Introduction to Aerosol Propellants
Transcript of Introduction to Aerosol Propellants
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An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
Diversified CPC International, Inc.
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Aerosol Product System
(Slides in this section courtesy of DuPont)
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Aerosol Product System
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Basic Propellant Properties
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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Basic Propellant Properties
• Pressurize the aerosol package
• Influence the form in which the product is discharged:
• Foam• Stream• Spray
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Propellants also can act as:
• Solvent• Diluent• Viscosity Modifier• Freezant• Refrigerant Refill Liquid
• Electronic Duster• Alarm Agent (boat
horn)• Specialty Degreaser
Basic Propellant Properties
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Properties Conferred to Aerosol Products by Propellants:• Pressure is created. Normal range is 0.7 to 9.8 bars @
21.1°C (10 to 142 psig @ 70°F)• Atomization can be produced. Droplet sizes range from
below 1 µm to 125 µm (and higher to include streaming aerosols)
• Improvement in performance. Aerosol insecticides have been reported to be more effective than equivalent pump sprays.
• Flammability is generally increased (except 134a)
Basic Propellant Properties
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Properties Conferred to Aerosol Products by Propellants:
• Adjustment of Foam Density: Increasing propellant concentration generally produces lower density foams in the case of mousses, shaving creams, etc.
• Adjustment of Foam Stability: By adjusting the propellant and solvent used, quick breaking foams can be produced, or foams can be created that remain visually unchanged for days.
Basic Propellant Properties
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To produce a spray, the propellant must have sufficient dispersive energy to overcome the surface tension of the liquid mixture, plus the cohesive and adhesive forces.
Dispersive Energy of a Propellant is generally related to:
• Pressure• Molecular weight (lower MW propellants generally
exhibit better dispersancy, with exceptions due to interactions of the propellant/solvent system.)
Basic Propellant Properties
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Nitrogen gas: Virtually no solubility in liquids
• Will produce only a liquid stream – water/saline solution for rinsing hydrophilic
contact lenses– petroleum distillates (wasp & hornet killers)
• The liquid stream produced by N2, CAIR and similar compressed gases can be converted to coarse sprays by outfitting the valve with a mechanical breakup actuator
Basic Propellant Properties
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2) dissolves up to about2.6 - 2.9% in petroleum distillates
• Can produce a medium to coarse spray which gets more coarse as the molecular weight of the base product increases.
Basic Propellant Properties
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It may be advantageous to use as little propellant as possible to allow the inclusion of a maximum amount of the product. This may not always be practical:
• A larger amount of lower pressure propellant will often give a smoother, less “blasty” spray
• This also allows for the use of valves with a larger orifice - which can be important to help eliminate clogging by powder-containing formulas
Basic Propellant Properties
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• Provides more reserve propellant for vapor-tap aerosols and allows for possible product misuse, such as inverting the container.
• Reduces viscosity of the formulation and in some cases reduces or eliminates unwanted foaming tendencies.
