Introduction ,Scope and Objective of the programme ... (ICE).pdf · Introduction ,Scope and...

Assam Science and Technology University, Guwahati, Assam

Introduction ,Scope and Objective of the programme:

Instrumentation & Control is an interdisciplinary area. It caters to the need of oil

and refinery, chemical, fertilizer, petrochemical, power, textile, plastic, automobile,

agriculture, and dairy, food processing and manufacturing industries. Robotics,

aerospace and military applications are also covered by this programme. PG programme

in Instrumentation and Control will work as value addition for the graduate students by

advance courses and one full year project work. Syllabus of the programme is designed

to prepare the students ready for industry.

Project Area:

The Major Project is aimed at training the students to analyze independently any

problem in the field of Instrumentation and Control. The project may be analytical or

computational or experimental or combination of them based on the latest developments

in area mentioned.

Laboratory Facility:

Applied Electronics and Instrumentation engineering branch is well equipped

with various laboratories related to the courses offered in the programme. Control lab is

equipped with flow, level, pressure, cascade control, feed forward, ratio control loops.

PLCs with required programming software to provide hands on practice to the

students. Control related simulation experiments are carried out using MATLAB and

SIMULINK. Department has full version of Lab VIEW software and related hardware.

Measurement and Instrument lab is fully equipped with various trainer boards for

LVDT, Strain gauge, Thermocouples, PH measurement, RTD, Thermistor, DC&AC

Bridges etc.

Fiber optic Lab is also well equipped for performing research work and several

experiments.

Project lab is one of the strength of the department. It is equipped with various

test and measuring instruments, development boards and universal programmer.


Assam Science and Technology University

Master of Technology Degree in

Instrumentation and Control Engineering

Details of Course Structure of Semester I:

SL.

No.

Course

Number Subjects

Periods Evaluation Scheme

L T P End Semester

Examination

Marks

Internal

Assess

ment

Marks

Total

Marks

Credits

1 ICPG101

Advanced

Instrumentation and

Measurement

Systems

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

2 ICPG102 Advanced Control

System

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

3 ICPG103 Applied Mathematics

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

4 Elective-I

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

5 Elective-II

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

6 ICPG104 Laboratory-I

0 0 3 100 50 150 3

7 ICPG501 Seminar-1

0 0 2 50 50 2

Total Marks for End Semester Examination: 600 Total Periods: 22

Total Marks for Seminar and Internal Assessment: 350 Total Credits: 25

Total Marks for Semester I: 950

* The list of Electives subjects are attached separately

* Internal assessment marks shall be awarded by subject teacher





Details of Course Structure of Semester II:

SL.

No.

Course

Number Subjects

Periods Evaluation Scheme

L T P End Semester

Examination

Marks

Internal

Assess

ment

Marks

Total

Marks

Credits

1 ICPG201

Advanced Process Control

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

2 ICPG202

Advanced

Microcontroller

and Embedded System Design

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

3 ICPG203 Nonlinear System

Control 3 1 0 100 50 150 4

4 Elective-III

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

5 Elective-IV

3 1 0 100 50 150 4

6 ICPG204 Laboratory-2

0 0 3 100 50 150 3

7 ICPG502 Seminar-2

0 0 2 50 50 2

Total Marks for End Semester Examination: 600 Total Periods: 22

Total Marks for Seminar and Internal Assessment: 350 Total Credits: 25

Total Marks for Semester I: 950

* The list of Electives subjects are attached separately

* Internal assessment marks shall be awarded by subject teacher





Details of Course Structure of Semester III:

Serial

No. Course

Number Subjects Teaching

Scheme

Evaluation Scheme

Internal

Assessment

Marks

Externally

Assessed

Marks

Total

marks

Credits

1

ICPG301 Project - - - 300 - 300 8

Total Marks for Semester III: 300 Total Credits: 8

* There shall be no course work in the third semester

* At the end of 3rd

semester, a student shall submit an interim progress work, give a

presentation and appear in Viva-voce .





Details of Course Structure of Semester IV:

Serial

No. Course

Number

Subjects Teaching

Scheme

Evaluation Scheme

Internal

Assessment

Marks

Externally

Assessed

Marks

Total

marks

Credits

1

ICPG301 Project - - - 400 200 600 16

Total Marks for Semester IV: 600 Total Credits: 16

* The project work will be examined by the department of Applied Electronics and

Instrumentation and internal marks will be awarded by the department. The external

examiner, appointed by Gauhati University will award the external marks based on

his/her assessment.


Elective-I:

1) Advanced Sensor Technology (ICPG105)

2) Process Dynamics and Control (ICPG106)

3) Advanced Electronic Instrumentation (ICPG107) 4) Instrumentation for Environmental Analysis (ICPG108)

Electives-II:

1) Digital Control system design(ICPG109) 2) Fuzzy logic, Neural Network and Control(ICPG110)

3) Adaptive control (ICPG111)

4) Advanced Medical Instrumentation. (ICPG112)

Electives-III:

1) Fibre optic and Laser Instrumentation (ICPG205)

2) Process Modeling and Simulation (ICPG206)

3) Remote Sensing and Control (ICPG207) 4) Optimal Control Theory (ICPG208)

Electives-IV:

1) Advanced Virtual Instrumentation (ICPG209)

2) Advanced Digital Signal Processing (ICPG210) 3) Industrial Communication (ICPG211)

4) Industrial Automation and Robotics (ICPG212)

5) Engineering Optimization (ICPG213)


ICPG101: Advanced Instrumentation and Measurement Systems (3-1-0)

End Semester Exam. Marks =100

Internal Assessment Marks =50

Unit1: Specification of instruments, their static and dynamic characteristics, errors,

standard and calibration, computer aided calibration, General concepts of transfer

functions (with special reference to measuring system)

Unit2: Introduction, principle, design and construction of various active and passive

transducers and their signal conditioning.

Unit3: Introduction to transmitter. Two wire, four wire transmitter, smart and intelligent

transmitter, Design of transmitter, F-V,V-F converters, V-I and I-V converters.

Unit4: Overview of AC & DC bridges for measuring resistances (medium and low),

inductance, capacitance and frequency.

