawasa geografi tertentu
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1.6 CIVILIZATION PROCESS
a) From uncivilized to civilized nation. Prosesyang dilalui oleh sesuatu masyarakat daripada tidak bertamadun
(uncivilized) kepada bertamadun (civilized).
b) From simple society to complex society.Masyarakat simpel mudah (simple society) kepada masyarakat kompleks
(complex society).
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1.6 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
CIVILIZATION
1)Building & Structures:
Ibn. Khaldun said civilization as social & culturalorganization, hadharah, Urbanization with clean
air, enough food, sources of food, development,
sewerage and irrigation.
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2) Language & Writing :
For the purpose of interaction and communication to
disseminate the information and ideas
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3) Land (specific area):
a society with 5,000 people living in one place, having
a written language and monument
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4) Needs:Social order,Social development, clean air, enough food
(sources of food), sewerage and irrigation. There are 3 levels
of human needs in Islm, i.e. Daruriyyat, Hajiyyat &
Tahsiniyaat.
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5) Social & community Institution:
Social organization based on status, hierarchy andraces such elite (landlord) group & servant group,
privilege
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6) Religion:Doctrine to Guide:
holy book,recognized teaching
brought by a
recognized prophet
send by God, man as
vicegerent on earth,
mortality of creation
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7) Governance system:
Start from the family context, social, states, nations
in order to manage & coordinate human needs and
responsibility. It also includes the form of
legislative, civil services, council, police, military,
Prime Minister
Office Complex
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8) Arts & Culture:the symbol of life cohesiveness and group
membership as a way of life and
entertainment
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9) Economy:
The transaction of items for the life survival
and upgrade the lifestyle and needs.
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10) Science & Technology:
the innovative and creative product in various
field such agriculture, transportation, etc
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11) Education:
Character building, knowledge based society,
inner transformation, realizing the reality of men
& life)
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12) Family institution
(cooperation among family members, living
together, guide by local rules and values)
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13) Development
( Based on morality, justice, & ownership )
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14) Sovereignty
Ethics and morality as foundation for
nation stability
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1.7. Factors of Emergence of Civilization
Religious boostStrategic Geographical
areas
Positive Influences
Appreciation of
Moral Values
Depressing distressExperience
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a. Stategic location for a settlement whereby there
are natural resources could be found for their living.Kedudukan strategik sesebuah penempatan masyarakat memperoleh sumber-
sumber semula jadi untuk kelangsungan kehidupan.
b. Religion and spiritual boost. Rangsangan keagamaan dankerohanian.
c. Application of high moral and values amongthe leaders and society. Penghayatan yang tinggi terhadapmoral dan nilai terpuji oleh pemimpin dan masyarakatnya.
d. Depressing stress of life faced by a
nation. Kesengsaraan hidup yang dialami oleh sesebuah masyarakat.
e. Mutual tolerance to other civilizations.Toleransiyang tinggi terhadap sumbangan tamadun-tamadun yang lain.
1 8 F lli f t f Ci ili ti
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1.8. Falling factors of Civilization
Natural Disaster
Moral Decay
among Leaders
Closed
mindedness to
improvement
and changes
Obvious differences
between wealthycommunities from
deprived people
Depression and abundance
of human rights
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Topic Review Assignment:
Discuss some factors that might
bring natural disaster to the world.See topic:Bencana: ujian atau hukuman Allh
SWT? (Book: Asar Abdul Karim. (2007). Cintakan Allh
SWT: Satu Realiti, Kota Bharu, Kelantan: Pustaka Aman
Press. Sdn. Bhd, 4200-A, Simpang Tiga Telipot, Jalan
Sultan Yahya Petra, 15700 Kota Bharu. ISBN 978-983-
867-265-8)*This book is available at UMP library.
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Students Centred Learning activity:
The collapse of a civilization is like a life
wheel. In the first stage it would be in
good condition heading to the excellence,
but at the final it will decrease gradually
with such wealthiness and corruption?Discuss about this statement .Kemerosotan sesebuah tamadun adalah putaran hidup.
Pada peringkat permulaan ia berjaya kerana nilai-nilai
baik, tetapi selepas mencapai kejayaan, nilai-nilai
tersebut merosot kerana limpahan kemewahan dan
penyelewengan?Bincangkan.