• Organic Solvents will exert a pressure-reducing effect on the propellant, possibly necessitating a higher pressure propellant or else a higher concentration of propellant in the formula
Basic Propellant Properties
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Aerosol Product Formulation Considerations
• Vapor Pressure
• Spray Characteristics
• Solubility
• Flammability
• Corrosion
Basic Propellant Properties
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Three Categories of Aerosol Propellants
Basic Propellant Properties
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Categories of Aerosol Propellants
• Compressed Gases
• Soluble Gases
• Liquefied Gases
Basic Propellant Properties
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Compressed and Soluble Gas Propellants
Basic Propellant Properties
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Compressed and Soluble Gases
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Liquefied Gas Propellants
Basic Propellant Properties
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Customer Needs and
Reformulations
DME
152a
134a
Hydrocarbons
Liquefied Gas Propellants
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General Liquefied Gas Propellant Comparisons
Hydrocarbons DME HFCs
Flammability Flammable Flammable 152a is Flammable
134a is Non-Flammable
Toxicity Low (OK for Low Low
Food Products)
Solvency Poor Good Poor
Density Low Low Intermediate
Solubility Low High Low
In Water
Environmental VOC VOC GWP
(134a only)
Cost LOW LOW HIGH
Liquefied Gas Propellants
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VAPOR DENSITIESof Liquefied Gas Aerosol Propellants (@70 °F)
Liquefied Gas Propellant
V a p o r (lb/ cu.ft)
L i q u i d (lb/ cu.ft)
Vapor/Liquid Ratio
Vapor/Air Ratio
Propane Isobutane N-butane
0.116 0.154 0.155
28.41 32.36 33.44
245 210 216
1.55 2.05 2.07
DME Dymel 152a 134a
0.119 0.171 0.264
41.18 56.78 76.26
346 332 289
1.59 2.28 3.52
Air @ 70F 0.075 N / A N / A 1.00
Liquefied gas propellants expand substantially from a liquid to a gas when released to the atmosphere. Vapors are heavier than air.
Liquefied Gas Propellants
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Properties of DME and HFC Propellants
DME HFC-152a HFC-134a
Chemical Formula CH3OCH3 CH3CHF2 CF3CH2F
Molecular weight 46.1 66.0 102.0
Boiling point (°F) -13.0 -13.0 -15.7
Vapor Pressure 63.0 63.0 71.0@70°F (psig)
Liquid Density 0.66 0.91 1.21@ 70°F (g/cc)
Flammability LEL 3.3 3.9 n/ain air UEL 18.0 16.9 n/a
Flash Point (°F) -42.0 -58.0 none
Kauri-Butanol value 60 11 10
Solubility in Water 35.0 1.7 1.0(wt.% @ 70°F,autogeneous pressure)
Liquefied Gas Propellants
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Propellant BlendsVapor Pressure
HIGH LOW
MEDIUM
Shave CreamGels and Mousse
Oven CleanerPerfume
Hard Surface CleanersFurniture Polish
Deodorant Sprays
Air FreshenersAutomotive productsFlying Insect Spray
Spray Paint
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Hydrocarbon Propellants
Basic Propellant Properties
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Hydrocarbon PropellantsOrganic Compounds
Derived from Natural Gas Liquids(liquefied under pressure)
CH4 MethaneC2H6 EthaneC3H8 PropaneC4H10 ButanesC5H12 Pentanes
Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Properties of the Hydrocarbons
Propane I-Butane N-Butane I-Pentane N-Pentane
Chemical Formula C3H8 C4H10 C4H10 C5H12 C5H12
Molecular weight 44.1 58.1 58.1 72.2 72.2
Boiling point (°F) -43.7 10.9 31.1 82 97
Vapor Pressure 109.3 31.1 16.9 -3.1 -6.2
@70°F (psig)
Liquid Density 0.51 0.56 0.58 0.62 0.63
@ 70°F (g/cc)
Flammability in air
LEL 2.2 1.8 1.9 1.4 1.5
UEL 9.5 8.4 8.5 7.6 7.8
Flash Point (°F) -156 -117 -101 -60 -40
Kauri-Butanol value 15 18 20 n/a n/a
Solubility in Water 0.007 0.008 0.008 ---- ----
(wt.% @ 70°F,
autogeneous pressure)
Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Standard Hydrocarbon Propellant Blends
Hydrocarbon Propellants
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a
a
Standard Hydrocarbon Blends
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Diversified CPC InternationalThree Major Types
ANIP
NP
PropaneIsobutanen-Butane
Propanen-butane