Unit5: Measurements of important parameters-temperature: Electrical- Resistance

Sensors, Thermal Expansion Methods; Thermoelectric Sensors- i) Thermistor

Thermometers- linearization and signal conditioning techniques. ii)Thermocouple

Thermometers- Functional models of thermoelectric circuits. Calibration, Thermocouple

Failure and Validation, Applications; Semiconductor Junction Sensors, Digital

Thermometer, Radiation Methods

Unit6; Pressure Measurement: Basic Methods of Pressure measurement, Low

Pressure(Vacuum) measurement-Mc Lead Gauge, Knudsen Gauge, Ionization Gauge,

and Pirani Gauge., High pressure measurement.

Unit7: Measurement of level: Float gauge, float-tape, float-shaft methods, bubbler

system, etc. Electrical transducers – resistive, inductive, capacitive.

Unit8: Flow Measurement: Measurement of Local Flow Velocity, Magnitude and

Direction, Gross Volume flow rate measurement-Constant Area, Variable pressure drop

meter, Constant Pressure Drop-variable Area meter, Positive displacement meter,

Electromagnetic floe meter, Ultrasonic Flow meter

Unit9: Measurement system applied to micro and nanotechnology.

References Books:

1. Ernest O. Doebelin: Measurement system Application and Design . McGraw Hill

International Editions, 1990

2. K.B. Klaasen : Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation, Cambridge University

Press, 1996.

3. Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement. David A. Bell. Prentice Hall of India.

4. Electrical and Electronic Measurement and Instrumentation: Sawhny, Dhanpat Rai

and Sons.

5. Electronic Measurements and Measuring Instruments. Helfrick and Cooper. PHI.

6. Electrical Measurement and Measuring Instruments: Golding and Widdis.

7. Principles of Industrial Instrumentation- Patranabis, TMH.


ICPG102: Advanced Control System (3-1-0)



Unit1. Introduction:

Transfer function, Physical system modelling, Poles and Zeros, Stability analysis, basics

of Frequency domain analysis. MIMO system, Basic signals and systems.

Unit 2. State variable techniques:

State variable representation of control systems by various methods. Solution of state

equations-state transition matrix. Transfer function from state variable model.

Controllability & observability of state variable model.

Unit 3. Second order systems & state plane:

Phase portrait of linear second order systems. Method of isoclines, phase portrait of

second order system with non-linearities, limit cycle, singular points.

Unit 4. Describing function analysis:

Definition, limitations, use of describing function for stability analysis , Stability of limit

cycles, describing function of ideal relay, relay with hysteresis & dead zone,

saturation/coulomb friction & backlash, reliability of describing function analysis.

Unit 5. Linear approximation of nonlinear systems:

Definition of Linear control System and their system behaviour. Different methods of

Linearization.Taylor series, Liapunov’s 2nd

method.

Unit 6. Sampled data systems: Sampling process, impulse modulation, mathematical

analysis of sampling process, application of Laplace transform, Shannon’s theorem,

reconstruction of sampled signal zero order & first order hold, Z-transform, definition,

evaluation of Z-transform, Inverse Z transform, pulse transfer function, limitations of Z-

transform, state variable formulation of discrete time systems. Solution of discrete time

state equations, stability, definition, the Schur-Cohn stability criterion, Jury’s test of

stability of extension of Routh-Hurwitz criterion to discrete time systems.

Unit 7. Basics of fuzzy logic: Fuzzy control from an industrial perspective, knowledge-

based controllers, knowledge representation in KBC’s.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Digital Control & State Variable Methods : M.Gopal ; TMH.

References Books: 1. Modern Control Theory : M.Gopal ; Wiley International.

2. Discrete time control system : K.Ogate ; PHI

3. Digital Control Systems : B.C.Kuo

4. Applied non-linear control : J.E.Slotine & W.P.Li; Prentice Hall, USA,

5. Nonlinear Control Systems: Isidari ; Springer-Verlag.


ICPG103: Applied Mathematics (3-1-0)



Unit1:Linear Algebra

Vector spaces, subspaces, Linear dependence, Basis and Dimension, Inner

product spaces, Gram- Schmidt Orthogonalization, Linear transformations, Kernels and

Images , Matrix representation of linear transformation, Change of basis, Eigenvalues and

Eigen vectors of linear operator, Quadratic form.

Unit2: Z-Transform

Definition, properties, Z-transform of some basic sequences, Z-transforms of

some basic discrete functions, Shifting theorems.

Unit3:Operations on Random Variables

Random Variables, Distributions and Density functions, Moments and Moment

generating function, Multivariate distributions, Independent Random Variables, Marginal

and Conditional distributions , Conditional Expectation, Transformation of Random

Variables , Elements of stochastic processes, Classification of general stochastic

processes.

Unit4:Random Processes

Markov Chains: Definition, Examples, Transition Probabilities, Classification of

states

Unit5:Continuous Time Markov Chains:

General pure Birth processes and Poisson processes, Birth and death processes,

Finite state continuous time Markov chains

Unit6:Probability and Statistics:

Definition and postulates of probability, Field of probability, Mutually exclusive

events, Bayes' Theorem, Independence, Bernoulli trial, Discrete Distributions,

Continuous distributions,Probable errors, Linear regression, Introduction to non-linear

regression, Correlation, Analysis of variance.

References Books:

1. Linear Algebra and it‟s Applications, Gilbert Strang. Thomson Books.

2. Linear Algebra, K. H. Hoffmaan. Prantice Hall

3. A Papoulis, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, 3rd

Edition,

McGraw Hill, 2002.

4. Advanced Engg. Maths, E. Kreyszig. Wiley Eastern Ltd.

5. Advanced Engg. Maths, Peter V. O. Neil. Thomson Books.

6. Higher Engg. Maths, B.S. Grewal. Khanna Publishers.

7. PC based Instrumentation and control: Mike Tooley, Elsevier, 3rd

edition.


ICPG201: Advanced Process Control (3-1-0)



Unit1:Introduction

Review and limitation of single loop control, need for multiloop systems p/I diagrams,

standard instrumentation symbols for devices, signal types, representation and reading

of instrumentation scheme using p/I diagrams.

Unit2:Advanced process control techniques

Principle, analysis & application of cascade, ratio, feed forward, override, split range,

selective and auctioneering control systems with multiple loops, dead time compensation,

adaptive control, And INFERENTIAL control.

