Introduction to A & P
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Transcript of Introduction to A & P
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Introduction to A & PAnatomy is the study of structure
Physiology is the study of how something works
Structure determines function
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I. Levels of biological organization
A. ChemicalB. CellC. TissueD. OrganE. Organ systemF. OrganismG. PopulationH. CommunitiesI. EcosytemsJ. Biosphere
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II. Characteristics of lifeA. Living things are made of cells
• 1. procaryotic vs. eucaryotic
• 2. plant vs. animal cells
• 3. surrounded by a cell membrane that is semipermeable
• 4. common genetic language
• 5. science of cellular study is called cytology
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B. Living things respond to their environment
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C. Living organisms exhibit respiration
• 1. organisms take in energy• 2. convert energy to build new cells• 3. use energy to maintain homeostasis
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D. Living organisms maintain homeostasis
• 1. definition• 2. maintained by
feedback systems• 3. components of
feedback systems• 4. types of feedback
systems– a. Negative– B. Positive
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E. Reproduce, grow and develop
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F. Excrete wastes
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G. Evolve
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III. Body Planes
A. Anatomical position
B. Body planes 1. Longitudinal a. Sagittal (mid vs. para) b. Coronal (Frontal) 2. Transverse (Horizontal)
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IV. Directional terms
• 1. lateral vs. medial
• 2. dorsal vs. ventral
• 3. anterior vs. posterior
• 4. cranial vs. caudal
• 5. superior vs. inferior
• 6. superficial vs. deep
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V. Anatomical Regions
• 1. Abdominolpelvic quadrants
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2. Abdominopelvic regions
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VI. Body Cavities
• A. Dorsal body cavity• 1. cranial cavity• 2. vertebral or
spinal cavity• B. Ventral body cavity
(viscera)• 1. abdominal
(peritoneum) 2. thoracic a. pleural cavities b. mediastinum
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VII. Membranes
• A. Mesentery• B. Visceral vs. parietal
serosa• C. Hand in balloon• D. Heart membranes• E. Lung membranes• F. Peritoneal
membranes• G. Serosal fluid• H. Pleurisy or peritonitis
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VIII. Body Regions• A. Abdominal• B. Antecubital• C. Axillary• D. Brachial• E. Buccal• F. Cervical• G. Femoral• H. Gluteal• I. Inguinal• J. Lumbar• K. Occipital• L. Popliteal• M. Pubic• N. Scapular• O. Sural• P. Umbilical