PropaneIsobutanen-Butane
Standard Hydrocarbon Blends
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Typical Hydrocarbon Blends
• A-46 (15.2% Propane / 84.8% Isobutane)
• NP-46 (25.9% Propane / 74.1% N-butane)
• NIP-46 (21.9% Propane / 31.3% Isobutane / 46.8% N-Butane)
Standard Hydrocarbon Blends
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Typical Hydrocarbon Blends
• A-31• NP-31• NIP-31
• A-46• NP-46• NIP-46
• A-70• NP-70• NIP-70
• A-85• NP-85• A-108
Standard Hydrocarbon Blends
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Processing
Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
1 - Fractionation of Selected Feedstocks
2 - Hydrogenation and Stabilization
• Conversion of Unsaturated hydrocarbons
• Elimination of trace alcohol or peroxide compounds
3 - Catalytic Desulfurization
4 - Dehydration and Sweetening
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Processing of Hydrocarbon Propellants
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Propellant Cost
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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Cost Comparison
DME2x
Hydrocarbons1x
152a4x
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Cost Comparison
DME2x
Hydrocarbons1x
152a4x
134a5 - 7x
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Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Aerosol Propellants
• Low Relative Cost
• Stability and Purity
• Low Odor
• Range of Boiling Points
• Wide Range of Vapor Pressures
• Low Toxicity
• Versatility and Efficiency
• Natural Compounds
• Flammability
• Environmental (VOC)
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Flammability, the principal disadvantage, is controllable
Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Aerosol Propellants
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V O C Issues
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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Low VOC Propellant Options
Adjust PressureNon VOC Propellants
Low VOC Blends152a134a
DME - Water BasedDME/HC/Water
HFC/Hydrocarbon
Use higher vapor pressure hydrocarbon propellant and reduce fill volume
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VOC Reduction Strategies
• Add more non-VOC concentrate
• Add more water
• Replace VOC Solvent with non-VOC solvent
• Formulate with a higher vapor pressure propellant and use less gas in the can
• Replace VOC Propellant
• Formulate based on relative reactivity
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Low VOC (Liquefied Gas) Propellant Alternatives
• Aqueous Aerosols– DME– DME/Hydrocarbon– Dymel 152a– Dymel
152a/Hydrocarbon– Dymel 152a/DME
• Anhydrous Aerosols– Dymel 152a– Dymel
152a/Hydrocarbon
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Custom Blends
134a/DME
134a/A31
A31/IsoPentane
A80/DME
152a/A31
152a/A31/DME
IsoPentane152a/A17
134a/A17A17/DME
Pentane/DME
A31/N-Pentane
A17/N-Pentane
152a/A46
152a/A17/DME
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• Approximately 30 basic hydrocarbon propellant blends prior to VOC Issue
• Over 250 custom binary (2-part) and ternary (3-part) blends today to meet low VOC demands 0
50
100
150
200
250
Pre-1991
1991 andAfter
Expanding Complexity
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1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Low VOC Propellant Shipments
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US EPA Supports Hydrocarbon Propellants
“Hydrocarbons are acceptable substitutes as propellants in the aerosol sector. Hydrocarbons have several environmental advantages over other substitutes. For example, they have zero ozone depletion potential, and because of their extremely short atmospheric residence times, they are estimated to have insignificant impact on global warming. Yet their reactivity contributes to formation of tropospheric ozone. The Agency has assessed this effect, however, and found that the increase in volatile organic compound emissions (VOCs) from these substitutes will have no significant effect on tropospheric ozone formation.”
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Unfortunately, the US EPA forgot to tell California!
