Introduction to AP Human Geography –Day 2: Thematic Maps ...€¦ · Geocaching + Pokemon Go...
Transcript of Introduction to AP Human Geography –Day 2: Thematic Maps ...€¦ · Geocaching + Pokemon Go...
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Introduction to AP Human Geography – Day 2: Thematic Maps, 5 Themes
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Map legend/key
• For analysis purposes special attention MUSTbe placed on the map index or legendIdentifies:• scale• symbols• color coding
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Type? Identifying Features? Purpose?
• Graduated symbol map
• Symbols of diff sizes = diff amnts of something
• Larger sz = more(single men or single women)
• Easy to see where the largest + smallest of some phenomena are by comparing the symbols
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Graduated Symbol Map
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Thematic Types of Maps: choropleth
• unit is assigned color• best = use shades of same color• darker = greater occurrence of
the phenomenon being analyzed• strength
• shows dominance of a trait• weakness
• level of aggregation/generalization must be considered.
• could give false conclusion • must compare “apples to apples”
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Thematic Maps: dot density maps• dots indicate # of
occurrences (crime, cholera) in a given area. • 1 dot = some quantity of data
• Jon Snow’s cholera map • London, 1854. Traced cholera
outbreak to water pump, link deaths to water.
• Dot map w/ layers of quantitative data.
• “Collected the dots” - Where pumps were, where deaths occurred, exceptions
• early ex. of spatial analysis + use of GIS – (geographic information)
• can be described using the 3 properties of a distribution
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Steven Johnson Ghost Map Video (cholera)
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Thematic Types of Maps: isoline
• similar data is connected by lines • always used for
elevation • ex: barometric
pressure on weather maps
• Data bands assigned colors = isopleth
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“isoline”
“isopleth”
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Thematic Types of Maps: flow line maps
Shows movement of people, information, and goods between places
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Types of Maps: Topographic
Reflects the Earth’s physical features(terrain, elevation)
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Graphs in the form of “maps”: Cartograms
• Distorts size of a map units to allow comparison of data.• more of a “graph” concept than a map = graph in map form
More of a 50/50 election
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2008 Election Results
Land doesn’t vote; people vote.
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• A cartogram of world population by country shows a very large China and India, but you can hardly see Canada + Australia.
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Five Themes of Geography
•Location•Place•Region•Interaction•Movement
• Where? (most basic question)
• How can this location be described?
• With what other locations does this place share certain characteristics?
• How have humans and the environment affected each other in this location?
• How has this location been affected by the flow of people, goods and ideas?
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Five Themes of Geography mnemonic
•Movement•Region•Location•Interaction•Place
= “Mr. Lip”
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2 ways to describe location:
Absolute or “Exact” Location:• Fixed point on
earth’s surface. • Using latitude +
longitude• Another type = street
address, “townships”
Relative Location:•Where something is, in reference to something else. •Can hint @ importance of a place.•Ex. “IL is south of WI; San Francisco is 350 miles north of L.A.; Jupiter, FL is north of West Palm Beach.”
Location: Where (most important theme)
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In notebook, answer questions:
• What is the absolute location of Lane Tech?• What is Lane Tech’s relative location?
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Land Ordinance of 1785
• Div. U.S. into “townships” + ranges - made land sales in NW Territory easier (IL, IN, MI, OH, WI)• “squares” to be sold
• Township = 36 sq miles. (6x6)• Each township divided up into
sections – further divided & sold.• Each township has # corresponding to
a distance + a range corresponding to its location east or west of a principal meridian.
• Important to understanding location of objects in US: • highways across midwest, farm field in
Iowa, streets in Chicago
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Location Tools
• GPS (Global Positioning System)• Connects to satellites to tell
you exactly where you are on earth (absolute location, direction, velocity)
• Just a navigation tool; doesn’t make customizable maps – just tells you where you are.
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Location Tools (continued)
• GIS (geographic info. system)• Storage/analysis of data in
layers• Software tool combines multiple
sources of info to create layers of customizable electronic maps(traffic, weather, topography, food, crime, real estate)
• Ghost map/John Snow: (1) map of water pumps, (2) map of deaths, (3) map of exceptions
• Remote sensing• Collects detailed data about
Earth’s surface from satellite orbiting planet “remotely” or from other long distance methods.
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GIS example
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Geocaching + Pokemon Go• Pokemon Go uses GPS
navigation, GIS data, + smart phone tech to collect digital creatures as you physically move around. Game keeps track of your absolute location.
is a type of global treasure hunt based on GPS coordinates.• People look for “caches” or
hidden objects (foreign currency, keychains, etc) using coordinates. Clues are placed on Internet by other geocachers.
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Video: What is GIS?
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Video: How GIS Works
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Video: “What is Remote Sensing?”