Introduction to Arts Film and Film Studies. “Is Film an Art?” “Is film an art?” - a...
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Transcript of Introduction to Arts Film and Film Studies. “Is Film an Art?” “Is film an art?” - a...
“Is Film an Art?”
• “Is film an art?” - a frequently asked question
Reasons• Film started as a mechanical recording of reality.
Technological rather than aesthetic and artistic.
“Is Film an Art?”• Films - a form of mass
entertainment. Sensational, vulgar, commercial, tasteless, plebeian …
• A new conception of art which is free from class and cultural binds
• The scope of art widens • Changes in attitudes over
the time• Art is no longer Art with the
capital A.
“Is Film an Art?”
• Transformation of attitudes towards arts• Art does not have to be aesthetic (beautiful).• Bernini’s Trevi Fountains sculpture and Marcel
Duchamp’s Fountain
“Is Film an Art?”
• Technology itself can be a medium of art• Claude’ landscape painting with temples• Vladimir Tatlin’s Monument to the Third
International
“Is Film an Art?”
• Constructivism (Russia) – an artistic and architectural philosophy in which industrial and practical products are considered as works of art.
• Influenced Bauhaus (Germany) and De Stijl (Holland)
“Is Film an Art?”
• Mechanical representation can be art• Photography• James Abbott’s Mrs. McNeil Whistler and Robert
Mapple Thorpe’s Portrait
“Is Film an Art?”
• Art does not have to be precious and aristocratic.• Materials of art• Gold mosaics (St. Theodora in Ravenna) and
Robert Rauschenberg’s Monogram
“Is Film an Art?”
• Artistic subject or motif does not have to be noble or aristocratic.
• Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I (anonymous) and Andy Warhol’s images of Marilyn Monroe
“Is Film an Art?”
• Art can rely on popular cultural form;
art can be pop• John Everett Millet’s Ophelia and Roy
Lichtenstein’s pop art (comic strips)
Film as Total Art• Every artistic medium and every artistic form
found in film • Literature: verbal – fiction - narrative• Fine art: visual - painting, sculpture,
photography, design – shape, image, colour • Architecture: visual - building, decoration –
design, shape, weight• Music: sound (visual) – song, instrumental,
opera, musical • Theatre (verbal, visual, sound) – performance
Film and Literature
• Every film tells a story- Film is based on a script. Some scripts are based on literary work – fiction and non-fiction.
• J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the film, Harry Potter
Film and Drawing
• Elements of fine art in film
- Production design: sets, costume, composition, visual effects
• Story boards in Alfred Hitchcock’s Birds
• Frames must be composed like a painting• In Luchino Visconti’s La terra trema each frame
is constructed like a piece of painting.• Symmetrical composition; illusion of depth,
composed of foreground, middle ground and background, and linear perspective.
Film and Painting
• In La terra trema, a young man is holding his younger brother like Madonna is carrying her young Jesus.
• Painterly composition
Film and Painting
• Sets are designed being inspired by or imitating a painting- Production design: sets, visual effects
• Building in Fritz Lang’s Metropolis modeled after Brueghel’s painting of Tower of Babel.
Film and Art Design
• Art designer (production designer) designs sets by employing visual imagination similar to painters and architect, and often creates them in collaboration with artists, engineers, carpenters and other art assistants
Film and Design
• Eiko Ishioka, designer, art director• Designs costumes and sets for various films• Best known for her costume design for Paul
Schrader’s Mishima, Bram Storker’s Dracula, The Cell and Beijing Olympic’s Opening Ceremony
Film and Design
• Sets, costumes, make-ups, wigs and props were meticulously recreated in the styles of the Risorgimento (Re-unification) period (19th C) in Luchino Visconti’s The Leopard (1963)
Film and Architecture
• Set is designed after existing architecture or originally designed.
• Mayan pyramid and the headquarter building of Tyrell Corporation in Ridley Scott’s Blader Runner
Film and Architecture
• G.W. Griffith’s spectacle, Intolerance designed by Griffith with the help of Walter L. Hall.
• Huge set of City of Babylon was created modeling after historical buildings and edifices.