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PhotochemicalReactivity Concepts
• Reactivity - Measure of a VOC’s potential to react in the atmosphere and lead to the formation of ozone
• Use of “lower reactive” VOCs may provide means for ozone reduction benefit where mass-based VOC reductions alone are not sufficient for attainment or feasible
• Flexible approach that gives manufacturers more reformulation options
Maximum Incremental Reactivity Scale
• Allows comparison of VOC reactivities• Basis for scale is peer-reviewed• Scientific basis sufficient to use reactivity in a
more detailed manner
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NO CFCs(CAPCO)
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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It’s OK to Spray !
a
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NO CFCs
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Transportation
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80
Delivery of Aerosol Propellants
1 - Truck Transports
2 - Railroad Tank Cars
3 - DOT Cylinders– 1# (laboratory sample)
– 20# (barbecue size)
– 100#
– 200#
– 420#
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81
Transportation- Trucks -
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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82
Transportation - Trucks
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83
Transportation - Trucks
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84
Transportation - Trucks
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85
Transportation - Trucks
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86
Transportation - Trucks
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87
Transportation - Trucks
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88
Transportation- Rail Cars -
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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89
Transportation – Rail Cars
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90
Transportation- ISO Containers -
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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91
Transportation – ISO Containers
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92
Transportation – ISO Containers
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93
Transportation – ISO Containers
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94
Transportation- Cylinders -
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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95
Transportation - Cylinders
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96
Transportation - Cylinders
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97
Liquefied Gas PropellantTank Farm Operations
* Propellant Delivery and Unloading
An Introduction toAerosol Propellants
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98
SAMPLE VALVEAND ROTOGAGE
Tank Farm Operations
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99
Tank Farm Operations
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100
Tank Farm Operations
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101
Tank Farm Operations
Flow Indicator
ESV
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102
Tank Farm Operations
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103
Tank Farm Operations
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104
Tank Farm Operations
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105
Tank Farm Operations
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106
AUX. SUCTION LINE
LIQUEFIED GASTRANSFER PUMP
PUMP DISCHARGELINE
VAPOR BALANCELINE
Tank Farm Operations
TRANSPORT TRUCK PUMP - PTO DRIVEN
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Gas Transfer Compressor
Tank Farm Operations
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Internal Safety Valve(pneumatically operated)
Tank Farm Operations
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109
SHUTOFF FORINTERNAL VALVES
Tank Farm Operations
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110
Tank Farm Operations
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111
Driver must remain with the vehicle during the entire unloading operation!
An attendant from the customer should remain close by as well to react quickly to any plant-related issues that may arise.
Tank Farm Operations
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112
Vapor
Liquid
Tank Farm Operations
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Emergency Shutoff Valve(Pneumatically Operated)
Tank Farm Operations
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114 FISHER CONTROLS TANK CAR ESV
Tank Farm Operations
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115
Tank Farm Operations
GAS TRANSFER COMPRESSOR
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116LIQUID TRAPS FOR COMPRESSOR
SUCTION LINE
Tank Farm Operations
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117(For Tank Car Unloading, the “Supply Tank” is the Tank Car and the “Receiver Tank” is the Propellant Storage Tank)
Tank Farm Operations
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118
Liquid Transfer Using a Gas Compressor
(Tank Car Unloading)
Vapor Recovery
Operations
Tank Farm Operations
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119
Propellant Storage Tanks, Equipment and Safety
Systems
Tank Farm Operations
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120
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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121
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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122
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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123
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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124
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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125
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
MANUFACTURER’S DATA PLATE FOR LPG STORAGE TANK
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126 MANUFACTURER’S DATA PLATE FOR LPG STORAGE TANK
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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127
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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128 Liquid Level Gauges
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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129
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Liquid Level Gauges
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130
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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131 SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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132
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
SAFETY RELIEF VALVES
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133
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
INTERNAL SPRING SAFETY RELIEF VALVE
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134 EXTERNAL SPRING RELIEF VALVE
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Retainer
Spring
Valve Body
Poppet
Seat
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Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Seat
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136
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Hydrostatic Relief Valve
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
PSIG0 20 40 80 120
160
200
Temperature (F)
Pressure Rise in a Constant Volume
Vessel or Pipe
• Pressure Increase from 24 to 1800 psig as temperature rises from 0 to 200 °F(Basis-100% Propane Liquid Full at 130 °F)
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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138
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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139
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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140 Storage Tank Safety Valves
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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141
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Storage Tank Safety Valves
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142
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
Storage Tank Safety Valves
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Pipe and Pipe Fittings• Carbon Steel schedule 80 pipe and 2000# forged steel
fittings are recommended to be used throughout the propellant storage and handling system for maximum safety and maintenance flexibility.