Unit3:Design of control systems for multivariable process

Multivariable control systems, interaction in multiple loops, rga method for minimizing

interaction e.g. Distillation column, absorbers, heat exchangers, furnace and reactors.

Unit4:Introduction to computer control systems in process control

DCS configuration, control console equipment, communication between components,

local control units, DCS flow sheet symbols, DCA i/o hardware & set point stations.

Supervisory control & data acquisition system- SCADA System Components ,SCADA

Architecture, SCADA Communication, SCADA Applications

Unit5:Programmable logic controls

Introduction, relative merits over dcs & relay, programming languages,

hardware and system sizing, plc installation, maintenance & troubleshooting.

References Books: 1. Industrial instrumentation: d.p. eckman

2. Chemical process comtrol: g stephonopolis

3. Handbook of process control: liptak

4. Handbook of advanced process control: pane

5. Process system analysis and control: Donald r. goughamonr.

6. David Bailey, Edwin Wright, Practical SCADA for industry, Newnes, 2003

7. Michael Wiebe, A guide to utility automation: AMR, SCADA, and IT systems for

electric power, PennWell 1999


ICPG202: Advanced Microcontrollers and Embedded System Design (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction: Architecture and programming model, Internal RAM and registers,

I/O ports, interrupts system and instruction sets.

Unit2: Introduction to Microcontrollers - Motorola 68HC11 - Intel 8051 - Intel 8096 -

Registers - Memories - I/O Ports - Serial Communications - Timers - Interrupts

Unit3: A typical 16-bit microcontroller with RISC architecture and integrated A-D

converter e.g. PIC18Cxxx family/AVR : advantages of Harvard architecture, instruction

pipeline, analog input, PWM output, serial I/O, timers, in-circuit and self

programmability. Instruction set. Typical application,

Unit4: Digital Signal Processor (DSP) - Architecture – Programming. Introduction to

FPGA.

Unit5: Data communication, parallel I/O, serial communication, serial interface and

UART, modem, I/O devices, A/D interface, Special Devices.

Unit6: Developing Microcontroller based products: Introduction to design process,

preparing the specifications, developing a design, implementing and testing the design,

regulatory compliance testing, Development tools

References Books:

1. Kenneth J. Ayala, The 8051 microcontroller, Cengage Learning, 2004

2. Dogan Ibrahim, Advanced PIC microcontroller projects in C: from USB to RTOS

with the PIC18F Series, Elsevier, 2008

. Mazidi M. A. & J. G. Mazidi - The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems,

Pearson, 2002.

3. Kenneth J Ayala – the 8051 Microcontroller architecture programming and

applications, 2nd

Edition Penram International publishing.

4. J.B. Peatman – Design with PIC microcontrollers , PH Engg. 1998.

5. Hintz – Micro controllers, Architecture, implementation and programming

McGraw Hill.

6. Evesham - Developing Real - Time Systems - A Practical Introduction , Galgotia

Publications, New Delhi, 1996.

7. Ball S.R - Embedded microprocessor systems - Real World Design, Prentice Hall,

1996.

8. Herma K - Real Time Systems – Design for Distributed Embedded Applications,

Kluwer Academic, 1997.

9. Micro chip datasheets for PIC16F877


ICPG203: Nonlinear System Control (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction

Characteristics of nonlinear systems - classification of equilibrium points - limit

cycles - analysis of systems with piecewise constant inputs using phase plane analysis -

perturbation techniques- periodic orbits - stability of periodic solutions - singular

perturbation model - slow and fast manifolds.

Unit2: Lyapunov Stability and Design

Stability of Nonlinear Systems - Lyapunov stability - local stability - local

linearization and stability in the small - Direct method of Lyapunov - generation of

Lyapunov function for linear and nonlinear systems - variable gradient method - Centre

manifold theorem - region of attraction - Invariance theorems - Input output stability - L

stability - L stability of state models - L2 stability- Lyapunov based design - Lyapunonv

redesign - Robust stabilization - Nonlinear Damping - back stepping - sliding mode

control - adaptive control - Model controller - model reference adaptive control

Unit3: Describing Function Method

Derivation of Describing function :Dead Zone and saturation, Relay with dead

zone and hysteresis, stability analysis by describing methods, Stability analysis with Gain

–Phase plot

Unit4: Feedback Control and Feedback Stabilization

Analysis of feedback systems - Circle Criterion - Popov Criterion - simultaneous

Lyapunov functions - Feedback linearization - stabilization - regulation via integral

control - gain scheduling - input state linearization - input output linearization - state

feedback control - stabilization - tracking - integral control

References Books:

1. K Ogatta, “Control System Theory”

2. Gibson, “Non Linear Control System”

3. M. Gopal “ Discrete and non linear system”


ELECTIVE-I ( ICPG105 to ICPG108)

ICPG105: Advanced Sensor Technology (3-1-0)



Unit1: Principles of Sensors: Sensor classification, Sensing mechanism of Mechanical,

Electrical, Thermal, Magnetic, Optical, Chemical and Biological Sensors.

Unit2: Sensor Characterization and Calibration: Study of Static and Dynamic

Characteristics, Sensor reliability, aging test, failure mechanisms and their evaluation and

stability study.

Unit3: Sensor Modeling: Numerical modeling techniques, Model equations, Different

effects on modeling and examples of modeling.

Unit4: Smart Sensors: Introduction, primary sensors, excitation, amplification, filtering,

and compensation.

Unit5: Sensor Design and Packaging: Partitioning, Layout, technology constraints,

scaling, compatibility study.

Unit6: Sensor Technology: Thick and thin films fabrication process, MEMS-Micro

machining, IOC (Integrated Optical circuit) fabrication process, Ceramic material

fabrication process, Wire bonding, and Packaging.

Unit7: Sensor Interfaces: Signal processing, Multi sensor signal processing, Smart

Sensors, Micro sensors and Microsystems ,Interface Systems.

Unit8: Sensor Applications: Process Engineering, Medical Diagnostic, sensors in

aerospace application, Environmental monitoring etc

References Books:

1. Patranabis D., Sensors and Transducers, 2/e,PHI.

2. Gopel, w., J. Hesse and Zemel, Sensor: A comprehensive study

3. Gardner J.W., Varadan V.K., Awadelkarim O.O., Microsensors MEMS and smart

devices, Wiley publication.