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Based on history, a civilization could collapse based on
these factors:a. Unjust happens such as the oobvious differences
between wealthy communities from deprived
people. Berlakunya ketidakadilandengan wujudnya jurang perbezaan yang begituketara antara golongan kaya dengan miskin.
b.Depression and abundance of human rights.Berleluasanya penindasan dan kezalimansehingga persoalan hak-hak kemanusiaan
diketepikan sama sekali.
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c) Moral decay prevails among society especially their
leaders. Keruntuhan moraldan nilaidalam masyarakat terutama di kalanganpemimpin. Musnahnya penghayatan terhadap budi pekerti yang murni dan mulia
d) Closed/ narrow mindedness topositive improvement or changes.Sikaptertutup - tidak menerima perubahan terutamanya dari segi perubahan teknologi atauperubahan dalam struktur politik, ekonomi dan sosial. Merencatkan daya kreativiti daninovasi sesebuah masyarakat dan seterusnya menyebabkan mereka berada dalamkeadaan yang beku atau jumud berpanjangan.
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Students Homework
1)How to develop a person to be civilized in
Individual, Family, Society and Nation scope?.
(SCL & Group Discussion).
2) Please describes the characteristics of Civilized
Personaccording to your religious belief.
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TOOLS TO BE CIVILIZED PERSON
HUMAN BEING
EXPERIENCES
ATTITUDE & ETHICS
SKILLS &
EXPERTISE
KNOWLEDGE
EXCELLENCE
IN
LIFE (World & Hereafter)
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INTELLIGENT PERSON
Human Being
Adversity
Quotient(AQ)
Emotional
Quotient (EQ)
Spiritual
Quotient (SQ)
Intelligence
Quotient (IQ)
TOWERING PERSONALITY
Sternberg (1997), Goleman (1995), Ary Ginanjar (2001), Stoltz, IQ
only constitutes 10-20% for ones success, the rest are for EQ, SQ &
AQ.
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1.9 SIMILARITIES & DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
CIVILIZATIONS
Characteristics for the similarities and
differences between civilizations couldbe seen in the context of THEOLOGY
and ETHICS.
Ciri-ciri perbezaan dan persamaan antara tamadun boleh dilihatterutamanya dalam konteks teologi dan etika.
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1.9 CIVILIZATIONAL INTERACTION
Within its cultural scope (Dalam Lingkungan
Budaya Yang Sama) Within its different cultural scope (Interaksi
Dengan Budaya Yang Berbeza)
Interaction with the dominant culture
(Interaksi Antara Peradaban Yang DominanDengan Yang Tidak Dominan)
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1.10 CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE
a) Its definition
b) How to inculcate it, especially in Malaysia?
a)Dialogue in daily life aspects
b)Dialogue in societal matters
c)Principles for the Civilizational Dialogue
d)Problems faced by the dialogue.
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CIVILIZATIONAL DIALOGUE situation
in Malaysia and the world
United Nation resolution 53/22 states that
2001 is the Civilizational Dialogue for the
world. Resolusi perhimpunan agung Bangsa Bangsa Bersatu 53/22yang telah mengisytiharkan tahun 2001 sebagai Tahun Dialog Antara
Peradaban Sedunia
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CONCLUSION
a) All etnics in Malaysia and the world should stand
on the universal values and promote them.
b) The civilizational study is a very important thing
to be highlighted in nowadays.
c) In Malaysia, civilizational dialogue is a MUST for the
continuation of Malaysian civilization. Di Malaysia dialogperadaban amat perlu sebagai wahana bagi kesinambungan tamadun Malaysia
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d) The dialogue is very important to developbasic spiritual values in sustaining the
development of the physical aspects withoutneglecting the need to develop human sincehuman is the core thing for all developments Dialog penting untuk membina tapak asas nilai spiritual yang kukuh bagimemastikan pembangunan material yang pantas dengan tidakmeminggirkan keperluan pembangunan insan yang merupakan tujuanakhir segala pembangunan material-fizikal tersebut
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Civilization is the achievement and development in the aspects of the
thought, intellect, ethics and behaviours that constitutes human
personality. Tamadun adalah pencapaian, perkembangan/ pembangunan dalam aspekpemikiran, intelek, etika, dan ikap yang membentuk jati diri manusia.
IN SHORT
Aspects:
- Perception
- Behaviours i.e.
Good moral
behaviours
akhlak.
Fields:-Politic
-Economy
-Social
-Science &
Tecnology
-etc
Objective:
Towering
personalities
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Any Reminder / Debriefing
about the topic in Topic 1
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THANK YOUTERIMA KASIH