Zubayer Al Billal KhanResearch Consultant

CPSD IT limited

Zubayer_007@yahoo.comwww.zubayer.name

Introduction to...

Arduino & Robotics

Contents: Introduction on Arduino1. What is Micro-Controller?2. What is Arduino? 3. Types of Arduino.4. Arduino UNO board.5. Sensors:.6. What is “Function”?7. Control statements [if, if… else, switch case.].8. Loop statements[while, for, do… while.].9. Common functions. Workshop on robotics

Introduction

Design, organize, and collaborate

Famous microcontroller

manufacturers are MicroChip,

Atmel, Intel, Analog devices, and

more.[list]

It is a micro-computer. As any

computer it has internal CPU, RAM,

IOs interface.

It is used for control purposes, and

for data analysis.

Micro-Controller:

Ard

uin

o.

What is Arduino?A microcontroller board, contains on-board power supply, USB port to communicate with PC, and an Atmel microcontroller chip.It simplify the process of creating any control system by providing the standard board that can be programmed and connected to the system without the need to any sophisticated PCB design and implementation.It is an open source hardware, any one can get the details of its design and modify it or make his own one himself.

Arduino boards:

UNO Mega LilyPad

Arduino BT Arduino Nano Arduino Mini

Arduino UNO:

Digital output~: PWM.0,1: Serial port.

In circuit Serial programming

Atmel MicroController

Analog input.Power Supply

USB port

Power input

Dig

ital

an

d a

nal

og.

Digital or Analog?All physical quantities are analog.Analog means that the quantity can take any value between its minimum value and maximum value.Digital means that the quantity can take specific levels of values with specific offset between each other.

Ex: 1- Digital: English alpha consists of 26 letter, there is no letter between Aand B.- Square waves are Digital.Ex.: 2- Analog: Temperature, can take any value[-1,12.8,25.002,… etc.].- Sine waves are analog.

Sen

sors

Sensors:A device that transforms the physical quantity into electrical value.Ex.: Light sensor transduce the light into change in voltage or resistance.

Sen

sors

Light sensors:- Photo-Resistor [photo-cell].- Photo-Diode.- Photo-Transistor.

Sen

sors

Photo Resistor:- The value of the resistance depends on

the incident light density.- 1 K-Ohm at light, 10 K-Ohm at

darkness.

Photo Diode:- The current is controlled by the incident light density.

Photo Transistor:- Base-emitter junction is controlled

by the incident light density, has an amplification effect.

Arduino Coding.

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Integer: used with integer variables with value between 2147483647 and -2147483647.Ex: int x=1200;Character: used with single character, represent value from -127 to 128.Ex. char c=‘r’;Long: Long variables are extended size variables for number storage, and store 32 bits (4 bytes), from -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647.Ex. long u=199203;Floating-point numbers can be as large as 3.4028235E+38 and as low as -3.4028235E+38. They are stored as 32 bits (4 bytes) of information.Ex. float num=1.291; [The same as double type]

Data Types and operators

You may need to know about these typed: Array, Boolean, byte, etc. here.

Statement represents a command, it ends with ;Ex:int x;x=13;Operators are symbols that used to indicate a specific function: - Math operators: [+,-,*,/,%,^]- Logic operators: [==, !=, &&, ||]- Comparison operators: [==, >, <, !=, <=, >=]Syntax: ; Semicolon, {} curly braces, //single line comment, /*Multi-line comments*/

Statement and operators:

Compound Operators: ++ (increment)-- (decrement)+= (compound addition)-= (compound subtraction)*= (compound multiplication)/= (compound division)

Statement and operators:

If Conditioning: if(condition){statements-1;…Statement-N;}else if(condition2){Statements;}Else{statements;}

Control statements:

Switch case: switch (var) {

case 1://do something when var equals 1break;

case 2://do something when var equals 2break;

default: // if nothing else matches, do the default// default is optional

}

Control statements:

Do… while:do{Statements;}while(condition); // the statements are run at least once.

While: While(condition){statements;}forfor (int i=0; i <= val; i++){

statements;}

Loop statements:

Use break statement to stop the loop whenever needed.

Void setup(){}Used to indicate the initial values of system on starting.Void loop(){}Contains the statements that will run whenever the system is powered after setup.

Code structure:

Led blinking example:Used functions: pinMode();digitalRead();digitalWrite();delay(time_ms);other functions: analogRead();analogWrite();//PWM.