4. Mahalik, MEMS, Tata McGraw Hill


ICPG106: Process Dynamics and Control (3-1-0)



Unit1: Design aspects of Process Control System

Classification of variables, Design elements of a control system, control aspects

of a process. The input – output model, degrees of freedom and process controllers.

Modes of operation of P, PI and PID controllers. Effect of variation of controller

variables. Typical control schemes for flow, pressure, temperature and level processes.

Unit2: Control System components:

I/P and P/I converters - Pneumatic and electric actuators - valve positioner -

control valve Characteristics of control valve - valve body - globe, butterfly, diaphragm

ball valves - control valve sizing - Cavitations, flashing in control valves - Response of

pneumatic transmission lines and valves. Actuators – Pneumatic, Hydraulic, Electrical/

Electronic.

Unit3: Dynamic behavior of feedback controlled process:

Stability considerations. Simple performance criteria, Time integral performance

criteria: ISE, IAE, ITAE, Selection of type of feedback controller. Adaptive Control,

Gain Scheduling Adaptive Control, Model – reference adaptive control, self tuning

regulator. Logic of feed forward control, problems in designing feed forward controllers,

feedback control, Ratio Control, Cascade Control.

References Books: 1. Curtis Johnson, Process Control Instrumentation Technology, Prentice Hall of

India.

2. George Stephanopoulos, Chemical Process Control, Prentice Hall of India.

3. F.G. Shinkskey, Process Control Systems, McGraw-Hill Publications.


ICPG107: Advanced Electronic Instrumentation (3-1-0)



Unit1: Waveform measuring instruments, advanced digital oscilloscopes;

Analyzing recorders, Graphic Recorders: Graphic analog recorder, magnetic tape analog

recorders, oscillograhic analog recorders, digital recorders

Unit2: Arbitrary waveform generator: Square, pulse, Random noise, Sweep, Video

pattern Generators.

Unit3: Data acquisition system: Single and multi Chanel DAS, Computer based DAS;

A/D,D/A, Data Loggers.

Unit4: Advanced universal counters, timers and their applications,

Unit5: Digital measuring instruments, Digital field testers, applications related to use of

instruments for process and biomedical like signal generation, and simulation.

Unit6: Test and calibration standards, traceability, EMI\EMC, documentation for test and

calibration.

References Books:

1. Electronics Handbook By Coombs

2. Electronics Measurement By Carr, Brown

3. Introduction to instrumentation and measurements by Northrop R. B., CRC Press

4. Safety Standard for Electrical and Electronic Test, Measuring, Controlling and

Related Equipment - General Requirements, 1999, ISA


ICPG108: Instrumentation for Environmental Analysis (3-1-0)



Course objective: To educate the students on the various instruments used for analysis of

air and water

Unit 1: Spectroscopic Methods

Electromagnetic radiation, Characteristics, Interaction of e.m. radiation with matter,

Colorimetry and spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, nephelometry and turbidimetry,

Spectral methods of analysis - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), Atomic

Emission Spectrometry (AES) Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and Direct Current

Plasma (DCP) spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Beer’s law - radiation sources -

monochromators and filters - diffraction grating , ultraviolet spectrometer - single beam

and double beam instruments

Unit 2: Chromatographic Methods

Chromatography-definition, types, schemes for liquid and gas chromatograph, working

thoery, different parts of chromatography, Column, Paper and thin layer chromatography

(TLC), Gas Chromatrography

(GC), GC-MS, High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Ion

chromatrography (IC).

Unit 3: Electro and Radio Analytical Methods

Particles emitted in radioactive decay, nuclear radiation detectors, injection chamber -

Geiger - Muller counter - proportional counter - scintillation counter – Semiconductor

detectors, Neutron Activation

Analysis (NAA), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods.

Unit 4: Measurement Techniques for Water and Air

Measurement techniques for water quality parameters- conductivity, temperature,

turbidity, pH. Measurement techniques for chemical pollutants – chloride, sulphides,

nitrates and nitrites, phosphates, fluoride, phenolic compounds. Measurement techniques

for particulate matter in air-Measurement of oxides of sulphur, oxides of nitrogen,

unburnt hydrocarbons, carbon-monoxide, dust mist and fog.

Unit 5: Noise Pollution measurement

Noise pollution – measurement of sound, tolerable levels of sound. Measurement of

sound level.

Recommended Books/ Journals/ Letters

1. D. Patranabis, “Principles of Industrial Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill

Publication.

2. John G Webster, “The measurement instrumentation and sensors handbook”

3. Francis Rouessac and Annick Rouessac, “Chemical Analysis-Modern

Instrumentation method and techniques”, Wiley publication.

4. S.P. Mahajan, “Pollution Control in Process Industries”, Tata McGraw Hill,

1985.

5. G. N. Pandey and G.C. Carney, “Environmental Engineering”, Tata McGraw-

Hill, 1989.


ELECTIVE-II (ICPG109 to ICPG112)

ICPG109: Digital Control System Design ` (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction to Digital Control systems Transient and steady state response analysis of Digital control system: Deadbeat

response, Digital control system with state feedback. State regular, State observer, combined state feedback control and state Estimation, Deadbeat control by state feedback and Dead beat observer

Data conversion and quantization- Sampling process- Mathematical modeling-

Data reconstruction and filtering of sampled signals- Hold devices- z transform and

inverse z transform - Relationship between s- plane and z- plane- Difference equation -

Solution by recursion and z-transform-Discretisation Methods

Unit2: Analysis of Digital Control Systems

Digital control systems- Pulse transfer function - z transform analysis of closed

loop and open loop systems- Modified z- transfer function- Multirate z-transform -

Stability of linear digital control systems- Stability tests- Steady state error analysis- Root

loci - Frequency domain analysis- Bode plots- Nyquist plots- Gain margin and phase

margin.

