Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy

Introduction to

Airborne Wind EnergyEnergía Eólica Aerotransportada

Webinar Spain, 14 April 2021

Kristian Petrick, Airborne Wind Europe

Gonzalo Sánchez-Arriaga, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

www.airbornewindeurope.org 2

Content

§ Airborne Wind Energy – principle and concepts

§ Advantages

§ Markets

§ Current State of the AWE Industry

§ Opportunities for AWE in Spain

Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy


Concepts: Soft, semi-rigid and rigid wings; ground-gen vs. fly-gen

Airborne Wind Energy (AWE)


Two main generation principles for cross-wind AWE systems

Airborne Wind Energy (AWE)

Winch

Generator

Tether

Kite

Ground-gen (or yo-yo principle)With reel-out and retraction phase

Fly-genOn-board generation and

power evacuation through the tether


The general idea: Emulating the movement of a blade tip but at higher altitudes

AWE principle

Source: Erc Highwind https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UmN3MiR65E Makani Video: Skysails SkySails Power: Operation of Airborne Wind Energy System - YouTube


Content


§ Advantages

§ Markets


§ pportunities for AWE in Spain



Lower material costs – a large share of a conventional turbine‘s cost structure is for

tower, blades and foundation

Tower 16%

Rotor Hub 3%

Blades 15%

Foundation 16%Gearbox 7%

Generator 3%

Electrics 6%

0%

Other Turbine

Components 14%

Planning &

Misc. 9%

Grid Connection 11%

Source: IRENA

AWE advantages

Percentage

of CAPEX

AWE systems requi

about 90% less materi

than conventional win

turbines.

“AWE is substituting

hardware with software”.


Less material (lower carbon footprint), more compact, lower visual impact

AWE advantages

Size comparison of different 100 kW systems

Source: TwingTec


More available wind resources (example: Europe)

AWE Advantages

100 m 500 m

Source: Bechtle et. al., wind data: ERA5 Light green means excellent conditions


More full load hours, more constant electricity production, less intermittency, better

system integration

AWE Advantages

Graph: Enerkite

Kite

Higher capacity factor (60%-80% or beyond) compared to conventional wind

(30-60%) and solar (15-25%)


Airborne Wind Energy is a promising technology with a large potential

§ Less material: small carbon footprint, low visual impact, less use of resources

§ Additional wind resources: increasing global renewable energy potential

§ High capacity factor: more constant electricity production for system integration

§ Low LCOE: potential for lower cost of energy produced

§ Flexibility: easier logistics, quick set-up

§ Scalability: from few kW to several MW

§ New markets: Repowering, floating offshore, off-grid

Advantages


Content


§ Advantages

§ Markets





On- and offshore AWE applications; distributed installations and large-scale farms

Markets for AWE


“Spill-over effect” to applications in maritime transport sector

Markets for AWE

Source: Skysails

AWE knowledge can help

decarbonising maritime

shipping


Repowering of existing off-shore sites

Markets for AWE

Source: Ampyx Pow


Deep offshore – only small platform required

Markets for AWE

Source: Makani

Avoiding fixed bottom structures reduces

environmental impact on seabed flora and

maritime fauna (e.g. whales).


Remote, island and niche markets

Markets for AWE

Source: Skysails


Content


§ Advantages

§ Markets





AWE is a global technology

Current State of the AWE Industry

Source: TU Del


Airborne Wind Europe – members and collaboration

AWE sector

Planned

collaboration:

Member of:

Airborne Wind Europe

Task Proposal to be decided in 4/2021


Most AWE companies face “Valley of Death”: Still high risk and high funding needs

(especially public funding)


Valley of Death

Science or industry

led

Basic R&D

Research Centers

Applied R&D,

Prototype

Part-scale Full-

scale

Demonstration

Dominant design

Commercial

viability

Fully-commercial

Deployment

Perceived / real risk

Maturity

public

private

Funding needs




Source: E.ON AWEC 2017


Public and private stakeholders involved in airborne wind energy (selection)

AWE sector


Total funding in AWE until Nov 2020

§ EU funding (FP7 & H2020): 19.69 mEUR

§ EU national/regional financing: 28.50 mEUR

§ US funding (SBIR, NFS, ARPAE, …) 12.49 mUSD

§ These amounts do not include:

§ the required co-financing which often is up to 30%, sometimes even 50%

§ institutional funding (e.g. internally funded PhD positions or project teams at companies like RWE, EON, Saipem,

Engie, ...)

§ private funding, which is likely to be larger than above numbers considering the number of companies in the field

and employees under payroll.

§ Spanish organisations have not applied for EU funding for AWE R&D yet.