Input and output:

You can download the Arduino IDE

(The program used to write code and

uploading it to arduino boards) from:

http://arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Arduino IDE:

Here you can learn how to program Arduino and what each code

means and do, from here:

http://arduino.cc/en/Reference/HomePage

Arduino Reference:

Robotics

DEFINATION

9 August 2017Seminar on Robotics & Embeded system

Robotics is the branch of technology that deals

with the design, construction, operation, and

application of robots .

The word ROBOTICS is used to collectively

define a field in engineering that covers the

mimicking of various Human characteristics.

It is the application of electronics, mechanical,

electrical and computer engineering.

Laws of Robotics

Isaac Asimov proposed three “Laws of Robotics” and later added the “ zeroth law ”.

Law 0: A robot may not injure humanity or through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.

Law 1: A robot may not injure a human being or through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher order law.

Law 2: A robot must obey orders given to it by human beings, except where such orders would conflict with a higher order law.

Law 3: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher order law.

Uses of Robotics:

Agriculture

Automobile

Construction

Entertainment

Health care

Household purposes

Laboratories:

Law en forcement : surveillance, air port Security, spying, etc.

Manufacturing

Military: demining, surveillance, attack, etc.

Mining, excavation and exploration

Transportation: air, ground, rail, space, etc.

Utilities: gas, water and electricity

Warehouses

Robotic Industry – Now A Days

1. Aurotek Corp.2. Axium Inc.3. Daihen Corp.4. Denso Wave Inc.5. Ellison Technologies Inc.6. Kawasaki Robotics Inc.7. Kuka AG8. Mitsubishi Electric Corp.9. Nachi Fujikoshi Corp.10.Pari Robotics11.Reis Robotics

12.Rockwell Automation Inc.13.Schunk GmbH14.Staubli International AG15.TM Robotics16.Yamaha Robotics17.Honda 18.IRobot

World top Robotic Industry

Components of ROBOTS

Power Supply

Sensors

Controller

Effectors

Actuators

POWER SUPPLY

Suitable power supply is needed to run the motors and associated circuitry.

Typical power requirement ranges from 3V to 24V DC.

Power supply must be adjusted as per the ratings of the components.

Power supply must be regulated using voltage regulator and current regulator ICs.

POWER SUPPLY

Rechargeable 12V Battery LM317 Current Regulator IC with Heat Sink

LM7805 Voltage Regulator IC

EFFECTORS

Effectors are the parts of a Robot which execute the certain task.

Effectors pick up or modify objects or somehow cause an effect to the environment.

Examples: Mechanical grippers, Vacuum Grippers, Wheels, etc.

ACTUATORS

Actuator is the actual mechanism that enables the effectors to execute an action.Actuators typically include electric motors, hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders, gears, etc.

Gears

Pneumatic Cylinder

Pneumatic Motor

• DC Motors

o As the name suggests, a motor which uses a DC (Direct Current) power

o Can run in both directions

o Speed Controllable

• Stepper Motors

o Used for measured rotation

o Can be held at a particular position of the shaft

o Ideal for many autonomous robots requiring higher precision

Servo Motors :

o Used in closed loop control systems in which work is the control variable.

o An integral feedback device (resolver) or devices (encoder and tachometer) are either incorporated within the servo motor or are remotely mounted, often on the load itself

Physical Property Technology

Contact Bump, SwitchDistance Ultrasound, Radar, Infra RedLight Level Photo Cells, Cameras, LDRsSound Level MicrophonesStrain Strain GaugesRotation EncodersMagnetism CompassesSmell ChemicalsTemperature Thermistors, Infra RedInclination Inclinometers, GyroscopePressure Pressure GaugesAltitude Altimeters

SENSORS

CONTROLLER

Controller provides the necessary intelligence to control the action of the robot. It receives the information from the sensors and activates the actuators to perform the task. It comprises complex electronics circuit. Micro Controllers are used in Automatic Robots whereas different electronic switching components are used in Manual Robots. The set of instructions is written in High Level Language, compiled and converted into Machine Code(HEX code) and burnt in the Micro Controller with the help of Computer Software .

CONTROLLER

The Scope Of Robotic Industry In Bangladesh

Resource link:

• EMK Makerlab Community:https://www.facebook.com/groups/emkmakerlab/

• Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/user/imagineeringstudiobd

• Project links:https://www.hackster.io/Zubayer

VLSI EGY- I.GEEK – S3GeeksThanks for coming