Unit3: Classical Design of Digital Control Systems

Cascade and feedback compensation by continuous data controllers- Digital

controllers-Design using bilinear transformation- Root locus based design- Digital PID

controllers- Dead beat control design- Case study examples using MATLAB

Unit4: Advanced Design of Digital Control Systems

State variable models- Interrelations between z- transform models and state

variable models- Controllability and Observability - Response between sampling instants

using state variable approach-Pole placement using state feedback – Servo Design- State

feedback with Integral Control-Deadbeat Control by state feedback and deadbeat

observers- Dynamic output feedback- Effects of finite word length on controllability and

closed loop pole placement- Case study examples using MATLAB.

References Books:

1. B.C Kuo , Digital Control Systems (second Edition),Oxford University Press, Inc., New

York, 1992.

2. G.F. Franklin, J.D. Powell, and M.L. Workman, Digital control of Dynamic Systems,

Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc., Menlo Park, CA , 1998.

3. M. Gopal, Digital Control and State Variable Methods, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Company, Third Edition,2009.

4. John F. Walkerly, Microcomputer architecture and Programs, John Wiley and Sons

Inc., New York, 1981.

5. K. Ogata, Discrete Time Control Systems, Addison-Wesley Longman Pte. Ltd., Indian

Branch ,Delhi,1995.

6. C. H. Houpis and G.B. Lamont, Digital Control Systems, McGraw Hill Book

Company, 1985.

7. C.L.Philips and H.T Nagle,Jr., Digital Control System Analysis and Design, Prentice

Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs,N.J.,1984.


ICPG110: Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks and Control (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction to Neural Networks: Artificial Neural Networks: Basic

properties of Neurons, Neuron Models, Feed forward networks – Perceptions, windrow-

Hoff LMS algorithm; Multilayer networks – Exact and approximate representation, Back

propagation algorithm, variants of Back propagation, Unsupervised and Reinforcement

learning; Symmetric Hopfield networks and Associative memory; Competitive learning

and self organizing networks, Hybrid Learning; Computational complexity of ANNs.

Unit2: Neural Networks Based Control: ANN based control: Introduction:

Representation and identification, modeling the plant, control structures – supervised

control, Model reference control, Internal model control, Predictive control: Examples –

Inferential estimation of viscosity an chemical process, Auto – turning feedback control,

industrial distillation tower.

Unit3: Introduction to Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy Controllers: Preliminaries – Fuzzy

sets and Basic notions – Fuzzy relation calculations – Fuzzy members – Indices of

Fuzziness comparison of Fuzzy quantities – Methods of determination of membership

functions.

Unit4: Fuzzy Logic Based Control: Fuzzy Controllers: Preliminaries – Fuzzy

sets in commercial products – basic construction of fuzzy controller – Analysis of static

properties of fuzzy controller – Analysis of dynamic properties of fuzzy controller –

simulation studies –case studies – fuzzy control for smart cars.

Unit5: Neuro – Fuzzy and Fuzzy – Neural Controllers: Neuro – fuzzy systems:

A unified approximate reasoning approach – Construction of role bases by self learning:

System structure and learning algorithm – A hybrid neural network based Fuzzy

controller with self learning teacher. Fuzzified CMAC and RBF network based self-

learning controllers.

References Books:

1. Bose and Liang, Artificial Neural Networks, Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1996.

2. Kosco B, Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems: A Dynamic Approach to Machine

Intelligence, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1992.

3. J.M. Zurada, .Introduction to artificial neural systems., Jaico Publishers, 1992.

4. Simon Haykins, .Neural Networks . A comprehensive foundation. Macmillan College,

Proc, Con, Inc, New York, 1994.

5. D. Driankov, H. Hellendorn, M. Reinfrank, .Fuzzy Control . An Introduction. , Narora

Publishing House, New Delhi, 1993.

6. H.J. Zimmermann, .Fuzzy set theory and its applications., III Edition, Kluwer

Academic Publishers, London. 2001

7. G.J. Klir, Boyuan, .Fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic., Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., 1997.

8. Stamatios V Kartalopoulos, .Understanding neural networks and fuzzy logic .basic

concepts and applications., Prentice Hall of India (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2000.

9. Timothy J. Ross, .Fuzzy logic with engineering applications., McGraw Hill, New York.


ICPG111: Adaptive control (3-1-0)



Unit1: System Identification: Introduction, dynamic systems, models, system

identification procedure. Simulation and Prediction. Non-parametric time and frequency

domain methods.

Unit2: Linear dynamic system Identification: Overview, excitation signals, general

model structure, time series models, models with output feedback, models without output

feedback. Convergence and consistency.

Unit3: Parameter estimation methods: minimizing prediction errors, linear regressions

and Leastsquares method, Instrumental – variable method, prediction error method.

Recursive algorithms. Closed-loop Identification.

Unit4: Adaptive Control: Close loop and open loop adaptive control. Reference Adaptive

Control (MARC) system. Self-tuning controller(STC).

Unit5: Auto tuning for PID controllers: Relay feedback, pattern recognition,

correlation technique. Relation between MRAC and STC, Introduction to sliding Mode Control

(Variable Structure Control).

Unit6: Adaptive predictor control: Auto-tuning and self-tuning Smith predictor.

Adaptive advanced control: Pole placement control, minimum variance control,

generalized predictive control.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Ljung .L, System Identification: Theory for the user, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,

1987.

2. Astrom .K, Adaptive Control, Second Edition, Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd, 2002.

3. Yoan D. Landu, Adaptive Control (Model Reference Approach), Marcel Dekker. 1981


ICPG112: Advanced Medical Instrumentation (3-1-0)



Course objective: To educate the students on the development and application of

Instrumentation system in the field of medical science.

Unit 1: Introduction to Medical Instrumentation

Review of human physiology - Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System and

Nervous System, Bioelectric signals–origin, Resting and Action potentials, Propagation

of Action Potential, The Bioelectric Potentials Electrode theory, Bio Potential Electrodes

origin of bioelectric signals, ECG, EEG, EMG, EOG, ERG, Recording Electrodes –

Electrode-tissue interface, polarization, skin contact impedance, motion artifacts, Silver-

Silver Chloride electrodes, Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG, Electrical conductivity of

electrode jellies and creams, microelectrodes, Biochemical transducers, Biomedical

Recorders-ECG, EEG and EMG- Measurement of Heart Rate-Pulse Rate, Blood Pressure

monitoring systems- Biomedical telemetry- Single channel systems, ECG telemetry

system, Patient Safety-Electric shock hazards-Effects of Electric current on the human

body-Electrophysiology of ventricular Fibrillation, Electrical Safety analyzer.