Film and Architecture
• Classic, neoclassic, and neo-gothic architecture inspired Intolerance
• Il Vittoriano at Piazza Venezia in Rome
Film and Architecture
• In Kurosawa Akira’s Rashomon, the first and last scenes take place under the impressive, half-ruined gate, which is reconstructed modeling after various existing gates such as Hozomon, Kaminarimon and Ninomon of the Edo Castle.
Film and Music
• Music and sound effects became an essential part of the film since the introduction of sound in 1928
• Joseph Losey’s Don Giovanni is a film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s opera and designed by Alexandre Trauner.
Film and Music
• Musical is one of the most important film genres
• Consisted of multiple forms of arts, music, song and dance
• Stanley Donen, Singin’ in the Rain
How is cinema different from other forms of arts?
• Film is a mechanical and industrial product.
mechanical technologies - camera, light, film stock, sound recorder, film processing, editing, sound mixing, CG, projector
How is cinema different from
other forms of arts?
Recording equipment: sound recorder and microphones
How is cinema different from other forms of arts?
• François Truffaut’s Day for Night is about filmmaking Meet Pamela
How is cinema different from other forms of arts?
• industrial - production, distribution and exhibition, advertisementProduction companies, studios, distributors, and exhibitors, advertise agents - investment
How is cinema different from other forms of arts?
• Film is collaborative art • producer, director, scriptwriter,
cinematographer, production designer, set designer, costume designer, editor, music composer, recording engineer, actor
What is cinema?
• How is film different from other forms of art?• LITERATURE AND FILM• The crucially important element of both is
narrative, but film has visual images and sound.• FINE ART AND FILM• Both are visual but film can tell much more
complicated stories without relying on the knowledge of the spectator.
What is cinema?
• A painting can tell a story but not complicated one. It depends on a separate text which tells the story.
• Leonardo Davinci, The Last Supper which relies on The Old Testament
What is cinema?• Music and film share sound but the latter
combines it with visuals and words.• Drama/opera/musical are similar to film, but
the latter can tell more complicated stories more realistically.
• Film does not have to rely on words, the essence of the theatre, which is the major difference between film and the theatre.
• Film can tell stories through images and sounds.
What is cinema?
• Pure cinema (Alfred Hitchcock) – stories must be told with no or few words by using camera, editing, music and sound, which is impossible in any other medium of arts.
What is cinema?
• Fritz Lang’s M • The film is about crimes committed by a serial
child-killer. Stories are partly told through images and sounds. We do not see the killer but hears the tune he whistle and his casual conversation with a girl. M 3.00
What is cinema?
• Alfred Hitchcock’s Vertigo• A former cop who suffers from acrophobia cannot
save a woman from committing suicide. Vertigo prevents him to climb up the stairs fast enough.
What is cinema?• Nearly 30 minutes
robbery sequence is told only through sounds and images without words.
• Sounds and images tell a lot about actions.
• Suspense created better without words
• Jean-Pierre Le Cercle rouge(1970)
What is cinema?
• Louis Malle’s Ascenseur pour l’echafaud
• Thriller about a married woman and her lover who almost succeed in getting rid of her husband in a supposedly perfect crime, but he commits a vital mistake.
• A story is told through images and sound.
What is cinema?
• What is cinema good at• Cinema can tell stories through not one medium -
words, images, sounds, but all these media.
What is cinema?
• What disadvantages does cinema has?• Those media must be skillfully combined.
Special talents excelling in more than one areas and controlling every aspect and stage of filmmaking are required . The importance of film director.
What is cinema?• Cinema as investment and commodity.• Cost - Return• Entertainment, commercial values required.• Is cinema a commercial product or art?• Three kinds:
1. Commercial products - Hollywood and large commercial production companies2. Artistic products - works of independent producers and directors, works made with public support3. Both
What is film studies?
• What film studies does.• Analysis of artistic elements involved - narrative,
visual, plastic, and sound element (literary, visual art, sculptural, architectural, and musical element)
• Analysis of industrial and commercial aspects.• Explore what a film shows - its theme, motif, and
background• Explore how that is shown - narrative, visual,
sound and other technique
What is film studies?• Analysis of technique:• Narrative technique - how to tell a story• Sound technique• - sound editing and mixing• Visual technique
- camera (choice of lens, filter and camera, positioning, movement, angle), lighting, colour arrangement- design (set, prop, costume)- performance - editing