• Pipe joints may be threaded, flanged or welded. Welded joints are preferred to minimize the potential for leaks, especially in long piping runs or piping that is hard to reach for inspection.
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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• Piping must be designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 58 and ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping.
• Cast Iron fittings must not be used. (Malleable or ductile iron may be used for equipment handling liquefied gas propellants).
• All materials must be inert to the chemical action of the propellant.
• Metal or Spiral wound metal gaskets required.
Pipe and Pipe Fittings
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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• Piping should be installed above ground and must be well supported and protected against damage.– Buried piping requires special protective coating systems and
cathodic protection. Buried piping is generally not recommended due to corrosion, settling and difficulty with leak detection. For buried piping considerations, see NFPA 58, Chapter 3 (section 3-2.12)
• Grounding of the piping system is recommended.• Piping Systems must be properly labeled.
Pipe and Pipe Fittings
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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• Elastomers– Hydrocarbons and Hydrofluorocarbons
• Buna-N, Neoprene and Butyl Rubber acceptable– Dimethyl Ether (DME)
• Teflon® is a suitable plastic sealant• Kalrez® and Ethylene Propylene (EP) are the best
elastomers for DME service
Pipe and Pipe Fittings
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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147
Forged Steel Sch. 80 Pipe and 2000#
Fittings
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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148
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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149
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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150
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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151
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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152
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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153
Theoretical Maximum Releaseof Liquefied Flammable Gas
The theoretical maximum release of 3 different hydrocarbon propellants @ 70 °F to the atmosphere through a 0.25” diameter opening has been calculated to be:
Hydrocarbon Pressure Vapor Liquid(psig) (ft3/sec) (gal/min)
P r o p a n e 108 12.20 28.60I s o b u t a n e 31 5.94 14.39N - b u t a n e 17 4.66 10.50
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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154
HEAT DETECTOR
INTERNAL SAFETY VALVE
BACK FLOWCHECK VALVE
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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155FISHER CONTROLS INTERNAL SAFETY VALVE
(PNEUMATICALLY ACTUATED)
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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156 REMOTE STATION FOR ESVs
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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157EXCESS FLOWVALVE EMERGENCY
SHUT-OFF VALVE
Storage Tanks, Equipment, & Safety Systems
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158
Fire Protection
An Introduction to Liquefied Gas Aerosol Propellants
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159
Flammability ofCommon Aerosol Propellants
• LEL and UEL (lower and upper explosive limits) are tabulated below
Propellant LEL UELPropane 2.2 9.5Isobutane 1.8 8.4N-Butane 1.9 8.5Dimethyl Ether 3.4 18.0Dymel 152a 3.9 16.9R 134a non-flammable
• Auto ignition temperatures range from 662 °F for DME to 940 °F for Propane. (Note: The temperature of an idly burning cigarette is over 1000 °F).
Fire Protection
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160
Fire Protection
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161
Fire Protection
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162
Automatic Detection Systems
Fire Protection
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General Safety Practices
• Unlike LPG used in fuel applications, flammable liquefied gas propellants are Colorless and Odorless gases. You cannot smell a gas leak.
• Consideration should be given to installing automatic detection systems such as combustible gas detectors, Infrared flame detectors, and rate-of-rise temperature detectors. These systems can be used to automatically close shut-off valves, activate plant alarm systems, notify emergency personnel and activate fire protection systems in the event of an emergency.