Unit 2: Medical signal conditioning

General Considerations for signal conditioners, Biomedical signal analysis

techniques-FFT, Signal Processing techniques-Effects of artifacts on ECG recordings-

Computerized analysis of EEG—Frequency/Amplitude analysis-Display format,

Compressed Spectral Array(CSA), Frequency Response and Damping Adjustment of

systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Cardiac Arrhythmias – Arrhythmia Monitor.

ECG QRS Detection and analysis – Power spectrum of ECG, QRS detection algorithm,

ST segment

Analyzer ,ST Arrhythmia Algorithm, Data Compression and Processing of the

ECG signal.

Unit 3: Medical Imaging systems

Modern Imaging Systems- X– rays – Basis of diagnostic radiology- nature -

production and visualization of X-rays- X- ray Machine, Computerized Tomography

(CT) –basic principle system components- scanning ,processing, viewing and storage

unit, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI/NMR) System- principle, Imaging sequences,

basic NMR components, Advantages and Limitations of MRI, Basic principles of Echo

technique, display techniques A, B, M modes, Echo cardiograms, Echo encephalogram,

Ultrasonic applied as diagnostic tool in ophthalmology, obstetrics and gynecology.


Unit 4: Medical assistive devices

Heart lung machine. Different types of Oxygenators, Pumps, Pulsatile and

Continuous Types, Monitoring Process. Hemodialyser-Indication and Principle of

Hemodialysis, Membrane, Dialyasate, Different types of heamodialisers, Wearable

Artificial Kidney, Implanting Type. Respiratory aids - Intermittent positive pressure,

Breathing Apparatus Operating Sequence, Electronic IPPB unit with monitoring for all

respiratory parameters.

Recommended Books/ Journals/ Letters

1. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell and Erich A. Pfeiffer, “Biomedical

Instrumentation and

Measurements”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

2. R.S. Khandpur, “Handbook of bio medical instrumentation” by Tata McGraw

Hill Book Publishing company, New Delhi.

3. Joseph J Carr and John M Brown, “Introduction to Biomedical equipment

Technology”, Pearson Education, New Delhi 2001.

4. D.C. Reddy, “Biomedical Signal Processing, Principles and Techniques”, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2005.


ELECTIVE-III (ICPG205 to ICPG208)

ICPG205: Fibre optic and Laser Instrumentation (3-1-0)



OBJECTIVES

i. To expose the students to the basic concepts of optical fibres and their properties.

ii. To provide adequate knowledge about the Industrial applications of optical fibres.

iii. To expose the students to the Laser fundamentals.

iv. To provide adequate knowledge about Industrial application of lasers.

v. To provide adequate knowledge about holography & Medical applications of Lasers.

Unit1: Optical Fibre and their properties:

Basic optical laws and definitions Principles of light propagation through a fibre -

waveguides- Electromagnetics of integrated optical waveguides: Maxwell and waveguide

equation Different types of fibres and their properties, fibre characteristics – Absorption

losses – Scattering losses – Dispersion – Connectors & splicers – Fibre termination –

Optical sources – Optical detectors.

Unit2: Industrial application of Optical Fibre:

Fibre optic sensors – Fibre optic instrumentation system – Different types of

modulators – Interferometric method of measurement of length – Moire fringes –

Measurement of pressure, temperature, current, voltage, liquid level and strain.

Unit3: Laser Fundamentals: Fundamental characteristics of lasers – Three level and four level lasers –

Properties of laser – Laser modes – Resonator configuration – Q-switching and mode

locking – Cavity damping – Types of lasers – Gas lasers, solid lasers, liquid lasers,

semiconductor lasers.

Unit4: Industrial Application of Lasers:

Laser for measurement of refractive index ,distance, length, velocity, acceleration,

current, voltage and

Atmospheric effect – Material processing – Laser heating, welding, melting and trimming

of material – Removal and vaporization.

Unit5: Hologram and Medical Applications:

Holography – Basic principle - Methods – Holographic interferometry and

application, Holography for non-destructive testing – Holographic components – Medical

applications of lasers, laser and tissue interactive – Laser instruments for surgery,

removal of tumours of vocal cards, brain surgery, plastic surgery, gynecology and

oncology.


TEXT BOOKS

1. J.M. Senior, „Optical Fibre Communication – Principles and Practice‟, Prentice Hall

of India, 1985.

2. J. Wilson and J.F.B. Hawkes, „Introduction to Opto Electronics‟, Prentice Hall of

India, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Donald J.Sterling Jr, „Technicians Guide to Fibre Optics‟, 3rd Edition, Vikas

Publishing House, 2000.

2. M. Arumugam, „Optical Fibre Communication and Sensors‟, Anuradha Agencies,

2002.

3. John F. Read, „Industrial Applications of Lasers‟, Academic Press, 1978.

4. Monte Ross, „Laser Applications‟, McGraw Hill, 1968

5. G. Keiser, „Optical Fibre Communication‟, McGraw Hill, 1995.

6. Mr. Gupta, „Fiber Optics Communication‟, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

7. Bishnu Pal, „Fundamentals of Fiber optics telecommunication and sensor systems‟

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(ICPG206): Process Modeling and simulation (3-1-0)



Introduction to modeling, a systematic approach to model building, classification of

models. Conservation principles, thermodynamic principles of process systems.

Development of steady state and dynamic lumped and distributed parameter models

based on first principles. Analysis of ill-conditioned systems.

Development of grey box models. Empirical model building. Statistical model calibration

and validation. Population balance models. Examples.

Solution strategies for lumped parameter models. Stiff differential equations. Solution

methods for initial value and boundary value problems. Euler’s method. R-K method,

shooting method, finite difference methods. Solving the problems using

MATLAB/SCILAB.

Solution strategies for distributed parameter models. Solving parabolic, elliptic and

hyperbolic partial differential equations. Finite element and finite volume methods.

TEXT BOOKS:

1. K. M. Hangos and I. T. Cameron, “Process Modeling and Model Analysis”,

Academic Press, 2001.