AWE Sector


Content


§ Advantages

§ Markets





AWE aumenta significativamente el potencial de recursos eólicos en España, tanto

onshore como offshore

AWE en España

https://globalwindatlas.info/

100 m altitud 200 m altitud


Ya hoy en día AWE es competitivo en islas – potencial para Canarias y Baleares

ps://energialaspalmasgc.es/informacion-energetica-canarias/

AWE en España

https://www.skysails-group.com/index.html?artikel=Kite-Power-For-Mauritius


Es necesaria una tarifa especial para AWE en España

§ Hasta ahora, la legislación y las normativas españolas no contemplan AWE.

§ No es realista que AWE pueda ampliarse en mercados energéticos altamente competitivos y regulados sin

apoyo financiero público.

§ La tecnología AWE está resultando interesante para los productores de energía y los promotores de

proyectos.

§ Se puede adquirir experiencia en España en lugar de en nichos de mercado lejanos con una logística y una

financiación difíciles.

AWE en España


Con apoyo político, la tecnología AWE puede desplegar su gran potencial

Conclusión


Thank you for your attention!

Contact

Kristian PetrickPolicy and Regulation

+34 637 710 451

kristian. [email protected]

Udo ZillmannSecretary General

+49 173 7141203

[email protected]

Airborne Wind EuropeAvenue de la Renaissance 1

1000 Brussels, Belgium

[email protected]

www.airbornewindeurope.org

Stefanie ThomsMembership, Network, General Inquiries

+49 173 6027136

[email protected]

Estado Actual y Oportunidades para Airborne Wind Energy en España

Gonzalo Sánchez-Arriaga*

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

[email protected]

*Presentación preparada con información recibida del Trineo del Viento y someAWE

mailto:[email protected]

Índice

1] Proyectos activos relacionados con AWE en España

1.1] El Trineo del Viento.

1.2] Máquina rotatoria (someAwe S.L.)

1.3] Actividades en la UC3M

2] Posibilidades de desarrollo en España.

Ignacio OficialdeguiWINSLED Technical Director

AWEC 2021

WINDSLED: Alternative model to conventional logistics in Polar

Regions based on AWE

3

ANTÁRCTICA: EXPLORACIÓN DE UN CONTINENTE SIN VIDA EN LA TIERRA 4WINDSLED: WINDSLED: Alternative model to conventional logist ics in Polar Regions based on AWE4

25.000km carrying up to 2,2Tons of weight

ANTÁRCTICA: EXPLORACIÓN DE UN CONTINENTE SIN VIDA EN LA TIERRA 5WINDSLED: Alternative model to conventional logist ics in Polar Regions based on AWE

5

Más información en https://greenland.net/windsled/

https://greenland.net/windsled/

someAWE labs S.L. Alicante, Spain

Some Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) laboratory focused on R&D of

rotational AWE systems

In cooperation with:

• University of Strathclyde [1]

• University of Freiburg [2]

• Universidad Carlos III de Madrid [3]

[1] C. Beaupoil, Practical experiences with a torsion based rigid blade rotary airborne wind energy system with ground based power generation, in 8th international Airborne Wind Energy

Conference (AWEC2019), R. Schmehl and O. Tulloch, Eds. Delft University of Technology and University of Strathclyde, 2019

[2] Rotation compensator based cyclic pitch control for Rotary Airborne Wind Energy Systems, C. Beaupoil, D. Unterweger, someAWE Labs S.L., University of Freiburg

[3] A Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Rotary Airborne Wind Energy Machines WESC2021 Alvaro Cerrillo-Vacas, Christof Beaupoil and Gonzalo Sánchez Arriaga

Contact: Dipl.-ing Christof Beaupoil [email protected] someAWE.org


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Hfj7L7d_w&t=236s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8Hfj7L7d_w&t=236s

Hoja de ruta de la UC3M1 en AWE

1Actividades llevadas a cabo en colaboración con personal del INTA

Banco de ensayos en vuelo

Ver videos en: https://aero.uc3m.es/WindKites.html

https://aero.uc3m.es/WindKites.html

Sistema de control

Ver videos en: https://aero.uc3m.es/WindKites.html


Dinámica y control Aerodinámica Numérica

Ver animaciones en: https://aero.uc3m.es/WindKites.html


Posibilidades de desarrollo en España

1] Aun estando por detrás de países comoHolanda, Alemania, Suiza, e Italia, España tiene3 actividades singulares y con gran potencial.

2] Colaboración estable universidad-industriaen AWE -> desarrollo en corto tiempo de unprototipo de máquina de generación en tierra.

3] Margen amplio de mejora en el retorno delos fondos europeos a España.

4] Experiencia de otros países: creación de 23empresas, 14 proveedores, creación de puestosde trabajo altamente cualificados y sinergíascon el sector aeroespacial, energía, etc.

Origen Cantidad

FP7/H2020 19.69 M€National/Regional 28.5 M€U.S. (SBIR, NFS, ARPAE) 12.49 M$

Estimación de financiación públicarecibida por tecnologías AWE.Fuente Prof. R. Schmehl

Gracias por su atención

Prof. G. Sánchez-Arriaga

Universidad Carlos III de Madrid

Email: [email protected]



Introduction to Airborne Wind Energy

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