Automatic Detection Systems
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164 COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTORS
Automatic Detection Systems
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Automatic Detection Systems
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166 RATE OF RISE HEAT DETECTOR
Automatic Detection Systems
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167
HEAT DETECTOR
BACK FLOWCHECK VALVE
INTERNAL SAFETY VALVE
Automatic Detection Systems
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168
RATE-OF-RISEHEAT DETECTOR
Automatic Detection Systems
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169 IR FLAME DETECTOR
Automatic Detection Systems
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Fire ProtectionWater Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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Water Deluge Systems
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185
Fire ProtectionWater Cannons / Monitor
Nozzles
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Water Cannons / Monitor Nozzles
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187
Water Cannons / Monitor Nozzles
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Water Cannons / Monitor Nozzles
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189
Water Cannons / Monitor Nozzles
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190
Fire ProtectionInsulation
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Fire Protection - Insulation
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Fire Protection - Insulation
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Fire Protection - Insulation
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Fire ProtectionMounded Storage
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Mounded Storage
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Mounded Storage
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Mounded Storage
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Mounded Storage
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Mounded Storage
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200
Fire ProtectionUnderground Storage
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Underground Storage
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202
Propellant Tank Farm Safety General
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203 The Fire Triangle
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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Codes and Safety Guides
• NFPA 58: LP Gas Code• NFPA 30B: Manufacture and
Storage of Aerosol Products• CSMA Publication:
“Hydrocarbon, Dimethyl Ether and other Propellants: Considerations for Effective Handling in the Aerosol Plant and Laboratory” (new edition published in 1999)
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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Safety Issues with Flammable Liquefied Gas Propellants
• Flammable• Liquefied Gas• Sudden Release of Pressure• Low Boiling Points• Expansion Ratio• Heavier than Air• Vapors are Colorless and
Odorless• BLEVE
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General Safety Practices
• Proper Pressure Ratings for Storage Tanks and Equipment
• Storage Tanks must be fitted with safety relief valves set to discharge at container design pressure
• Storage Tanks must have liquid level, pressure and temperature gauges
• Container openings for Liquid and Vapor service must be fitted with excess flow or backflow check valves as appropriate
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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• Hydrostatic relief valves must be present between isolation valves where liquid could be trapped in the piping.
• There must be emergency shut-off valves and protective bulkheads at transport loading and unloading stations.
• At least one 20 lb. BC type portable fire extinguisher should be located at the storage area.
• Adequate Fire Protection must be provided for storage tanks.
General Safety Practices
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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• Electrical Equipment and connections must be explosion proof (NEC Class I, Division I or II, Groups C & D). Note: Group D for Hydrocarbon propellants and HFCs; Group C for Dimethyl Ether (DME).
• There must be adequate clearances between propellant storage containers, other groups of storage containers, buildings, and flammable liquid storage areas. See NFPA 58 for details.
• Security Fencing with at least two separate access gates should be present around storage tanks or around the entire facility.
General Safety Practices
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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• Consideration should be given to installing automatic detection systems such as combustible gas detectors, Infrared flame detectors, and rate-of-rise temperature detectors. These systems can be used to automatically close shut-off valves, activate plant alarm systems, notify emergency personnel and activate fire protection systems in the event of an emergency.
General Safety Practices
Propellant Tank Farm Safety
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Regulations
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Environmental, Health, & Safety Issues
• Title V - Clean Air Act Operating Permits
• OSHA PSM - Process Safety Management
• EPA RMP - Risk Management/Worst Case Scenario
• Yearly Emission Reporting
• Right-to-Know Reporting
• Employee Training
Regulations
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Diversified CPC International, Inc. offers custom regulatory compliance programs to meet OSHA PSM (process safety management) and EPA RMP (risk management program) regulatory requirements.
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Diversified CPC International, Inc. can meet all your high purity
aerosol propellant requirements
Visit our website at www.diversifiedcpc.com for more
information on our products.
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ISO 9000:2000Channahon, Illinois
Sparta, New Jersey
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Questions
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An Introduction to Liquefied Gas Aerosol Propellants