2. W.L. Luyben, “Process Modeling, Simulation and Control for Chemical

Engineers”, 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1990.

3. W. F. Ramirez, “Computational Methods for Process Simulation”, Butterworth's,

1995.

4. Mark E. Davis, “Numerical Methods and Modeling for Chemical Engineers”,

John Wiley & Sons, 1984.

5. Singiresu S. Rao, “Applied Numerical Methods for Engineers and Scientists”

Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2001


ICPG207: Remote Sensing and Control (3-1-0)



Nature of electromagnetic radiation - spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics

of objects – atmospheric interaction sensors - photographic, thermal, multi-spectral,

passive microwave and active microwave, sensors - ground data acquisition - photo-

interpretation - image processing techniques, remote sensing applications.

Techniques of remote control; remote control in Industry including Oil pipelines,

rocket motion and satellite movements.

References Books:

1. Barett, E.C. and Curtis, L.F.- Introduction To Environmental Remote Sensing,

3/e,Chapman Hall,New York 1992.

2. Campbell, J.B.- Introduction to Remote Sensing , Guilford, New York 1987.

3. Lo, C.P. – Applied Remote Sensing, Wiley, New York 1986.


(ICPG208): Optimal Control Theory (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction, optimal control system, performance indices, Formulation of

optimization problems,

Unit2: Dynamic Programming – Optimal control law – Principle of optimality. An

optimal

control system. A recurrence relation of dynamic programming – computational

procedure. Characteristics of dynamic programming solution. Hamilton – Jacobi –

Bellman equation. Continuous linear regulator problems.

Calculus of variations – Fundamental concepts. Functionals. Piecewise – smooth

extremals Constrained extrema.

Unit3: Variational approach to optimal control problems – Necessary conditions for

optimal control – Linear regulator problems. Linear tracking problems. Pontryagin’s

minimum principle and state inequality constraints.

Unit4: Minimum time problems – Minimum control – effort problems. Singular intervals

in optimal control problems. Numerical determination of optimal trajectories – Two point

boundary – valve problems. Methods of steepest decent, variation of extremals.

Quasilinearization. Gradient projection algorithm.

References Books:

1. Donald E. Kirk, Optimal Control Theory, An introduction, Prentice Hall Inc., 2004

2. A.P. Sage, Optimum Systems Control, Prentice Hall, 1977

3 Anderson .B. D. O, Moore .J. B, Optimal control linear Quadratic methods,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1991.


ELECTIVE-IV (ICPG209 to ICPG213)

ICPG209: Advanced Virtual Instrumentation (3-1-0)



Course objective: To educate the students on the use of virtual instrumentation for

measurement and analysis.

Unit 1: Virtual Instrumentation Historical perspective, advantages, blocks diagram and architecture of a virtual

instrument, data-flow techniques, graphical programming in data flow, comparison with

conventional programming. Development of Virtual Instrument using GUI, Real-time

systems.

Unit 2: VI programming techniques

VIS and sub-VIS, loops and charts, arrays, clusters and graphs, case and sequence

structures, formula nodes, local and global variables, string and file I/O.

Unit 3: Data Acquisition

Introduction to data acquisition on PC, Sampling fundamentals, Input/output

techniques and buses. ADC, DAC, Software and hardware installation, Calibration,

Resolution, Data acquisition interface requirements.

Unit 4: Introduction to LabVIEW – string and File I/O operation

Software environment, front panel, block diagram, palettes, loops, structures and

tunnels, arrays, clusters, plotting data, Modular programming in LabVIEW, creating an

icon, building a connector pane, displaying subVIs and express Vis as icons or

expandable nodes, creating subVIs from sections of VIs,opening and editing subVIs,

placing subVIs on block diagrams, creating stand alone applications. creating string

controls and indicators, string functions, editing, formatting and parsing strings,

configuring string controls and indicators, basics of file input/output, file I/O VIs.

Unit 5: LabVIEW – Instrument Control and Data Acquisition operation

GPIB communication, hardware and software architecture and specifications,

instrument I/O assistant, VISA, Instrument Drivers, Serial Port communications

DAQ hardware and configuration, Analogy I/O, Counters, Digital I/O, DAQ assistant,

selecting and configuring a data acquisition device.

For unit 4 and 5 faculty concerned should make maximum use of practical classes or

make live demonstration of the LabVIEW software in the class for better understanding

of the software.


Recommended Books/ Journals/ Letters 1. Virtual Instrumentation using LabVIEW by Sanjeev Gupta

2. Virtual Instrumentation using LabVIEW, Jovitha Jerome, PHI, ISBN 978-81-203-

40305, 2010.

3. LabVIEW Manual “Getting started with LabVIEW Manual” by National

Instruments.

4. LabVIEW Manual “LEGO®MINDSTORMS® NXT Module Programming

Guide” by National Instruments.

5. LabVIEW Manual “System Identification Toolkit Algorithm References” by

National Instruments.

6. LabVIEW Manual “Signal Express” by National Instruments.

7. LabVIEW Manual “DAQ getting started guide” by National Instruments.

Students can also refer other books/ journals that are available whose content

corresponds to the content of the syllabus.


ICPG210: Advanced Digital Signal Processing (3-1-0)



Unit 1:

Classification of signals, concept of frequency in continuous time and discrete time

signals A/D, D/A conversion i.e. sampling and quantization. Classification of discrete

time systems, introduction to IIR and FIR systems.

Unit 2:

Analysis of discrete time linear time invariant system, techniques for the analysis of

linear systems, convolution sum, properties of convolution and the interconnection of

LTI systems, stability of LTI systems, difference equations to describe LTI systems,

impulse response of LTI system.

Unit 3:

Z transformation, ROC, Properties of Z transformation, rational Z transformation, one

sided Z transformation, solution of difference equation, basic network structure of IIR

system, direct form cascade form, parallel form, basic network structure of FIR system,

DFT and its properties, fast fourier transform (FFT), decimation in time algorithm,

decimation in frequency algorithm, design of IIR filter by bilinear transformation, design

of FIR using windows, properties of FIR filters.

Unit 4:

Lionear prediction and optimum linear filters-forword and backword linear prediction,

Levinson-Durbin algorithm, Schur algorithm, AR and ARMA model, Wiener Filter- FIR,

IIR, non casual (speech recognition application)

Unit 5:

Effects of finite register lengths in digital signal processing, effects of truncation and

rounding, finite register length effects in realization of digital signal IIR filter, statistical

analysis of quantization in floating point realization of IIR filters, finite register length

effects in realization of FIR filters, statistical analysis of quantization in fixed point

realization of FIR filters, statistical analysis of quantization in floating point realization of

FIR filters.

References Books:

1. Sanjit K Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A computer-based approach ,Tata Mc

Grow-Hill edition .1998

2. Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, Prentice-

Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997

3. John G. Proakis, and Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing(third edition),

Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd, New Delhi, 1997

4. Emmanuel C. Ifeachor, Barrie W. Jervis , Digital Signal Processing-A practical

Approach, Addison . Wesley,1993

5. Abraham Peled and Bede Liu, Digital Signal Processing, John Wiley and Sons, 1976


ICPG211: Industrial Communication (3-1-0)



Unit1: Characteristics of Communication Networks- Traffic characterisation and

Services- Circuit Switched and Packet Switched Networks- Virtual circuit Switched

networks- OSI Model- Protocol Layers and Services- The physical layer-Theoretical

basis for data communication- signalling and modulation-multiplexing-Transmission

media-Physical interface and protocols

Unit2: The transport layer- Connectionless transport-UDP –TCP- Congestion control -

Network layer series and routing- internet protocol (IP) - Network layer addressing-

hierarchical addresses-address resolution- services- Datagram- virtual circuits- routing

algorithm (Bellman Ford,Dijkstra)

Unit3: Direct link Networks: Framing; Error detection; Reliable transmission; Multiple

access protocols; Concept of LAN- Ethernet LAN – Ethernet frame structure-Ethernet

(IEEE 802.3); Token Rings (IEEE 802.5 & FDDI); Address Resolution Protocol- IEEE

802.11 LAN’s- architecture and media access protocols, hubs, bridges, switches, PPP,

ATM, wireless LAN

Unit4: Introduction to industrial networks – SCADA networks - Remote Terminal

Unit (RTU), Intelligent Electronic Devices (IED) - Communication Network, SCADA

Server, SCADA/HMI Systems - single unified standard architecture -IEC 61850 -

SCADA Communication: various industrial communication technologies -wired and

wireless methods and fiber optics, open standard communication protocols

References Books:

1. Alberto,Leon,Garcia, Indra, and Wadjaja, .Communication networks., Tata Mc Graw

Hill,2000

2. James F Kurose.Keith W Ross, .Computer networking A Top down Approach featured

internet, Pearson Education, 2003.

3. Keshav, .An engineering approach to computer networking, Addison-Wesley, 1999

4. Andrew S. Tannebaum, .Computer Networks., Fourth Edition., Prentice Hall,2003

5. Stuart A. Boyer: SCADA-Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition, Instrument

Society of America Publications,USA,1999

6. Gordon Clarke, Deon Reynders: Practical Modern SCADA Protocols: DNP3, 60870.5

and Related Systems, Newnes Publications, Oxford, UK,2004

7. Afritech Panel, Industrial communication, Afritech,

8. Miller,- Data Network Communication, Vikas.


ICPG212: Industrial Automation and Robotics (3-1-0)



Unit1: Overview: Structure & components Industrial Automation systems. Architectural

levels of Industrial controls Actuators & sensors: Servomotors, Stepper motors, Process

I/O systems. Local & remote I/O systems.

Unit2: Basic concepts: Definition and origin of robotics – different types of robots –

various generations of robots – degrees of freedom – Asimov’s laws of robotics –

Dynamic stabilization of robots. Power sources and sensors: Hydraulic, pneumatic and

electric drives – Determination of HP of motor and gearing ratio – variable speed

arrangements – path determination – machine vision – ranging – laser acoustic– magnetic

– fibre optic and tactile sensors.

Unit3: Manipulators, Actuators and Grippers: Construction of manipulators –

manipulator dynamic and force control – electronic and pneumatic manipulator control

circuits – and effectors – various types of grippers –design considerations.

Robotic arm and Android hand

References Books:

1. Ghosh Control in Robotics and Automation: Sensor Based Integration,Allied

Publishers,Chennai.

2. Craig, John J., Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics & Control, 2nd Edition,

Pearson Education, 1989.

3. Mittal and Nagrath,- Robotics and Control, Tata Mc. Graw Hill.

4. Fu, K.S., R.C. Gonzalez, C.S.G. Lee, Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision &

Intelligence, McGrawHill, 1987.

5. . Khafter, R.D., Chimelewski, T.A. and Negin, M. – Robot Engineering – An

Integrated Approach,PHI, New Delhi, 1994.

6. Sponge, M., and Vidyasagar M- Robot Dynamics and Control, John Wiley New

York 1989.

7. John Iovine,‟Robots Androids and Animatrons‟, TAB electronics


ICPG213: Engineering Optimization (3-1-0)



Unit1: Introduction - Optimization concepts, Euclidean space, convex functions, gradient vector,

Hessian matrix, formulation of engineering problems amenable to optimization, direct

approach and indirect methods.

Unit2: Classical optimization techniques –

Maxima minima for functions of several variables, necessary and sufficient

conditions, formulation of non linear optimization problems with equality and inequality

constraints, solution techniques using Lagrange’s multiplier and khun-tuckker conditions.

Unit3: Uni dimensional optimization – Elimination methods, interpolation methods.

Unit4: Multivariable optimization – Concepts of Hill climbing, methods of steepest descent, Newton Raphson

methods, Fletcher power method, constrained optimization.

Unit5: Other techniques –

Principle of optimality, solution for simple multistage problems, Dynamic

Programming, Geometric Programming.

References Books:

1. S. S. Rao, Engineering Optimization: Theory and Practice, Wiley, (2009)

2. Godfrey C., Onwubolu, b. V. Babu, New optimization techniques in engineering,

Springer,2004. 3. Kalyanmoy Dev, Optimization for Engineering Design-Algorithm and Examples,

Prentice Hall of India-1998. 4. J. N. Siddall, Optimal Engineering Design, CRC Press, (1982)

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